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Keane JA, Ealy AD. An Overview of Reactive Oxygen Species Damage Occurring during In Vitro Bovine Oocyte and Embryo Development and the Efficacy of Antioxidant Use to Limit These Adverse Effects. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:330. [PMID: 38275789 PMCID: PMC10812430 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos has gained popularity worldwide and in recent years and its use for producing embryos from genetically elite heifers and cows has surpassed the use of conventional superovulation-based embryo production schemes. There are, however, several issues with the IVP of embryos that remain unresolved. One limitation of special concern is the low efficiency of the IVP of embryos. Exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one reason why the production of embryos with IVP is diminished. These highly reactive molecules are generated in small amounts through normal cellular metabolism, but their abundances increase in embryo culture because of oocyte and embryo exposure to temperature fluctuations, light exposure, pH changes, atmospheric oxygen tension, suboptimal culture media formulations, and cryopreservation. When uncontrolled, ROS produce detrimental effects on the structure and function of genomic and mitochondrial DNA, alter DNA methylation, increase lipid membrane damage, and modify protein activity. Several intrinsic enzymatic pathways control ROS abundance and damage, and antioxidants react with and reduce the reactive potential of ROS. This review will focus on exploring the efficiency of supplementing several of these antioxidant molecules on oocyte maturation, sperm viability, fertilization, and embryo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan D. Ealy
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
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Flow-cytometric analysis of membrane integrity of stallion sperm in the face of agglutination: the "zombie sperm" dilemma. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2465-2480. [PMID: 33991296 PMCID: PMC8490572 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the effect of sperm agglutination, associated with incubation under capacitating conditions, on accuracy of membrane assessment via flow cytometry and to develop methods to mitigate that effect. METHODS Sperm motility was measured by CASA. Sperm were stained with PI-PSA or a novel method, LD-PSA, using fixable live/dead stain and cell dissociation treatment, before flow-cytometric analysis. Using LD-PSA, acrosome reaction and plasma membrane status were determined in equine sperm treated with 10 μm A23187 for 10 min, followed by 0, 1, or 2 h incubation in capacitating conditions. RESULTS Using PI-PSA, measured membrane integrity (MI; live sperm) was dramatically lower than was total motility (TMOT), indicating spurious results ("zombie sperm"). Sperm aggregates were largely of motile sperm. Loss of motility after A23187 treatment was associated with disaggregation and increased MI. On disaggregation using LD-PSA, MI rose, and MI then corresponded with TMOT. In equine sperm incubated after A23187 treatment, as the percentage of live acrosome-reacted sperm increased, TMOT decreased to near 0. CONCLUSION Flow cytometry assesses only individualized sperm; thus, agglutination of viable sperm alters recorded membrane integrity. As viable sperm become immotile, they individualize; therefore, factors that decrease motility, such as A23187, result in increased measured MI. Disaggregation before assessment allows more accurate determination of sperm membrane status; in this case we documented a mismatch between motility and live acrosome-reacted equine sperm that may relate to the poor repeatability of A23187 treatment for equine IVF. These findings are of profound value to future studies on sperm capacitation.
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Ruiz-Díaz S, Oseguera-López I, De La Cuesta-Díaz D, García-López B, Serres C, Sanchez-Calabuig MJ, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Perez-Cerezales S. The Presence of D-Penicillamine during the In Vitro Capacitation of Stallion Spermatozoa Prolongs Hyperactive-Like Motility and Allows for Sperm Selection by Thermotaxis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091467. [PMID: 32825582 PMCID: PMC7552178 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in the horse still yield suboptimal results in terms of pregnancy rates. One of the reasons for this is the lack of optimal conditions for the sperm capacitation in vitro. This study assesses the use of synthetic human tubal fluid (HTF) supplemented with D-penicillamine (HTF + PEN) for the in vitro capacitation of frozen/thawed stallion spermatozoa by examining capacitation-related events over 180 min of incubation. Besides these events, we explored the in vitro capacity of the spermatozoa to migrate by thermotaxis and give rise to a population of high-quality spermatozoa. We found that HTF induced higher levels of hyperactive-like motility and protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) compared to the use of a medium commonly used in this species (Whitten's). Also, HTF + PEN was able to maintain this hyperactive-like motility, otherwise lost in the absence of PEN, for 180 min, and also allowed for sperm selection by thermotaxis in vitro. Remarkably, the selected fraction was enriched in spermatozoa showing PTP along the whole flagellum and lower levels of DNA fragmentation when compared to the unselected fraction (38% ± 11% vs 4.4% ± 1.1% and 4.2% ± 0.4% vs 11% ± 2% respectively, t-test p < 0.003, n = 6). This procedure of in vitro capacitation of frozen/thawed stallion spermatozoa in HTF + PEN followed by in vitro sperm selection by thermotaxis represents a promising sperm preparation strategy for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ruiz-Díaz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
- Mistral Fertility Clinics S.L., Clínica Tambre, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Oseguera-López
- Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - David De La Cuesta-Díaz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
| | - Belén García-López
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
| | - Consuelo Serres
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.); (M.J.S.-C.)
