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de Sousa Sales JN, Vicente MP, Carvalho LR, Lemos LA, Souza Simões LM, Alcantara Colli MH, Gonçales Junior WA, Ayres H, Vieira LM, Mingoti RD, Barbuio JP. Is estradiol valerate an alternative to estradiol benzoate in promoting the synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in suckled Bos indicus beef cows? Theriogenology 2024; 218:56-61. [PMID: 38301507 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estradiol valerate administered at the beginning of the ovulation synchronization protocol on the pregnancy rate of Bos indicus cows. In the experiments, the following products from MSD, Sao Paulo, Brazil were used: estradiol valerate (EV), estradiol benzoate (EB), intravaginal progesterone device (P4), estradiol cypionate (EC), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and cloprostenol (PGF). In Experiment 1, Bos indicus cows (n=899) with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.76 ± 0.01 were included in a 3 (device) × 2 (protocol: 5 mg of EV or 2 mg of EB) factorial design. There were three types of P4 devices: a new device (New), a device previously used for 9 days (1×), and a device previously used for 18 days (2×). Nine days later (D9), the P4 device was removed, and cows received 300 IU of eCG. In addition, cows in the EB group received 1 mg of EC and 265 μg of PGF. Timed artificial insemination (TAI) was performed 48 h after P4 device removal in the EB group (TAI48) and 54 h after P4 device removal in the EV group (TAI54). In Experiment 2, Bos indicus cows (n=434) with a BCS of 2.62 ± 0.01 received a new P4 device or one previously used for 9 days and 5 mg of EV. On D9, all cows received 300 IU of eCG, and the P4 devices were removed and distributed in TAI48 and TAI54 cows. In Experiment 3, Bos indicus cows (n=429) with a BCS of 2.80 ± 0.01 were divided into the control and EV/EC groups. All cows received a P4 device. In addition, cows in the control group received 2 mg of EB, and cows in the EV/EC group received 5 mg of EV on D0. On D9, all cows received 1 mg of EC and 300 IU of eCG, and the P4 devices were removed. Cows in the control group also received 265 μg of PGF. All cows were inseminated 48 h after the removal of the P4 device. In Experiment 1, there was no effect of the interaction between protocol and P4 device on the occurrence of estrus (P=0.45) or on the pregnancy per artificial insemination ratio (P/AI; P=0.30). In addition, the occurrence of estrus and P/AI were not different between in the two estradiol groups (P=0.12 and P=0.82) and across the types of intravaginal P4 device (P=0.91 and P=0.47). In Experiment 2, the pregnancy rate was lower (tendency) in TAI48 cows (P=0.07). In Experiment 3, the estrus rate (P=0.12) and P/AI (P=0.56) were similar between the experimental groups. In summary, protocols using estradiol valerate without exogenous ovulation induction require adjustments in the timing of AI from 48 to 54 h after P4 device removal. However, a combination of estradiol valerate at the beginning of the protocol and estradiol cypionate nine days later successfully induced ovulation in Bos indicus cows inseminated 48 h after P4 device removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Nélio de Sousa Sales
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Laís Reis Carvalho
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Araújo Lemos
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Henderson Ayres
- MSD - Merck Sharp and Dohme Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Simões LMS, Lima EA, Carvalho LR, Martínez MBP, Zanatta GM, Santos MFO, Machado AB, Dias MM, Guerreiro BM, Freitas BG, Bastos MR, Sales JNS. Exposure to progesterone before an ovulation synchronization protocol increases the follicular diameter and fertility of multiparous suckled Bos taurus cows. Theriogenology 2024; 218:239-243. [PMID: 38359562 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administering injectable progesterone (P4i) before a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol on the follicular growth, ovulation, and pregnancy rate of Bos taurus suckled cows. The effect of P4i administration before the TAI on the pregnancy rate (P/AI) was evaluated in 576 suckled Bos taurus cows at 30-90 days postpartum. In addition, the effect of P4i administration before TAI on follicular dynamics was evaluated in subgroup of 401 suckled Bos taurus cows. On Day -10 (D-10), cows were divided into two experimental groups (Control and P4i). In this moment, P4i cows received i.m. 150 mg of injectable long-action progesterone. After that, both experimental groups received a synchronization protocol (Day 0; D0) that consisted of administration i.m. of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a progesterone intravaginal insert on D0. On Day 8 (D8), the progesterone insert was removed, and the cows received 500 μg of cloprostenol, 400 IU of eCG, and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate. TAI was performed 48 h after the removal of the progesterone insert. The ultrasound exams were performed in a subgroup of cows on Days 0, 8, 10 and 12 to evaluate the diameter of the largest follicle, rate of follicular growth and risks of single and double ovulation. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 days after TAI in all cows to determine the pregnancy rate. The diameter of the largest follicle, on D10 (P = 0.84), rate of follicular growth (P = 0.14), ovulation rate (P = 0.40) and double ovulation rates (P = 0.23) did not differ between experimental groups. The pregnancy rate was greater in the P4i group [Control 46.2 % (133/288) vs. P4i 55.6 % (160/288); P = 0.03]. The diameter of the largest follicles (LF) on D0 (Control 11.6 ± 0.2 vs. P4i 13.3 ± 0.3) was greater (P = 0.01) in the P4i group. In conclusion, injectable progesterone before the ovulation synchronization protocol increased the diameter of the largest follicle on the D0 and the pregnancy rate in multiparous Bos taurus suckled beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Simões
