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Murai U, Sawada N, Charvat H, Inoue M, Yasuda N, Yamagishi K, Tsugane S. Soy product intake and risk of incident disabling dementia: the JPHC Disabling Dementia Study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4045-4057. [PMID: 35788776 PMCID: PMC9596534 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the association between total soy, soy product (natto, miso and tofu) and isoflavone intake and incident disabling dementia in a Japanese population. METHODS We conducted a population-based prospective study in 18,991 men and 22,456 women. Intake of soy products and isoflavone was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire when participants were 45-74 years old (1995 and 1998). Incident disabling dementia was defined by the daily living disability status related to dementia in the long-term care insurance program of Japan from 2006 to 2016. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of disabling dementia were calculated by quintiles of total soy, individual soy product and isoflavone intake, using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Total soy product intake was not associated with disabling dementia risk in both men and women. By individual soy products, natto intake was marginally inversely associated with disabling dementia in women (trend P = 0.050). When we stratified by age, this inverse association was clearer in women aged under 60 years (multivariate HR for the highest versus lowest quintile was 0.78, 95% CI 0.59-1.04, trend P = 0.020 for those aged under 60 years and 0.90, 95% CI 0.77-1.05, trend P = 0.23 for those aged 60 years and older, respectively). Any soy product or isoflavone intake was not associated with disabling dementia risk in men. CONCLUSIONS Although total soy product intake was not associated with disabling dementia risk, natto intake may contribute to reducing the risk of disabling dementia in women, especially in those aged under 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Murai
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Division of International Health Policy Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Kochi University Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Mosallanezhad Z, Mahmoodi M, Ranjbar S, Hosseini R, Clark CCT, Carson-Chahhoud K, Norouzi Z, Abbasian A, Sohrabi Z, Jalali M. Soy intake is associated with lowering blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 59:102692. [PMID: 33636295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, results of clinical trial studies are equivocal. Thus, the present study sought to discern the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure. METHODS The search process was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to ascertain studies investigating the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure in adults, published up to June 2020. A random-effects model was applied to pool mean difference and 95 % confidence interval (CI). Begg's and Egger's methods were conducted to assess publication bias. RESULTS Pooled effects from 17 effect sizes revealed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-1.70; -3.34 to -0.06 mmHg; I2 = 45.4 %) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (-1.27; -2.36 to -0.19 mmHg, I2 = 43.9 %) following soy consumption, in comparison with controls. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a reduction in both SBP and DBP in younger participants with lower baseline DBP and intervention durations of <16 weeks. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that soy intake is associated with an ameliorating effect on blood pressure in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mosallanezhad
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV15FB, UK
| | - Kristin Carson-Chahhoud
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, the University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zahra Norouzi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasian
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Cardioprotective Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure by a Sex-Gender-Oriented Point of View. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2176728. [PMID: 31998434 PMCID: PMC6975222 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2176728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytochemicals are considered an innovative strategy that helps to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Some phytochemicals have been shown to play a beneficial role in lipid metabolism, to improve endothelial function and to modify oxidative stress pathways in experimental and clinical models of cardiovascular impairment. Importantly, investigation on phytochemical effect on cardiac remodeling appears to be promising. Nowadays, drug therapy and implantation of devices have demonstrated to ameliorate survival. Of interest, sex-gender seems to influence the response to HF canonical therapies. In fact, starting by the evidence of the feminization of world population and the scarce efficacy and safety of the traditional drugs in women, the search of alternative therapeutic tools has become mandatory. The aim of this review is to summarize the possible role of dietary phytochemicals in HF therapy and the evidence of a different sex-gender-oriented response.