| | - Maria José Sanchez-Calabuig
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.); (M.J.S.-C.)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Serafin Perez-Cerezales
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (D.D.L.C.-D.); (B.G.-L.); (S.P.-C.)
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Uribe P, Meriño J, Bravo A, Zambrano F, Schulz M, Villegas JV, Sánchez R. Antioxidant effects of penicillamine against in vitro-induced oxidative stress in human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13553. [PMID: 32196709 DOI: 10.1111/and.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes importantly to the aetiology of male infertility, impairing sperm function. The protective effect of antioxidants on seminal parameters has been established, and the antioxidant penicillamine has shown beneficial effects; however, its protective effect on human spermatozoa exposed to oxidative stress has not been reported. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of penicillamine on human spermatozoa exposed in vitro to oxidative stress. First, the effect of penicillamine on spermatozoa from normozoospermic donors was evaluated. Then, the effect of penicillamine on spermatozoa exposed to oxidative stress induced separately by ionomycin and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was analysed. An untreated control and a control treated only with the oxidative stress inducer were included. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and motility were analysed. The results showed that penicillamine, added to the incubation medium, decreased the ROS levels induced by ionomycin and H2 O2 , and this effect was associated with better preservation of MMP, motility, and ATP levels. These results highlight the potential advantages of penicillamine supplementation of sperm culture medium, especially for semen samples with high ROS levels and also in circumstances where laboratory handling can cause an increase in ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Uribe
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan Meriño
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Anita Bravo
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fabiola Zambrano
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mabel Schulz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juana V Villegas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Leahy T, Rickard JP, Aitken RJ, de Graaf SP. Penicillamine prevents ram sperm agglutination in media that support capacitation. Reproduction 2016; 151:167-77. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ram spermatozoa are difficult to capacitate in vitro. Here we describe a further complication, the unreported phenomenon of head-to-head agglutination of ram spermatozoa following dilution in the capacitation medium Tyrodes plus albumin, lactate and pyruvate (TALP). Sperm agglutination is immediate, specific and persistent and is not associated with a loss of motility. Agglutination impedes in vitro sperm handling and analysis. So the objectives of this study were to investigate the cause of sperm agglutination and potential agents which may reduce agglutination. The percentage of non-agglutinated, motile spermatozoa increased when bicarbonate was omitted from complete TALP suggesting that bicarbonate ions stimulate the agglutination process. d-penicillamine (PEN), a nucleophilic thiol, was highly effective at reducing agglutination. The inclusion of 250 μM PEN in TALP reduced the incidence of motile, agglutinated spermatozoa from 76.7±2.7% to 2.8±1.4%. It was then assessed if PEN (1 mM) could be included in existing ram sperm capacitation protocols (TALP +1 mM dibutyryl cAMP, caffeine and theophylline) to produce spermatozoa that were simultaneously capacitated and non-agglutinated. This protocol resulted in a sperm population which displayed high levels of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and lipid disordered membranes (merocyanine-540) while remaining motile, viable, acrosome-intact and non-agglutinated. In summary, PEN (1 mM) can be included in ram sperm capacitation protocols to reduce sperm agglutination and allow for the in vitro assessment of ram sperm capacitation.
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Liquid storage of equine semen: Assessing the effect of d-penicillamine on longevity of ejaculated and epididymal stallion sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 159:155-62. [PMID: 26130601 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Short-term storage of equine sperm at 5°C in an extender containing milk and/or egg yolk components is common practice in the equine breeding industry. Sperm motility, viability, DNA integrity and, consequently, fertilizing ability decline over time, partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We investigated whether adding the anti-oxidant d-penicillamine to a commercial milk/egg yolk extender delayed the decrease in semen quality. Semen was recovered on four consecutive days from eight 3-year old Warmblood stallions. On day 5, seven of the stallions were castrated and sperm recovered from the caudae epididymides. Ejaculated samples were split, and one portion was centrifuged and re-suspended to reduce seminal plasma content. All samples were diluted to 50millionsperm/ml and divided into two portions, one of which was supplemented with 0.5mM d-penicillamine. After 48h, 96h, 144h and 192h storage, sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), viability by SYBR14/PI staining, and DNA integrity using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). d-Penicillamine had no effect on motility of ejaculated sperm (P>0.05) but reduced total and progressive motility of epididymal sperm. Sperm chromatin integrity was not influenced by storage time, seminal plasma or d-penicillamine. In short, adding d-penicillamine to a commercial semen extender was neither beneficial nor detrimental to the maintenance of quality in ejaculated semen stored at 5°C. The negative effect on motility of epididymal sperm may reflect differences in (membrane) physiology of spermatozoa that have not been exposed to seminal plasma.