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - E A Lima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - L R Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - M B P Martínez
- National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - G M Zanatta
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - M F O Santos
- Ritter dos Reis University Center (UniRitter), Porto Alegre, RS, 91240-261, Brazil
| | | | - M M Dias
- Genex, São Carlos, SP, 13563-002, Brazil
| | - B M Guerreiro
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, SP, 14140-000, Brazil
| | - B G Freitas
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, SP, 14140-000, Brazil
| | - M R Bastos
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, SP, 14140-000, Brazil
| | - J N S Sales
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, MG, 36010-041, Brazil
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Perry GA. Considerations for Using Natural Service with Estrous Synchronization Programs. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024; 40:167-178. [PMID: 37684110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrous synchronization, coupled with natural service, provides the benefit of female cows conceiving early, but there are an increased number of females expressing estrus in a short period of time. Thus, considerations need to be made for the bull. Select a protocol that will distribute estrus over a longer period of time and ensure bulls pass a breeding soundness examination. Mature bulls (3 years old or older) have increased efficiency in getting cows pregnant compared with younger bulls; therefore, a ratio of 1 mature bull to 25 cows is a good recommendation within an estrous synchronized herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Perry
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 1710 FM 3053 N, Overton, TX 75684, USA.
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Sartori R, Consentini CEC, Alves RLOR, Silva LO, Wiltbank MC. Review: Manipulation of follicle development to improve fertility of cattle in timed-artificial insemination programs. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100769. [PMID: 37567674 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an ovulatory follicle is a fundamental premise for any reproductive management program that aims to optimize fertility in cattle. Controlling follicular development comprises the synchronized emergence of a new follicular wave, selection and growth of the dominant follicle, and synchronized ovulation of a high-quality oocyte. All these follicular events, primarily driven by gonadotropin secretion, occur under a very dynamic hormonal environment. In this sense, controlling follicular development demands essentially a precise manipulation of the hormonal environment to modulate gonadotropin secretion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of hormonal manipulation strategies in the management of follicular development depends on specific particularities of each situation, which can vary widely according to genetic groups (Bos taurus vs Bos indicus), nutritional, metabolic, and reproductive status. In this regard, the constant search for the refined synchrony between the hormonal treatments and reproductive events, considering these distinctions and particularities, have provided valuable information that contributed to the development of efficient reproductive programs. This manuscript discusses the physiological bases behind the development of fine-tuned timed-artificial insemination protocols for beef and dairy cattle that resulted in great improvements in reproductive efficiency of beef and dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sartori
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - C E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - R L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L O Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Nishimura TK, da Silva AG, Abitante G, Dahlen CR, Goulart RS, Zamudio GDR, Luz Silva S, Santana MHDA, Saran Netto A, Leme PR, Pugliesi G. Effects of early weaning on the reproductive performance of suckled Nelore cows in the subsequent breeding season. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad330. [PMID: 37777868 PMCID: PMC10642726 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of early weaning (EW) on body composition, hormone concentrations and metabolites, and reproductive performance of Nelore cows in the subsequent breeding season (BS). Suckled cows that became pregnant by timed-AI (TAI) in the 2020-BS were exposed in 2021 to early weaning at 150 d (27 primiparous [PRI] and 74 multiparous [MUL]) or conventional weaning (CW) at 240 d postpartum (30 PRI and 77 MUL). Body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were determined at 2020-BS, EW, CW, prepartum, and 2021-BS. Blood samples were collected at EW, CW, prepartum (54.75 ± 0.56 d prepartum), and 2021-TAI and assayed for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations. In 2021-BS, cows were exposed to a P4/E2-based protocol for TAI at day 0 (D0), and a second TAI was performed at D22 in females detected with luteolysis (D20) by Doppler ultrasound. The presence of corpus luteum (CL) on D10, estrous expression, and dominant follicle (DF) diameter, and blood perfusion (BP) on D2 and D0 were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or