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Mori N, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Goto A, Shimazu T, Inoue M, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Tsugane S. Circulating sex hormone levels and colorectal cancer risk in Japanese postmenopausal women: The JPHC nested case-control study. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1238-1244. [PMID: 31131883 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies evaluated endogenous sex hormone levels and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have yielded inconsistent results. Also, it is unknown if consumption of dietary isoflavones may influence the endogenous sex hormones and CRC relationships. We conducted a nested case-control study within the JPHC Study Cohort II wherein 11,644 women provided blood samples at the 5-year follow-up survey. We selected two matched controls for each case from the cohort (185 CRC cases and 361 controls). Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between circulating sex hormone levels and CRC risk. Comparing extreme tertiles, circulating testosterone levels were positively associated with CRC risk (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.11-3.99, p for trend = 0.03). Levels of estradiol, SHBG, and progesterone were not associated with CRC risk. In a subgroup analysis by dietary isoflavone intake, SHBG levels were positively associated with CRC risk among those with low total isoflavone intake (p for trend = 0.03), with a statistically nonsignificant inverse association among those with high total isoflavone intake (p for trend = 0.22; p for interaction = 0.002). Endogenous levels of testosterone were positively associated with CRC among postmenopausal women. The association of endogenous SHBG with CRC development may be altered by the level of dietary isoflavone intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Mori
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Woo HW, Kim MK, Lee YH, Shin DH, Shin MH, Choi BY. Habitual consumption of soy protein and isoflavones and risk of metabolic syndrome in adults ≥ 40 years old: a prospective analysis of the Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study (MRCohort). Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2835-2850. [PMID: 30264377 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although considerable attention has been paid to the potential benefits of soy protein and isoflavones for preventing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, findings linking habitual consumption of these factors to MetS are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of MetS incidence with habitual intake of soy protein/isoflavones among Korean men and women aged ≥ 40 years old who did not have MetS at baseline (n = 5509; 2204 men and 3305 women). METHODS Dietary intake of soy protein/isoflavones at baseline and average consumption during follow-up were used. RESULTS A significant inverse association between dietary intake and incidence of MetS was found in women (incidence rate ratios, IRR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.46-0.78, P for trend = 0.0094 for the highest quintile of average soy protein intake compared with the lowest quintile; IRR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.44-0.74, P for trend = 0.0048 for the highest quintile of average isoflavones intake compared with the lowest quintile). A tendency towards an inverse association was also found in men, although it was not significant for the highest quintile (IRR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.58-1.11, P for trend = 0.9759, comparing the lowest to the highest quintile of average soy protein intake; IRR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.53-1.01, P for trend = 0.8956, comparing the lowest to the highest quintile of average isoflavones intake). In terms of individual abnormalities, a significant inverse association was found between soy protein and isoflavones and the incidence of low-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both men and women. Abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure were inversely related to soy protein/isoflavones only in women, and an inverse association of elevated triglyceride appeared only in men. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that habitual intake of soy protein and isoflavones is inversely associated with the risk of MetS and its components. There is likely to be a reverse J-shaped association of average intake with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Put "gender glasses" on the effects of phenolic compounds on cardiovascular function and diseases. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2677-2691. [PMID: 29696400 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of sex and gender is particularly relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as in several aspects of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Anatomical and physiological differences between the sexes may influence the activity of many drugs, including the possibility of their interaction with other drugs, bioactive compounds, foods and beverages. Phenolic compounds could interact with our organism at organ, cellular, and molecular levels triggering a preventive action against chronic diseases, including CVD. RESULTS This article will review the role of sex on the activity of these bioactive molecules, considering the existence of sex differences in oxidative stress. It describes the pharmacokinetics of phenolic compounds, their effects on vessels, on cardiovascular system, and during development, including the role of nuclear receptors and microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a large gap between the knowledge of the sex differences in the phenolic compounds' activity and safety, and the urgent need for more research, available data underlie the possibility that plant-derived phenolic compounds could differently influence the health of male and female subjects.
