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Pavshintsev VV, Mitkin NA, Frolova OY, Kushnir EA, Averina OA, Lovat ML. Individual roles of brain and serum alcohol dehydrogenase isoforms in regulation of alcohol consumption in SPF Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:458-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Akkaya A, Tekelioglu UY, Demirhan A, Erdurmus M, Apuhan T, Bayir H, Ayaz E, Kocoglu H. Locomotor differences in Mongolian gerbils with the effects of midazolam administration in the form of eye drops. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:195-200. [PMID: 26060479 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midazolam is a sedative-hypnotic agent with amnestic and anticonvulsant properties that can be administrated to mammals through various routes, such as intravenous, intramuscular, oral, intrathecal, rectal, and buccal. Midazolam administration in the form of eye drops through the conjunctiva is not reported in the literature. AIM This study aims to demonstrate the possible central nervous system effects of midazolam administration as eyes drops in Mongolian gerbils. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen gerbils were randomly assigned to one of two equal sized groups. The active arm received 2 ml of 10 mg midazolam as eye drops in both eyes. Control group received a total of 2 ml of physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). We subjected the gerbils to an adapted "Open Field" to determine the possible effects on central nervous system of midazolam. Gerbils were allowed to move freely in the open field. Before and after the drug administration, locomotor activities of each gerbil have been recorded. Frequency of loss of righting reflex was quantified. RESULTS Conjunctival midazolam administration resulted with the transient loss of righting reflex (p=0.017) and suppressed exploration motion (p=0.018) in the open field test compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, administration of conjunctival midazolam as an eye drop may affect gerbil's locomotor activities and open field behaviors. We argue that, using a sedative and anticonvulsive drug such as midazolam via conjunctival route may be useful in some clinical situations. Therefore, it could be beneficial to develop a new conjunctival formulation of midazolam. Also, there is a need for trials in humans with pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akcan Akkaya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Umit Y Tekelioglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Demirhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mesut Erdurmus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Apuhan
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hakan Bayir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Erol Ayaz
- Department of Parasitology, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kocoglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical School, Bolu, Turkey
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López-Cruz L, Salamone JD, Correa M. The Impact of Caffeine on the Behavioral Effects of Ethanol Related to Abuse and Addiction: A Review of Animal Studies. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2013; 3:9-21. [PMID: 24761272 PMCID: PMC3643311 DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2013.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of caffeine on the behavioral effects of ethanol, including ethanol consumption and abuse, has become a topic of great interest due to the rise in popularity of the so-called energy drinks. Energy drinks high in caffeine are frequently taken in combination with ethanol under the popular belief that caffeine can offset some of the intoxicating effects of ethanol. However, scientific research has not universally supported the idea that caffeine can reduce the effects of ethanol in humans or in rodents, and the mechanisms mediating the caffeine-ethanol interactions are not well understood. Caffeine and ethanol have a common biological substrate; both act on neurochemical processes related to the neuromodulator adenosine. Caffeine acts as a nonselective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonist, while ethanol has been demonstrated to increase the basal adenosinergic tone via multiple mechanisms. Since adenosine transmission modulates multiple behavioral processes, the interaction of both drugs can regulate a wide range of effects related to alcohol consumption and the development of ethanol addiction. In the present review, we discuss the relatively small number of animal studies that have assessed the interactions between caffeine and ethanol, as well as the interactions between ethanol and subtype-selective adenosine receptor antagonists, to understand the basic findings and determine the possible mechanisms of action underlying the caffeine-ethanol interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D. Salamone
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Mercè Correa