logistic regression of SAS as a 2 × 2 factorial with main factors of parity (PRI or MUL) and weaning strategy (EW or CW). An interaction of parity and weaning strategy was not observed (P > 0.1), but the weight (kg) and BCS were greater (P < 0.05) in MUL cows at the five timepoints, and EW cows were heavier than CW at the moment of CW (541 vs. 493 kg; and 5.3 vs. 4.3), prepartum (551 vs. 506 kg; and 5.2 vs. 4.4) and 2021-BS (475 vs. 450 kg; and 4.5 vs. 3.7). Plasma urea concentration at 2021-BS was greater (P = 0.01) for PRI than for MUL. A parity-by-time interaction was observed (P ≤ 0.05) for concentrations of IGF-I, NEFA, and BHB. PRI cows had greater (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of IGF-I at EW and greater (P ≤ 0.05) prepartum concentrations of NEFA and BHB than MUL cows. The proportion of cows with CL at D10 was not affected (P > 0.1) by weaning but was greater (P < 0.05) in MUL than in PRI cows (40.4 vs. 15.7%). The diameter of DF and proportion of BP on D0 were greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows than in CW cows. The pregnancy rate (P/AI, %) at the first TAI was greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows (60% vs. 45%), whereas no difference (P > 0.1) was observed at the second TAI. Cumulative P/AI (first and second TAIs) was greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows (81% vs. 63%). In conclusion, weaning at 150 d in Nelore cattle is a strategy to successfully recover the parous cow's body condition and to improve pregnancy success in the next BS, regardless of the cow's parity order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Kan Nishimura
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Guimarães da Silva
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Abitante
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Carl Robertson Dahlen
- North Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Rodrigo Silva Goulart
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Germán Darío Ramírez Zamudio
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Saulo Luz Silva
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Miguel Henrique de Almeida Santana
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Arlindo Saran Netto
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Leme
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
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Rossignolo EADA, Silva NCD, Stolf RL, Cavalieri FLB, Colombo AHB, Andreazzi MA, Seneda MM, Morotti F. Evaluation of hCG as gonadotropic support to timed embryo transfer protocol in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2023; 195:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Redifer CA, Loy DD, Youngs CR, Wang C, Meyer AM, Tucker HA, Gunn PJ. Evaluation of peripartum supplementation of methionine hydroxy analogue on beef cow-calf performance. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad046. [PMID: 37256190 PMCID: PMC10226683 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of peripartum supplementation of a methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) to primiparous, spring-calving beef females on dam and progeny performance. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by expected parturition date, stratified by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), and randomized to 1 of 15 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: a basal diet supplemented with 0 (M0), 15 (M15), or 30 (M30) g/animal/d of MHA (provided as MFP feed supplement, Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO). Diets were fed from 45 ± 13 (SD) d pre-calving through 81 ± 13 d postpartum (DPP), after which all cow-calf pairs were managed as a single group on pasture until weaning (199 ± 13 DPP). Dam BW, BCS, and blood samples were taken at 6 predetermined timepoints. Progeny data were collected at birth, 2 intermediate timepoints, and at weaning. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis at 7 ± 2 DPP and at 55 ± 5 DPP. Serial progesterone samples were analyzed to establish resumption of cyclicity, and ultrasonography was performed at 55 ± 5 DPP to evaluate ovarian function. Cows were bred via artificial insemination at 82 ± 13 DPP and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 55-d breeding season. Pen was the experimental unit, and preplanned orthogonal contrasts were tested (linear effect and M0 vs. M15 + M30). Dam BW and BCS were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.29) throughout the study. Week 1 milk fat concentration increased linearly (P = 0.05) and total solids tended to increase linearly (P = 0.07) as MHA increased; however, no other milk components were affected (P ≥ 0.16). Treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.16) dam reproductive parameters or progeny growth from birth until weaning. Post-calving, circulating methionine equivalents tended to linearly increase (P = 0.10) with increasing MHA supplementation. At breeding, plasma urea N linearly decreased (P = 0.03) with increased supplementation of MHA, and plasma non-esterified fatty acids were less (P = 0.04) in MHA-supplemented dams compared with dams receiving no MHA. Maternal circulating glucose, glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were not affected (P ≥ 0.15) by treatment at any point. These data indicate that peripartum supplementation of MHA may increase milk fat composition shortly after calving, but MHA supplementation did not improve progeny growth or dam reproductive performance in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby A Redifer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Daniel D Loy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Curtis R Youngs