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Ho CP, Yu JH, Lee TJF. Ovo-vegetarian diet is associated with lower systemic blood pressure in Taiwanese women. Public Health 2017; 153:70-77. [PMID: 28957713 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate blood pressure (BP) profiles among Taiwanese women with different dietary patterns. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 269 non-hypertensive Taiwanese women, 40 years of age or older, were surveyed using structured questionnaires, and measurements of BP and physiological parameters were made. To assess differences among vegans, ovo-vegetarians, and meat eaters in terms of BP, demographic, and health behavior data, the chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were employed for categorical variables, and analysis of variance and independent t-tests were performed for continuous variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between BP and dietary patterns while controlling for potential confounding factors. RESULTS A significant difference was found among the three test groups in terms of age, education, employment, stress, and waist-hip ratio. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) significantly differed among the three groups. After controlling for age, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference, the three groups were observed to be a significant risk factor of the SBP and DBP. The SBP and DBP of the ovo-vegetarian group were significantly lower than those of the meat-eater group. No significant differences were found between the vegan and meat-eater groups in terms of SBP and DBP. CONCLUSION Dietary pattern is a likely risk factor for SBP and DBP outcomes in Taiwanese women. In particular, the SBP and DBP of ovo-vegetarians are the lowest among the values observed for all dietary patterns. This finding suggests that an ovo-vegetarian diet is beneficial for long-term BP control and prevention of hypertension in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - J H Yu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - T J F Lee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
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Nozue M, Shimazu T, Sasazuki S, Charvat H, Mori N, Mutoh M, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Inoue M, Kokubo Y, Yamagishi K, Iso H, Tsugane S. Fermented Soy Product Intake Is Inversely Associated with the Development of High Blood Pressure: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study. J Nutr 2017; 147:1749-1756. [PMID: 28724661 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.250282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Randomized controlled studies have investigated the short-term effect of soy product intake on blood pressure (BP) in normotensive people. To our knowledge, no prospective studies exist on the effect of habitual intake of fermented soy products, separate from total soy products, on BP in the general population.Objective: We examined the association between the habitual intake of soy products, including fermented soy products, and the development of high BP during a 5-y period among participants in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan.Methods: The study included normotensive participants aged 40-69 y at baseline (926 men and 3239 women) who completed 2 questionnaires and whose BP was measured at the baseline survey between 1993 and 1994 and the 5-y follow-up in the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Cohort II. The intake of soy products was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. High BP was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg, or antihypertensive medication use. ORs and 95% CIs of high BP by frequency of soy products (miso, natto, and tofu) consumption, intake of total and fermented soy products, and intake of isoflavones from total and fermented soy products were estimated with the use of multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Multivariable-adjusted ORs of high BP for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of total and fermented soy product intake were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.25; P-trend = 0.786) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.92; P-trend = 0.009), respectively. The frequency of nonfermented soy product (tofu) intake was not associated with the development of high BP (P-trend = 0.597).Conclusions: The intake of fermented soy products, but not total or nonfermented soy products, was inversely associated with developing high BP in men and women with normal BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nozue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagisa Mori
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; and
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Public Health Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Richter CK, Skulas-Ray AC, Champagne CM, Kris-Etherton PM. Plant protein and animal proteins: do they differentially affect cardiovascular disease risk? Adv Nutr 2015; 6:712-28. [PMID: 26567196 PMCID: PMC4642426 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins from plant-based compared with animal-based food sources may have different effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Numerous epidemiologic and intervention studies have evaluated their respective health benefits; however, it is difficult to isolate the role of plant or animal protein on CVD risk. This review evaluates the current evidence from observational and intervention studies, focusing on the specific protein-providing foods and populations studied. Dietary protein is derived from many food sources, and each provides a different composite of nonprotein compounds that can also affect CVD risk factors. Increasing the consumption of protein-rich foods also typically results in lower intakes of other nutrients, which may simultaneously influence outcomes. Given these complexities, blanket statements about plant or animal protein may be too general, and greater consideration of the specific protein food sources and the background diet is required. The potential mechanisms responsible for any specific effects of plant and animal protein are similarly multifaceted and include the amino acid content of particular foods, contributions from other nonprotein compounds provided concomitantly by the whole food, and interactions with the gut microbiome. Evidence to date is inconclusive, and additional studies are needed to further advance our understanding of the complexity of plant protein vs. animal protein comparisons. Nonetheless, current evidence supports the idea that CVD risk can be reduced by a dietary pattern that provides more plant sources of protein compared with the typical American diet and also includes animal-based protein foods that are unprocessed and low in saturated fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chesney K Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