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Kang SS, Koyama K, Huang W, Yang Y, Yanagawa Y, Takahashi Y, Nagano M. Addition of D-penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine (PHE) mixture to IVF medium maintains motility and longevity of bovine sperm and enhances stable production of blastocysts in vitro. J Reprod Dev 2014; 61:99-105. [PMID: 25501343 PMCID: PMC4410307 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to establish an efficient system for bovine embryo production by in vitro fertilization (IVF) that can achieve stable normal fertilization and blastocyst developmental rates in any bull without optimization of the sperm concentration in IVF medium. We examined the effects of a PHE mixture (20 μM D-penicillamine, 10 μM hypotaurine and 1 μM epinephrine), theophylline (2.5 mM), and sperm concentration (1, 2 or 5 × 106 cells/ml) on fertilization and blastocyst developmental rates. High cleavage rates (78.3 to 92.4%) and blastocyst developmental rates (31.9 to 62.0%) at day 7 were obtained in the presence of PHE and theophylline in IVF medium with a sperm concentration of 2 × 106 cells/ml using sperm from 9 bulls. In addition, the synergistic effect of PHE and theophylline on normal fertilization (2 pronuclei) was clarified at 12 h after IVF with a sperm concentration of 1 × 106 cells/ml. Moreover, high
linearity, high flagellar beat cross frequency, and low amplitude of lateral head of motile sperm were found by computer-assisted sperm analysis. In conclusion, the combination of the PHE mixture and theophylline synergistically accelerates sperm motility and sperm penetration of bovine oocytes. Theophylline activates sperm motility with increasing intracellular cAMP. However, PHE prevents an excessive increase of cAMP and maintains sperm motility without hyperactivation. When the combination of PHE and theophylline is added to IVF medium at a sperm concentration of 2 × 106 cells/ml, we can achieve stable normal fertilization and blastocyst development in any bull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sik Kang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Aitken RJ, Gibb Z, Mitchell LA, Lambourne SR, Connaughton HS, De Iuliis GN. Sperm Motility Is Lost In Vitro as a Consequence of Mitochondrial Free Radical Production and the Generation of Electrophilic Aldehydes but Can Be Significantly Rescued by the Presence of Nucleophilic Thiols1. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:110. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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The influence of sperm concentration, length of the gamete co-culture and the evolution of different sperm parameters on the in vitro fertilization of prepubertal goat oocytes. ZYGOTE 2010; 18:345-55. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199410000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe aims of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the influence of sperm concentration (ranging from 0.5 × 106 to 4 × 106 spermatozoa/ml) and length of the gamete co-incubation time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24 or 28 h) on in vitro fertilization (IVF), assessing the sperm penetration rate; (2) to investigate the kinetics of different semen parameters as motility, viability and acrosome status during the co-culture period; and (3) to analyse the effect of the presence of cumulus–oocytes complexes (COCs) on these parameters. To achieve these objectives, several experiments were carried out using in vitro matured oocytes from prepubertal goats. The main findings of this work are that: (1) in our conditions, the optimum sperm concentration is 4 × 106 sperm/ml, as this sperm:oocyte ratio (approximately 28,000) allowed us to obtain the highest penetration rate, without increasing polyspermy incidence; (2) the highest percentage of viable acrosome-reacted spermatozoa is observed between 8–12 h of gamete co-culture, while the penetration rate is maximum at 12 h of co-incubation; and (3) the presence of COCs seems to favour the acrosome reaction of free spermatozoa on IVF medium, but not significantly. In conclusion, we suggest that a gamete co-incubation for 12–14 h, with a concentration of 4 × 106 sperm/ml, would be sufficient to obtain the highest rate of penetration, reducing the exposure of oocytes to high levels of reactive oxygen species produced by spermatozoa, especially when a high sperm concentration is used to increase the caprine IVF outcome.