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Allison M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Equine chorionic gonadotropin administered on day 5 of a 7-days fixed-time artificial insemination program improves ovulation synchrony and corpus luteum function in anestrous beef cows. Theriogenology 2023; 195:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Influence of feed restriction and subsequent recovery on lactating Charolais cows. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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E Silva LO, Valenza A, Alves RLOR, Silvestri M, Contini MC, Motta JCL, Drum JN, de Souza AH, Sartori R. Progesterone release profile and follicular development in Nelore cows receiving intravaginal progesterone devices. Theriogenology 2022; 178:77-84. [PMID: 34801768 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the progesterone (P4) release profile provided by four commercially available intravaginal P4 devices, as well as the effect of circulating P4 concentrations exclusively from these devices on the development of the dominant follicle (DF) in Nelore (Bos indicus) cows. Therefore, non-lactating multiparous Nelore cows were enrolled in an experimental design, over three replicates, starting on Day -9 with the insertion of a reused P4 device (2 g - original P4 load) for 7 d, followed by two treatments of cloprostenol sodium (PGF; 0.482 mg), 24 h apart, on Days -3 and -2. Just before device removal, on Day -2, a norgestomet ear implant was inserted and, 2 d later (Day 0), at the time of norgestomet withdrawal, cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the intravaginal devices: Primer (0.5 g); Prociclar (0.75 g); Sincrogest (1 g); or CIDR (1.9 g), and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) im. Blood samples were collected immediately before P4 device insertion, 12 h later and daily over 15 d (1 d after P4 device removal). Ultrasound examinations were performed on Days 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 14 to evaluate ovarian dynamics. Results are presented as mean ± SEM and differences were considered when P ≤ 0.05. Overall, the devices resulted in distinct circulating P4 concentrations over 10 d, varying according to their initial P4 load and P4 impregnated surface area. Primer provided the lowest circulating P4 concentrations over time, whereas, CIDR had the greatest concentration. Sincrogest and Prociclar were similar, producing intermediary circulating P4. There was no effect of treatment on the DF diameter on any specific day, nor on follicular growth rate from Day 7-10. However, the Primer device resulted in a greater mean DF diameter over time. Additionally, greater circulating P4 concentrations, mainly during the first 3 d of device insertion, were associated with smaller DF diameters regardless of the treatment. In conclusion, results from this study provided a better understanding of the P4 profile of intravaginal P4 devices, as well as, their effect on DF development in Bos indicus cows. These data contribute to optimize the use of P4 devices in the reproductive management of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Oliveira E Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jéssica Cristina Lemos Motta
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Nora Drum
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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11
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Changes in the suckling behaviour of beef calves at 1 month and 4 months of age and effect on cow production variables. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Noronha IM, Cooke RF, Martins CFG, Oliveira Filho RV, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Administering an additional prostaglandin F 2α injection to Bos indicus beef cows during a treatment regimen for fixed-time artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106535. [PMID: 32828410 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate if an additional prostaglandin F2α (PG) injection during an estradiol-based estrous synchronization treatment regimen affects pregnancy rates resulting from fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Nelore cows. In Experiment 1, 1039 cows were administered estradiol benzoate and an intravaginal progesterone releasing device (CIDR) on d -11, an injection of PG on d -4, with CIDR removal and administration of estradiol cypionate and eCG occurring on d -2, and FTAI on d 0. Cows were administered an additional injection of PG (PG2) or saline (PG1) on d -2. Percentage pregnancy per FTAI on d 30 was greater (P = 0.01) in cows of the PG2 than PG1 group (54.5 % and 46.6 %, respectively). In Experiment 2, there was use of the same treatment regimen for estrous synchronization of 934 cows as that for Experiment 1 followed by FTAI, with there being diagnosis of whether cows had or did not have a corpus luteum on d -4. Response to estrous synchronization, largest follicle diameter at FTAI, and pregnancy per FTAI were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in cows of the PG2 than PG1 group with a body condition score (BCS) < 5.0 at FTAI (81.2 % and 72.6 %, 11.9 and 11.2 mm, 55.5 and 45.6 %; respectively). These treatment responses did not differ (P ≥ 0.18) in cows with BCS ≥ 5.0. Collectively, results indicate that treatment with PG2 increased pregnancy per FTAI in B. indicus cows deficient in body energy reserves, by enhancing follicle development and estrous synchronization response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Noronha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - José L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil.