| | - Ann C Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
| | - Catherine M Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
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Fernandez AR, Omar SZ, Husain R. Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate the intake of genistein in Malaysia. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:794-800. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.798269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
The present systematic review was performed to assess differences in the worldwide consumption of functional foods. The Medline and Scopus databases were used to search the existing literature. A total of 23 studies that examined functional food consumption and included information on the country, gender, and age of participants were identified for inclusion. The studies investigated a variety of functional foods, and analysis of the findings indicates it is not possible to reach generalized conclusions about consumer choices regarding functional food consumption. Gender, age, level of education, and personal health status may each predict consumption of one or more functional foods. Further studies aimed at gaining a better understanding of the factors that influence consumption of functional foods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli E Ozen
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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13
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Dong JY, Tong X, Wu ZW, Xun PC, He K, Qin LQ. Effect of soya protein on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:317-26. [PMID: 21342608 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have indicated that soya food consumption is inversely associated with blood pressure (BP). Evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) on the BP-lowering effects of soya protein intake is inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of soya protein intake in lowering BP. The PubMed database was searched for published RCT in the English language through to April 2010, which compared a soya protein diet with a control diet. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to examine the effects of soya protein on BP. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore possible explanations for heterogeneity among trials. Meta-analyses of twenty-seven RCT showed a mean decrease of 2·21 mmHg (95 % CI - 4·10, - 0·33; P = 0·021) for systolic BP (SBP) and 1·44 mmHg (95 % CI - 2·56, - 0·31; P = 0·012) for diastolic BP (DBP), comparing the participants in the soya protein group with those in the control group. Soya protein consumption significantly reduced SBP and DBP in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects, and the reductions were markedly greater in hypertensive subjects. Significant and greater BP reductions were also observed in trials using carbohydrate, but not milk products, as the control diet. Meta-regression analyses further revealed a significantly inverse association between pre-treatment BP and the level of BP reductions. In conclusion, soya protein intake, compared with a control diet, significantly reduces both SBP and DBP, but the BP reductions are related to pre-treatment BP levels of subjects and the type of control diet used as comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Shukla SK, Gupta S, Ojha SK, Sharma SB. Cardiovascular friendly natural products: a promising approach in the management of CVD. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24:873-98. [PMID: 20461632 DOI: 10.1080/14786410903417378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural products play an important role as nutritional supplements and provide potential health benefits in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Compiling data from experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies indicates that dietary nutrients have profound cardioprotective effects in the primary as well as secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, hence they are considered as cardiovascular friendly natural products. The mechanism of cardioprotection produced by dietary nutritional supplements such as flavonoids (citrus fruits, pulses, red wine, tea and cocoa), olive oil, omega-3 (omega-3) fatty acids (fish oil and fish-based products), lycopene (tomato and tomato-based products), resveratrol (grapes and red wine), coffee, and soy in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders have been discussed in the present review, with the emphasis of epidemiological and clinical studies. Based on the intriguing results of various studies, prophylactic and therapeutic potential of cardiovascular friendly natural products have been suggested. The supplementation of cardiovascular friendly natural products needs to be considered in all populations who have high prevalence of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Bhupathy P, Haines CD, Leinwand LA. Influence of sex hormones and phytoestrogens on heart disease in men and women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:77-95. [PMID: 20088732 DOI: 10.2217/whe.09.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women worldwide. According to the WHO, by 2015, almost 20 million people will die from CVD each year. It is well established that men and women differ not only in baseline cardiac parameters, but also in the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of CVD. Women tend to develop heart disease later in life than men. This difference has been attributed to the loss of estrogen during the menopausal transition; however, the biological explanations for the sexual dimorphism in CVD are more complex and seem unlikely to be due to estrogen alone. The current controversy that has arisen regarding the effects of HRT on CVD in women is a case in point. In this review, the sex-based differences in cardiac (patho-) physiology are discussed with emphasis on the impact of sex hormones, hormone receptors and diet on heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Bhupathy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-80347, USA.