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Sánchez López C, Barriga C, Rodríguez A, Franco L, Rivero M, Cubero J. Effects of oral administration of L-methionine on activity/rest rhythm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 97:224-33. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.97.2010.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang H, Huang H, Li H, Teotico DG, Sinz M, Baker SD, Staudinger J, Kalpana G, Redinbo MR, Mani S. Activated pregnenolone X-receptor is a target for ketoconazole and its analogs. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2488-95. [PMID: 17438109 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variations in biotransformation and elimination of microtubule-binding drugs are a major cause of unpredictable side effects during cancer therapy. Because the orphan receptor, pregnenolone X-receptor (PXR), coordinately regulates the expression of paclitaxel metabolizing and transport enzymes, controlling this process could improve therapeutic outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro RNA-, protein-, and transcription-based assays in multiple cell lines derived from hepatocytes and PXR wild-type and null mouse studies were employed to show the effects of ketoconazole and its analogues on ligand-activated PXR-mediated gene transcription and translation. RESULTS The transcriptional activation of genes regulating biotransformation and transport by the liganded human nuclear xenobiotic receptor, PXR, was inhibited by the commonly used antifungal ketoconazole and related azole analogs. Mutations at the AF-2 surface of the human PXR ligand-binding domain indicate that ketoconazole may interact with specific residues outside the ligand-binding pocket. Furthermore, in contrast to that observed in PXR (+/+) mice, genetic loss of PXR results in increased (preserved) blood levels of paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that some azole compounds repress the coordinated activation of genes involved in drug metabolism by blocking PXR activation. Because loss of PXR maintains blood levels of paclitaxel upon chronic dosing, ketoconazole analogues may also serve to preserve paclitaxel blood levels on chronic dosing of drugs. Our observations may facilitate new strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of drugs and to reduce therapeutic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Huang H, Wang H, Sinz M, Zoeckler M, Staudinger J, Redinbo MR, Teotico DG, Locker J, Kalpana GV, Mani S. Inhibition of drug metabolism by blocking the activation of nuclear receptors by ketoconazole. Oncogene 2006; 26:258-68. [PMID: 16819505 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individual variation in drug metabolism is a major cause of unpredictable side effects during therapy. Drug metabolism is controlled by a class of orphan nuclear receptors (NRs), which regulate expression of genes such as CYP (cytochrome)3A4 and MDR-1 (multi-drug resistance-1), that are involved in this process. We have found that xenobiotic-mediated induction of CYP3A4 and MDR-1 gene transcription was inhibited by ketoconazole, a commonly used antifungal drug. Ketoconazole mediated its effect by inhibiting the activation of NRs, human pregnenolone X receptor and constitutive androstene receptor, involved in regulation of CYP3A4 and MDR-1. The effect of ketoconazole was specific to the group of NRs that control xenobiotic metabolism. Ketoconazole disrupted the interaction of the xenobiotic receptor PXR with the co-activator steroid receptor co-activator-1. Ketoconazole treatment resulted in delayed metabolism of tribromoethanol anesthetic in mice, which was correlated to the inhibition of PXR activation and downmodulation of cyp3a11 and mdr-1 genes and proteins. These studies demonstrate for the first time that ketoconazole represses the coordinated activation of genes involved in drug metabolism, by blocking activation of a specific subset of NRs. Our results suggest that ketoconazole can be used as a pan-antagonist of NRs involved in xenobiotic metabolism in vivo, which may lead to novel strategies that improve drug effect and tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Constitutive Androstane Receptor
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ethanol/analogs & derivatives
- Ethanol/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Histone Acetyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Humans
- Ketoconazole/pharmacology
- Liver X Receptors
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1
- Orphan Nuclear Receptors
- Pregnane X Receptor
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Steroid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Correa M, Pascual M, Sanchis-Segura C, Guerri C, Aragon CMG. Lead-induced catalase activity differentially modulates behaviors induced by short-chain alcohols. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 82:443-52. [PMID: 16269173 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute lead administration produces a transient increase in brain catalase activity. This effect of lead has been used to assess the involvement of brain ethanol metabolism, and therefore centrally formed acetaldehyde, in the behavioral actions of ethanol. In mice, catalase is involved in ethanol and methanol metabolism, but not in the metabolism of other alcohols such as 1-propanol or tert-butanol. In the present study, we assessed the specificity of the effects of lead acetate on catalase-mediated metabolism of alcohols, and the ability of lead to modulate the locomotion and loss of the righting reflex (LRR) induced by 4 different short-chain alcohols. Animals were pretreated i.p. with lead acetate (100 mg/kg) or saline, and 7 days later were injected i.p. with ethanol (2.5 or 4.5 g/kg), methanol (2.5 or 6.0 g/kg), 1-propanol (0.5 or 2.5 g/kg) or tert-butanol (0.5 or 2.0 g/kg) for locomotion and LRR, respectively. Locomotion induced by ethanol was significantly potentiated in lead-treated mice, while methanol-induced locomotion was reduced by lead treatment. The loss of righting reflex induced by ethanol was shorter in lead-treated mice, and lead produced the opposite effect in methanol-treated mice. There was no effect of lead on 1-propanol or tert-butanol-induced behaviors. Lead treatment was effective in inducing catalase activity and protein both in liver and brain. These results support the hypothesis that the effects of lead treatment on ethanol-induced behaviors are related to changes in catalase activity, rather than some nonspecific effect that generalizes to all alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Correa
- Area de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I., Campus Riu Sec, 12071 Castelló, Spain.