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Sales JNDS, Simões LMS, Orlandi RE, Lima EA, Santos APC, Bottino MP, da Silva LACL, de Souza JC, Dias MM, Massoneto JPM, Scandiuzzi LA, Freitas BG, Guerreiro BM, Bastos MR. Pre-TAI protocol strategies to increase reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy cows. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:402-410. [PMID: 32435284 PMCID: PMC7234102 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation synchronization protocols are well established in beef and dairy cows. However, the protocol response rate is around 70-90%. In beef cows, factors such as inadequate nutrition and calf presence negatively impact the response of progesterone (P4)/estradiol-based ovulation synchronization protocols by interfering with GnRH release and consequently reducing LH pulsatility and final follicular development. In dairy cows, protocols based on GnRH and prostaglandin (Ovsynch) are the most widely used in the world. However, the efficiency of Ovsynch is dependent on the presence of a large follicle at the time of administration of the first GnRH. In these ovulation synchronization protocols, pre-synchronization protocols (Prostaglandins, Double Ovsynch and P4synch) are usually attempted in an effort to increase responses. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss pre-ovulation synchronization strategies (administration of injectable P4 or energetic/protein supplementation or pre-synchronization with intra-vaginal progesterone devices) aiming to increase the LH pulsatility in beef cows or induce the formation of a GnRH-responsive follicle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.
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KHAN MH, PERUMAL P, HAZARIKA SB, EZUNG E. Exogenous kisspeptin (kp-10) resumes cyclicity in postpartum anestrus mithun cows. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i8.93012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Present study was conducted to assess the effect of exogenous kisspeptin administration on estrus induction, Kiss1gene expression, endocrinological profiles and follicular development in post partum (PP) anestrus mithun cows. Animals who failed to resume cyclicity after day 90–100 of parturition were selected. Experimental cows were examined thoroughly through per-rectal as well as ultrasonograpic examination to confirm the anestrous status. PP anestrous healthy mithun cows (12), aged 5–6 years (body condition score: 5–6 of 10) were selected with uniform anestrus status and randomly divided into 2 groups namely treatment (Gr I) and control (Gr II), each group consist 6 cows. Anestrus cows in Gr 1 were injected with kisspeptin @ 1.30 μg per kg body weight at 3 day interval for 21 days after 90–100 days of post parturition whereas in control group, normal saline was injected as placebo. Blood samples were collected on the days of injection and at estrus in both the groups. Trans-rectal ultrasonography was done at 3 days interval till onset of estrus and ovulation to study the follicular development. Exogenous kisspeptin administration caused significantly early resumption of cyclicity in treatment as compared to control (24.64±10.43 vs 66.56±14.66 days) and significantly increased kiss1 and GPR54 mRNA expression in treatment as compared to control on the day of estrus (1.943±0.29 vs 0.424±0.062 and 1.84±0.31 vs 0.416±0.082, respectively). Similarly, circulating level of estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increased gradually after exogenous administration of kisspeptin, which reached peak on the day of estrus in treatment group (25.36±1.27 pg/ml and 15.65±1.22 ng/ml, respectively) whereas no significant difference was observed between days of treatment in control group except on the day of estrus (11.29±1.76 pg/ml and 9.86±1.06 ng/ml, respectively). Level of estradiol and FSH on the day of estrus was significantly higher in treatment as compared to control whereas non-significant difference was observed in plasma progesterone concentration. Number of medium and large follicles increased in treatment whereas only small follicles were observed in control group. Improved endocrinological profiles, follicle development and kiss gene profiles in post partum anestrous mithun cows following exogenous kisspeptin indicates that kisspeptin inducted or resumed the cyclicity in early.