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Prasain JK, Carlson SH, Wyss JM. Flavonoids and age-related disease: risk, benefits and critical windows. Maturitas 2010; 66:163-71. [PMID: 20181448 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant derived products are consumed by a large percentage of the population to prevent, delay and ameliorate disease burden; however, relatively little is known about the efficacy, safety and underlying mechanisms of these traditional health products, especially when taken in concert with pharmaceutical agents. The flavonoids are a group of plant metabolites that are common in the diet and appear to provide some health benefits. While flavonoids are primarily derived from soy, many are found in fruits, nuts and more exotic sources, e.g., kudzu. Perhaps the strongest evidence for the benefits of flavonoids in diseases of aging relates to their effect on components of the metabolic syndrome. Flavonoids from soy, grape seed, kudzu and other sources all lower arterial pressure in hypertensive animal models and in a limited number of tests in humans. They also decrease the plasma concentration of lipids and buffer plasma glucose. The underlying mechanisms appear to include antioxidant actions, central nervous system effects, gut transport alterations, fatty acid sequestration and processing, PPAR activation and increases in insulin sensitivity. In animal models of disease, dietary flavonoids also demonstrate a protective effect against cognitive decline, cancer and metabolic disease. However, research also indicates that the flavonoids can be detrimental in some settings and, therefore, are not universally safe. Thus, as the population ages, it is important to determine the impact of these agents on prevention/attenuation of disease, including optimal exposure (intake, timing/duration) and potential contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Prasain
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Pan A, Franco OH, Ye J, Demark-Wahnefried W, Ye X, Yu Z, Li H, Lin X. Soy protein intake has sex-specific effects on the risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. J Nutr 2008; 138:2413-21. [PMID: 19022966 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.097519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy protein intake has been postulated to improve lipid profiles, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure. However, data linking soy protein intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are limited. We evaluated the association between soy protein intake and the risk of MetS and its components among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2811 Chinese men and women aged 50-70 y, who were free of diagnosed cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Dietary data, including soy protein intake, was collected using a 74-item FFQ. MetS was defined using the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans. We used multivariate logistical regression models to quantify these associations. The median level of soy protein intake was 7.82 g/d (7.64 g/d in men and 8.02 g/d in women). Overall, the association of soy protein intake and the risk of MetS differed between men and women (P for interaction = 0.008). In men, the adjusted odds ratio comparing the extreme quartiles was 1.64 (95% CI: 0.95-2.81; P-trend = 0.077), whereas for women, it was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.42-1.03; P-trend = 0.138). Soy protein intake was positively associated with hyperglycemia (P-trend = 0.005) in men, whereas it was inversely associated with elevated blood pressure (P-trend = 0.049). It was not associated with any component in women. In conclusion, habitual soy protein intake may have sex-dependent effects on risk of MetS in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Effects of botanical dietary supplements on cardiovascular, cognitive, and metabolic function in males and females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5 Suppl A:S76-90. [PMID: 18395685 DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of menopause marks a pivotal time in which the incidence of hypertension and of cardiovascular disease (CVD) begins to increase dramatically in women. Before menopause, the incidences of these diseases are significantly lower in women than in age-matched men. After menopause, the rates of these diseases in women eventually approximate those in men. The loss of endogenous estrogen at menopause has been traditionally believed to be the primary factor involved in these changes. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes recent findings regarding the effectiveness of botanicals in the treatment of some menopausal symptoms and other symptoms of aging (eg, rise in arterial pressure, cognitive decline, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia). METHODS Articles were selected for inclusion in this review based on the significance of the research and contribution to the current understanding of how each botanical elicits cardioprotective effects. To this end, PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched, using terms that included the name of the specific botanical along with the relevant aspects of its action(s), such as blood pressure, glycemic control, and lipids. Most of the articles used were published within the past 5 years, although some older articles that were seminal in advancing the current understanding of botanicals were also included. RESULTS Soy has been found to lower plasma lipid concentrations and arterial pressure in postmenopausal women and age-matched men, and to have protective effects in heart disease and atherosclerosis of the carotid and coronary circulation. Soy was also found to lower fasting insulin concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations. Grape seed extract, another frequently used botanical, contains polyphenols that have been found to reduce arterial pressure and salt-sensitive hypertension in estrogendepleted animal models. CONCLUSION Several botanical compounds have been found to have beneficial effects in the treatment of the symptoms of menopause and other symptoms of aging, including CVD, cognitive decline, and metabolic diseases.