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Iwata H, Shiono H, Kon Y, Matsubara K, Kimura K, Kuwayama T, Monji Y. Effects of modification of in vitro fertilization techniques on the sex ratio of the resultant bovine embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 105:234-44. [PMID: 17391877 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The duration of sperm-oocyte co-incubation has been observed to affect the sex ratio of in vitro produced bovine embryos. The purpose of this study was to investigate some factors that may be responsible for the skewed sex ratio. The factors studied were selected combinations of the duration of co-incubation, the presence or absence of cumulus cells, and the level of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the culture medium. Experiment 1 examined the effect of selected combinations of different factors during the fertilization phase of in vitro oocyte culture. The factors were the nature of the sperm or its treatment, the duration of the sperm-oocyte co-incubation, and the level of hyaluronic acid in the culture medium. In experiment 2, the capacitation of frozen-thawed-Percoll-washed sperm (control), pre-incubated, and non-binding sperm was evaluated by the zona pellucida (ZP) binding assay and the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). The purpose of experiment 3 was to determine the oocyte cleavage rate and sex ratio of the embryos (>5 cells) produced as a consequence of the 10 treatments used in experiment 1. In treatments 1-3 (experiments 1 and 3) COC were co-cultured with sperm for 1, 5 or 18 h. Polyspermic fertilization rose as the co-incubation period increased (1 h 6.5%, 5 h 15.9%, 18 h 41.8%; P<0.05), and the highest rate of normal fertilization was observed for 5h culture (73.4%; P<0.05). The sex ratio was significantly (P<0.05) skewed from the expected 50:50 towards males following 1 h (64.4%) and 5 h (67.3%) co-incubation, but was not affected by 18 h incubation (52.3%). In treatment 4, sperm was pre-incubated for 1h and cultured with COC for 5 h. Relative to control sperm, pre-incubation of sperm increased ZP binding (116 versus 180 per ZP; P<0.05) and decreased the proportion of HOST positive sperm (65.8-48.6%; P<0.05; experiment 2). Pre-incubation did not affect the rates of polyspermy, normal fertilization or the sex ratio of the embryos (experiments 1 and 3). The oocytes used in treatments 5-10 of experiments 1 and 3 were denuded prior to fertilization. Co-incubation of denuded oocytes for 1h (treatment 5) or 5h (treatment 6) resulted in levels of polyspermic fertilization similar to that for treatment 2 with significantly lower levels of normal fertilization (41.7% and 52.6%, respectively; P<0.05), and the 1h co-incubation significantly skewed (P<0.05) the proportion of male embryos to 70.0%. Denuded oocytes were fertilized for 5h with sperm unable to bind to cumulus cells (NB sperm) in treatment 7 or those that bound to cumulus cells (B) in treatment 8. These two treatments had similar rates of polyspermic, normal and non-fertilization. However, the B sperm caused the sex ratio of the embryos to be significantly skewed to males (63.9%; P<0.05). Fertilization of denuded oocytes in medium containing hyaluronic acid (0.1 mg/ml, treatment 9; 1.0 mg/ml treatment 10) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the incidence of polyspermic fertilization relative to treatments 2 and 6, and normal fertilization relative to treatment 2, but did not affect the sex ratio of the embryos. It was concluded that exposure of sperm to cumulus cells, either before fertilization of denuded oocytes or during the process of fertilization of complete COC, increased the proportion of male embryos produced by in vitro culture. It was hypothesized that this may be due to the capacitation state of the sperm, the cumulus-sperm interaction, and/or the ability of the sperm to bind to cumulus cells or oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iwata
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Kanagawa Prefecture, Atsugi City, Japan.
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Suzuki H, Saito Y, Kagawa N, Yang X. In vitro fertilization and polyspermy in the pig: factors affecting fertilization rates and cytoskeletal reorganization of the oocyte. Microsc Res Tech 2003; 61:327-34. [PMID: 12811737 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polyspermy is a common phenomenon in the pig. Extensive information has become available from in vitro studies on not only the quality of oocytes but also the quality of spermatozoa. However, little information is available on the relative penetration rates of fresh and frozen spermatozoa from the same ejaculate from boars of different breeds. The present results, based on a total of 15 boars of three different breeds, revealed that the inter-breed variation in fertilization and polyspermic rates is larger than intra-breed variation. It was also shown that the incidence of polyspermy as well as penetration rate was greatly decreased by freezing and thawing, even if a higher number of sperm was coincubated with cumulus-free oocytes for a longer period compared to fresh sperm of the same ejaculate. This study focuses on the cytoskeletal organization of the oocyte with respect to the status of cumulus investment, and monospermic and polyspermic fertilization. The status of cumulus cells correlated with the density of transzonal cumulus-cell processes and with the maturation rate of oocytes and, to some degrees, the incidence of polyspermy. Polyspermic zygotes formed multiple microtubule domains in association with individual male pronuclei (PN), but in a high degree of polyspermy (more than trispermy), the pronuclear apposition did not proceed. The effect of multiple PN of paternal and maternal origin on the cytoskeletal reorganization is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan.
