Synaptic membrane phosphorylation: target for neurotransmitters and peptides

Presynaptic localization of B-50 phosphoprotein: the (ACTH)-sensitive protein kinase substrate involved in rat brain polyphosphoinositide metabolism

This study describes the ultrastructural localization in rat hippocampal tissue in situ and in isolated synaptosomes of the brain-specific phosphoprotein B-50, using affinity purified anti-B-50 immunoglobulins (IgGs). Evidence is presented for the presynaptic localization of B-50 in rat brain. Given this specific localization a model is presented outlining the presumed function of the B-50 protein in the membrane and describing possible neuromodulation by adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-like peptides.

Cross-reaction of anti-rat B-50: characterization and isolation of a "B-50 phosphoprotein" from bovine brain

Antibodies to the phosphoprotein B-50 of rat brain were used to trace cross-reacting brain proteins of vertebrates. With the SDS-gel-immunoperoxidase method, a cross-reacting protein (CP) of apparent Mr 53,000 was demonstrated in the homogenate and the synaptic plasma membrane fraction of bovine brain. Sequence 1-24 of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH1-24) (10(-5) M and 10(-4) M) inhibited endogenous phosphorylation of CP in synaptic plasma membranes. The protein was partially characterized and purified to homogeneity from bovine brain by procedures previously described for rat B-50. CP was enriched in ammonium sulfate precipitated protein (ASP) fractions and phosphorylated by an endogenous protein kinase. Two-dimensional gel analysis of bovine and rat ASP showed that the cross-reacting protein had an isoelectric point less acidic than B-50. Limited proteolysis by Staphylococcus aureus protease yielded a "peptide map" analogous to B-50. Two major fragments of Mr 30,000 and 17,000 were produced. In addition, CP exhibited other similarities to rat B-50: phosphorylation by rat brain protein kinase C, microheterogeneity observed after isoelectric focusing, and possibly degradation by endogenous proteolysis. Cross-reaction of proteins in brain homogenates of other mammalian species and of chicken was demonstrated: the Mr of the proteins ranged from 47,000 to 53,000. We conclude that (1) the cross-reacting bovine protein is a "B-50 protein," and (2) the Mr of the "B-50 protein" varies from species to species.