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Domínguez-Muñoz MA, Guerra-Puga JA, Berrones-Morales HG, López-Zavala R, Salinas-Chavira J. Effects of body condition and supplementation on ovarian function, growth factors and response to estrus synchronization in postpartum beef cows in Tamaulipas, Mexico. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2019.1648546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Domínguez-Muñoz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - José Armando Guerra-Puga
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - Hossana Guadalupe Berrones-Morales
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - Rigoberto López-Zavala
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
| | - Jaime Salinas-Chavira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Victoria, Tam., Mexico
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Smythe BG, Wise ME, Cibils AF, VanLeeuwen D, Summers AF, Fletcher MG, Scholljegerdes EJ. Growth and Reproductive Performance of Rangeland Beef-Cattle as Influenced by Controlled and Uncontrolled Populations of Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:969-973. [PMID: 30517662 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 4-yr study was conducted on native rangeland to assess the growth and reproductive performance of cows (Bos taurus) infested with naturally occurring seasonal populations of horn flies (Haematobia irritans). One hundred five Angus × Hereford cow-calf pairs were evaluated as a randomized complete block that was replicated across 4 yr. Cows were approximately 39 d postpartum at the beginning of each yearly trial and were randomly allocated to either an untreated control (UTC) or an insecticide-treated (TRT) herd. Horn fly populations were monitored throughout each yearly replication and blood serum progesterone levels were used to estimate postpartum interval lengths and days to pregnancy. Initial body weights of cows were collected in May with final body weights and calf weaning weights acquired in October of each year. Monthly horn fly control ranged from 85.55 to 99.57% throughout the 4 yr. Cows within UTC herds maintained on average 530.10 ± 94.74 more (P = 0.0015) flies per animal than TRT. However, no differences were detected between treatment groups for any of the reproductive parameters evaluated (P > 0.05). Despite a lack of difference in the reproductive parameters measured, TRT cows gained more (P = 0.0492) weight throughout the fly seasons when compared to UTC cattle. Furthermore, calves paired with insecticide-treated cows tended (P = 0.0680) to wean 16.28 ± 8.04 kg heavier than calves paired with cows exposed to naturally occurring horn fly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Smythe
- Center for Animal Health & Food Safety, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Mark E Wise
- Center for Animal Health & Food Safety, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Andres F Cibils
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Dawn VanLeeuwen
- Economics, Applied Statistics & International Business Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Adam F Summers
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | | | - Eric J Scholljegerdes
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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D'Occhio MJ, Baruselli PS, Campanile G. Influence of nutrition, body condition, and metabolic status on reproduction in female beef cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2019; 125:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Xavier EG, Galina CS, Pimentel CA, Rechsteiner SF, Maquivar M. Calf presence and estrous response, ovarian follicular activity and the pattern of luteinizing hormone in postpartum Bos indicus cows. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:1208-1213. [PMID: 34221134 PMCID: PMC8203114 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present experiment was to assess the effect of temporary weaning on the onset of estrus, ovarian follicular activity and secretion of luteinizing hormone in Bos indicus cows. Forty six mature cows were divided into three groups 1) calves were weaned for 72 h allowing auditory, olfactory and visual contact with their dams (VISUAL, n = 17), 2) calves without contact with their dams for 72 h (NC, n = 17) and 3) calves not weaned and in constant contact with their dams (CTRL, n = 12). Estrus was synchronized in all cows using CIDR for 9 days plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate given at CIDR insertion. The VISUAL group had a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of cows in estrus (76.5%) compared to the CTRL group (16.7%), but no differences were found when compared to the NC group (58.8%). The VISUAL group had a greater proportion of animal that ovulated (76.5%) compared to CTRL (33.3%) and NC groups (64.7%; P = 0.059). Duration of estrus was shorter (P = 0.04) in the VISUAL (8.4 ± 4.4 hours) than in the NC (12.9 ± 13.4 hours) however, CTRL treatment (11 ± 1.4 hours) was not different from either of these two groups. LH concentration after implant removal was similar among treatments and started to increase at 36 h post CIDR removal. Only in the CTRL group was there an obvious increase by 54 h after implant removal. Follicular size increased in diameter from 36 h and were evident in treatments and control groups by 60 h (P < 0.05). The VISUAL treatment increased the number of cows ovulating and shortened the length of estrus. VISUAL and NC groups showed a similar response in follicular growth and pattern of circulating LH because of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Salvador Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia,UNAM, México
| | | | | | - Martin Maquivar
- Department of Animal Sciences. Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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19