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Sutovsky P, Motlik J, Neuber E, Pavlok A, Schatten G, Palecek J, Hyttel P, Adebayo OT, Adwan K, Alberio R, Bagis H, Bataineh Z, Bjerregaard B, Bodo S, Bryja V, Carrington M, Couf M, de la Fuente R, Diblik J, Esner M, Forejt J, Fulka J, Geussova G, Gjorret JO, Libik M, Hampl A, Hassane MS, Houshmand M, Hozak P, Jezova M, Kania G, Kanka J, Kandil OM, Kishimoto T, Klima J, Kohoutek J, Kopska T, Kubelka M, Lapathitis G, Laurincik J, Lefevre B, Mihalik J, Novakova M, Oko R, Omelka R, Owiny D, Pachernik J, Pacholikova J, Peknicova J, Pesty A, Ponya Z, Preclikova H, Sloskova A, Svoboda P, Strejcek F, Toth S, Tepla O, Valdivia M, Vodicka P, Zudova D. Accumulation of the proteolytic marker peptide ubiquitin in the trophoblast of mammalian blastocysts. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2002; 3:157-61. [PMID: 11945225 DOI: 10.1089/153623001753205115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a universal protein degradation pathway in which the molecules of 8.5-kDa proteolytic peptide ubiquitin are covalently attached to the epsilon-amino group of the substrate's lysine residues. Little is known about the importance of this highly conserved mechanism for protein recycling in mammalian gametogenesis and fertilization. The data obtained by the students and faculty of the international training course Window to the Zygote 2000 demonstrate the accumulation of ubiquitin-cross-reactive structures in the trophoblast, but not in the inner cell mass of the expanding bovine and mouse blastocysts. This observation suggests that a major burst of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis occurs in the trophoblast of mammalian peri-implantation embryos. This event may be important for the success of blastocyst hatching, differentiation of embryonic stem cells into soma and germ line, and/or implantation in both naturally conceived and reconstructed mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sutovsky
- Windows to the Zygote 2000: UNESCO-ICRO International Training Course in Cell and Molecular Biology of Gametes, Fertilization, and Early Embryonic Development. The Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Dode MAN, Rodovalho NC, Ueno VG, Fernandes CE. The effect of sperm preparation and co-incubation time on in vitro fertilization of Bos indicus oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2002; 69:15-23. [PMID: 11755713 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(01)00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various methods of sperm selection and various sperm-oocyte co-incubation times on in vitro fertilization (IVF) of zebu (Bos indicus) oocytes. Frozen semen from one ejaculate of a single bull was used for all treatments and replicates. After thawed, sperm was subjected to one of the three treatments: 45 and 90% discontinuous Percoll gradient, swim-up and washing by centrifugation. In all treatments, the spermatozoa were incubated with in vitro matured oocytes for 3, 6, 12 and 18h. After co-incubation oocytes were transferred to the culture medium and culture for 44h, when the cleavage was evaluated. The uncleavaged oocytes were fixed and stained to determine penetration, pronucleus formation and polyspermy. The sperm selection method did not influence (P<0.05) polyspermy, pronucleus formation, penetration and cleavage rates. No interaction between method of selection and sperm-oocyte co-incubation time was observed (P>0.05). However, sperm-oocyte co-incubation time affected fertilization. The lower penetration (26.5%) and cleavage rates (13.1%) were obtained at 3-h period. The penetration and cleavage percentages increased (P<0.05) progressively at 6h (63.3 and 54.4%) and 12h (77.6 and 67.6%). No differences (P>0.05) were observed between 12 and 18h of incubation for penetration and cleavage rates. The incidence of polyspermy and pronucleus formation was similar (P>0.05) for all time points. It is concluded that the methods used in this study for sperm selection do not affect fertilization; therefore, they all can be used for bovine IVF. In addition, regardless the method used better fertilization results were obtained when sperm and oocytes were co-incubated for 12h, and the prolongation of that time for up to 18h had no detrimental effect on fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A N Dode
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Rodovia Br 262 km 4, Caixa Postal 154, CEP, 79002-970, MS, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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