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Mani S, Huang H, Sundarababu S, Liu W, Kalpana G, Smith AB, Horwitz SB. Activation of the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (human pregnane X receptor) by nontaxane microtubule-stabilizing agents. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:6359-69. [PMID: 16144941 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because induction of drug efflux transporters is one of the major underlying mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy, and human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) is one of the principal "xenobiotic" receptors whose activation induces transporter and drug-metabolizing enzyme gene transcription, it would be ideal to develop chemotherapy drugs that do not activate hPXR. This report describes studies undertaken to explore the characteristics of hPXR stimulation and mechanisms of drug-receptor interactions in vitro with new anti-tubulin drugs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro transient transcription, glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, and mammalian one-hybrid and two-hybrid systems were used to explore drug-receptor interactions. Loss of righting reflex was used to assess effects of drugs on PXR activity in vivo. RESULTS The current study showed that paclitaxel, discodermolide, and an analogue of epothilone B, BMS-247550, induced CYP3A4 protein expression in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Transient transcription assays of a luciferase reporter in the presence and absence of a GAL4-steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) plasmid in HepG2 cells showed that these drugs activate hPXR. This was not true for the inactive analogue of paclitaxel, baccatin III, or for an analogue of epothilone A, analogue 5, none of which stabilizes microtubules. To determine the mechanisms by which paclitaxel, discodermolide, and BMS-247550 activate hPXR, a mammalian two-hybrid assay was done using VP16SRC-1 (coactivator) and GAL4-SXR. SRC-1 preferentially augmented the effects of these drugs on hPXR. Expression of SMRT (corepressor) but not NCoR suppressed the drug-induced activation of SXR by approximately 50%, indicating a selectivity in corepressor interaction with hPXR. These drugs resulted in shortened duration of loss of righting reflex in vivo, indicating drug-induced activation of PXR in mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that activation of hPXR with selective displacement of corepressors is an important mechanism by which microtubule-stabilizing drugs induce drug-metabolizing enzymes both in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Alkanes/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/metabolism
- Blotting, Northern
- Carbamates/pharmacology
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Epothilones/pharmacology
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Histone Acetyltransferases
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Lactones/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1
- Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1
- Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/metabolism
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Plasmids
- Pregnane X Receptor
- Pyrones
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Reflex, Abnormal
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcriptional Activation
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
- Xenobiotics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Mani
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Correa M, Sanchis-Segura C, Aragon CM. Influence of brain catalase on ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2001; 65:9-15. [PMID: 11714585 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of lead acetate and 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (AT) on ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR) and brain catalase activity was studied in an attempt to confirm earlier observations on the involvement of catalase in ethanol-induced effects. Lead acetate (0 or 100 mg/kg) or AT (0 or 500 mg/kg) was injected (acutely) into mice 7 days or 5 h before testing. Other mice were exposed to drinking fluid containing 500 ppm lead acetate for 60 days. On the test day, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (4.0 or 4.5 g/kg) and the duration of LORR was recorded. Acute lead-treated animals demonstrated a reduction in the duration of the LORR. However, both chronic administration of lead acetate and AT treatment increased the duration of ethanol-produced LORR. Furthermore, brain catalase activity in acute lead pretreated animals showed a significant induction, whereas it was reduced in chronic lead and AT treated mice. These results suggest that brain catalase activity, and by implication centrally formed acetaldehyde, may modulate ethanol-induced LORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Correa
- Area de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Crta. Borriol, Apartado 224, 12080, Castelló, Spain
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