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Zhang B, Chen YM, Huang LL, Zhou XX, Chen CG, Ye YB, Su YX. Greater habitual soyfood consumption is associated with decreased carotid intima-media thickness and better plasma lipids in Chinese middle-aged adults. Atherosclerosis 2008; 198:403-11. [PMID: 18022626 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Many clinical studies have shown high-dose supplemental soy protein has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. We examined the association between habitual soyfood intake and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plasma lipids in a cross-sectional study including 406 (M 134, F 272) middle-aged Chinese adults (40-65 years) without confirmed relevant diseases. We found significantly dose-respondent decreases in bifurcation IMT, total and LDL cholesterol associated with increased usual soyfood intake after adjusting for potential confounders (p for trend, all p<0.05). Covariate-adjusted mean bifurcation IMT, total and LDL cholesterol decreased by 9.4%, 6.2% and 10.4% in women (p=0.020, 0.035, 0.110), 16.0%, 12.3% and 19.6% in men (p=0.036, 0.005, 0.002), and 9.9%, 9.3% and 15.4% in total men and women combined (p=0.010, <0.001, <0.001) when the mean intake of soy protein increased from 0.87 (F) or 0.64 (M) g/day (1st tertile) to 8.35 (F) or 7.48 (M) g/day (3rd tertile), respectively. Significant interaction between sex and soy consumption on bifurcation IMT was observed (p=0.008). In conclusion, higher habitual soyfood consumption is associated with decreased bifurcation IMT, plasma TC and LDL-c in middle-aged Chinese adults. The association is more apparent in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Faulty of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Rosero Arenas MA, Rosero Arenas E, Portaceli Armiñana MA, García García MA. [Usefulness of phyto-oestrogens in reduction of blood pressure. Systematic review and meta-analysis]. Aten Primaria 2008; 40:177-86. [PMID: 18405582 PMCID: PMC7713494 DOI: 10.1157/13118060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether treatment with phyto-oestrogens or soya protein succeeds in lowering blood pressure. DESIGN A systematic review, evaluating all the observation studies and clinical trials, was conducted, followed by a meta-analysis to evaluate blood pressure variations in patients treated with phyto-oestrogens. SEARCH: The search strategy adopted used the terms "phyto-oestrogens," "soya meals," "hypertension," and "blood pressure." DATA SOURCES The data bases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, OVID were used, without time or language restrictions. References in the relevant articles were searched for manually. STUDY SELECTION Two independent reviewers analysed the studies found in the search. DATA EXTRACTION The Jadad scale was used for the clinical trials and the numerical data in the text or referred to in tables were extracted. Evaluation was made of which observational and experimental articles showed a drop in blood pressure with phyto-oestrogens and which did not. In the meta-analysis, data on sample size, difference in blood pressure before and after intervention and standard deviation were extracted from each study. The weighted difference of means was used with the model of randomised effects. The Review Manager v4.2.9 programme was used. RESULTS No significant variations in blood pressure were found, whether systolic (-1.20 mm Hg; 95% CI, -2.80 to 0.41 mm Hg) or diastolic (-1.31 mm Hg; 95% CI, -2.73 to 0.11). If there were any variations, they are clinically of little importance. There was also an important degree of both statistical and clinical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS There are no statistically significant or clinically important differences in blood pressure between patients treated with phyto-oestrogens and those not treated.
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Liang W, Lee AH, Binns CW, Hu D, Huang R, Tian H. Are soy foods protective against ischemic stroke? FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.2217/14796708.2.5.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. A large number of studies have observed the beneficial effects of soy protein and soy polyunsaturated fat in lowering blood cholesterol, reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health. This study aims to investigate the potential of a soy food diet in the prevention of ischemic stroke through evaluation of evidence from clinical trials, meta-analyses, experimental and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liang
- Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Andy H Lee
- Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Colin W Binns
- Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Delong Hu
- First Peoples Hospital of Shunde, Department of Neurology and Endocrinology, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rongsheng Huang
- First Peoples Hospital of Shunde, Department of Surgery, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Tian
- Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou, China.
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Ho SY, Schooling M, Hui LL, McGhee SM, Mak KH, Lam TH. Soy consumption and mortality in Hong Kong: proxy-reported case-control study of all older adult deaths in 1998. Prev Med 2006; 43:20-6. [PMID: 16631248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the relation between soy consumption and mortality in a population-based case-control study in Hong Kong of all adult deaths in 1998. METHODS Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effect of soy on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 21,494 deceased cases and 10,968 living controls who were ethnic Chinese aged 60 or above, using proxy reports collected from the person registering the death. Dietary habits were obtained from proxies in both cases and controls, based on a 7-item questionnaire. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratios for all-cause mortality for soy consumption 4 or more times a week compared with less than once a month were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.95) for men and 0.66 (0.54, 0.81) for women. Mortality from lung cancer (males P = 0.02, females P = 0.02), colorectal cancer (males P = 0.07, females P < 0.001), stomach cancer (males P = 0.04, females P = 0.03), female breast cancer (P = 0.02) and ischemic heart disease (males P < 0.001, females P = 0.002) was inversely associated with soy consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that maintaining traditional levels of soy consumption could be protective for some chronic diseases in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Yin Ho
- Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Douglas G, Armitage JA, Taylor PD, Lawson JR, Mann GE, Poston L. Cardiovascular consequences of life-long exposure to dietary isoflavones in the rat. J Physiol 2006; 571:477-87. [PMID: 16410278 PMCID: PMC1796799 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary soy intake in man is proposed to provide cardiovascular protection, but it is not established whether this property is attributable to the soy protein per se or to associated dietary isoflavones. This investigation aimed to establish whether the dietary isoflavones in soy protein affect cardiovascular function. Ten days prior to mating, male and female Wistar rats were habituated to either a soy based isoflavone rich diet (plasma concentration 1.87 micromol l(-1) isoflavones) or the same diet after isoflavone elution (plasma isoflavone not detectable). Offspring were weaned onto and maintained on the same diet as their dam and sire for 6 months. Blood pressure, and constrictor and dilator responses in the aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries were assessed at 3 and 6 months of age. There was no effect of isoflavone removal from the diet on blood pressure, heart rate, aortic function or mesenteric artery contractile function, at either 3 or 6 months of age. Resistance mesenteric arteries from 6-month-old female rats fed the isoflavone rich diet demonstrated a modest increase in arterial distensibility compared with those fed the depleted diet, and mesenteric arteries from male and female rats fed the isoflavone rich diet showed increased sensitivity to acetylcholine. In summary, the isoflavone content of soy protein has no influence on blood pressure in healthy rats fed a diet based on soy protein, but influences small artery function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Douglas
- Division of Reproductive Health, Endocrinology and Development, Medical School of Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - J A Armitage
- Division of Reproductive Health, Endocrinology and Development, Medical School of Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - P D Taylor
- Division of Reproductive Health, Endocrinology and Development, Medical School of Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - J R Lawson
- Special Diets ServicesPO Box 705, Witham, Essex, UK
| | - G E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, New Hunts HouseGuy's Campus, London, UK
| | - L Poston
- Division of Reproductive Health, Endocrinology and Development, Medical School of Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondon, UK
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Yuan YV, Carrington MF, Walsh NA. Extracts from dulse (Palmaria palmata) are effective antioxidants and inhibitors of cell proliferation in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:1073-81. [PMID: 15833383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that a 1-butanol soluble extract of the edible red alga Palmaria palmata, known as dulse, exhibited hydroxyl and stable free radical scavenging activity as well as inhibition of lipid peroxidation, attributed to the reducing activity and polyphenol content of the dulse extract. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of two grades of dulse harvested from Canadian Maritime locations differing in UV radiation exposure (i.e. west versus east coasts of Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick). The 1-butanol soluble extract from Grade 1 dulse (reduced UV-exposure) exhibited lower reducing activity versus Grade 2 dulse (greater UV exposure) reflecting a lower requirement for endogenous antioxidant protection. Grade 1 and 2 dulse extracts both inhibited (p0.03) AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation, but had no effect on AMVN-induced lipid peroxidation, demonstrating the aqueous nature of the antioxidants involved. The Grade 1 and 2 dulse extract inhibition (p<0.05) of HeLa cell proliferation was dose-dependent over 0.5-5.0mg/mL and maximal at 48 and 72h incubation. The antiproliferative effects of the Grade 1 and 2 dulse extracts in the present study likely reflect the bioactivity of the polyphenol content of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne V Yuan
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3.
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Yang G, Shu XO, Jin F, Zhang X, Li HL, Li Q, Gao YT, Zheng W. Longitudinal study of soy food intake and blood pressure among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:1012-7. [PMID: 15883423 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/81.5.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several small-scale clinical trials have suggested a potential beneficial effect of short-term soy consumption on blood pressure (BP). Data are scanty on long-term effects of the usual intake of soy foods on BP in general populations. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine the association between usual intake of soy foods and BP. DESIGN The usual intake of soy foods was assessed at baseline, and BP was measured 2-3 y after the baseline survey among 45 694 participants of the Shanghai Women's Health Study aged 40-70 y who had no history of hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease at recruitment. Multiple regression models were used to estimate mean differences in BP associated with various intakes of soy foods. RESULTS Soy protein intake was inversely associated with both systolic BP (P for trend = 0.01) and diastolic BP (P for trend = 0.009) after adjustment for age, body mass index, and lifestyle and other dietary factors. The adjusted mean systolic BP was 1.9 mm Hg lower (95% CI: -3.0, -0.8 mm Hg) and the diastolic BP was 0.9 mm Hg lower (-1.6, -0.2 mm Hg) in women who consumed > or =25 g soy protein/d than in women consuming <2.5 g/d. The inverse associations became stronger with increasing age (P for interaction < 0.05 for both BPs). Among women >60 y old, the corresponding differences were -4.9 mm Hg (95% CI: -8.0, -1.9 mm Hg) for systolic BP and -2.2 mm Hg (95% CI: -3.8, -0.6 mm Hg) for diastolic BP. CONCLUSION Usual intake of soy foods was inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BPs, particularly among elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Yang
- Vanderbilt Center for Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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