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Bonamy M, de Iraola JJ, Baldo A, Prando A, Giovambattista G, Munilla S. Early rather than late scrotal circumference measurements better reflect female precocity in beef cattle. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Damiran D, Larson KA, Pearce LT, Erickson NE, Lardner BHA. Effect of calving period on beef cow longevity and lifetime productivity in western Canada. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 2:S61-S65. [PMID: 32704738 PMCID: PMC7200576 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daalkhaijav Damiran
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Western Beef Development Centre, Humboldt, SK, Canada
| | | | - Leah T Pearce
- Western Beef Development Centre, Humboldt, SK, Canada
| | - Nathan E Erickson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bart H A Lardner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Western Beef Development Centre, Humboldt, SK, Canada
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21
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Simões L, Orlandi R, Massoneto J, Scandiuzzi L, Freitas B, Bastos M, Souza J, Sales J. Exposure to progesterone previous to the protocol of ovulation synchronization increases the follicular diameter and the fertility of suckled Bos indicus cows. Theriogenology 2018; 116:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Prata AB, Drum JN, Melo LF, Araujo ER, Sartori R. Effect of different chorionic gonadotropins on final growth of the dominant follicle in Bos indicus cows. Theriogenology 2018; 111:52-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Prata AB, Pontes GC, Monteiro PLJ, Drum JN, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. Equine chorionic gonadotropin increases fertility of grazing dairy cows that receive fixed-time artificial insemination in the early but not later postpartum period. Theriogenology 2017; 98:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Shane DD, Larson RL, Sanderson MW, Miesner M, White BJ. A deterministic, dynamic systems model of cow-calf production: The effects of the duration of postpartum anestrus on production parameters over a 10-year horizon. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1680-1695. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Teixeira HCA, Barbosa EA, Souto PLG, Mariante ADS, Ramos AF. Postpartum hormone and energy profiles and their influence on the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Curraleiro Pé-Duro cows. Theriogenology 2017; 95:133-140. [PMID: 28460667 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate hormone and energy profiles in the postpartum period and to correlate these profiles with the resumption of ovarian cyclicity, as well as characterizing the postpartum short estrous cycle of Curraleiro Pé-Duro cows. Twelve Curraleiro Pé-Duro cows were examined via rectal palpation and ultrasound at 10 days postpartum, and subsequently examined daily to evaluate the resumption of ovarian cyclicity as well as every five days in order to evaluate uterine involution. Upon analysis of the data, it was possible to observe the formation of two distinct groups, one of which was comprised of those animals which returned to cyclicity within 60 days postpartum and another comprised of those animals which returned to cyclicity more than 105 days postpartum. Therefore, animals were divided into two groups; precocious, designated Ov Group, and delayed, designated NOv Group, wherein the cut-off time for all tests was 60 days postpartum. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between the groups occurred only regarding the day of 1st ovulation, which in the Ov Group averaged 51.4 ± 9.3 days and in the NOv Group averaged 138.3 ± 19.8 days postpartum. The other postpartum short estrous cycle variables assessed did not show statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the groups. NEFA, BHBA and thyroxine concentration levels did not differ (P > 0.05) between the groups in any of the statistical analyses. However, in the analysis comparing growth curves, triglycerides levels were higher for the Ov Group (P = 0.04) and cholesterol levels were higher for the NOv Group (P = 0.02). In this experiment, a small influence of a negative energy balance between the groups was observed, suggesting that these animals can present significant genetic variability due to natural selection, as evidenced by the formation of groups of animals with precocious and delayed reproductive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Castro Alves Teixeira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil; University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Araújo Barbosa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil; University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Paula Lorenna Grangeira Souto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil; University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Marciniak E, Hasiec M, Fülöp F, Misztal T. Salsolinol-a potential inhibitor of the gonadotropic axis in sheep during lactation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 58:97-103. [PMID: 27792889 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that salsolinol, a derivative of dopamine, affects GnRH and LH secretion in lactating sheep. In the in vivo experiment, the structural analogue of salsolinol, 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (1-MeDIQ), was infused into the infundibular nucleus-median eminence of sheep at the fifth wk of lactation to antagonize salsolinol's action. Simultaneously, cerebrospinal fluid from the third brain ventricle, to determine GnRH concentration, and plasma samples, to measure LH concentration, were collected. In the in vitro experiment, the anterior pituitary (AP) explants from weaned sheep were incubated in culture medium containing 2 doses of salsolinol, 20 and 100 μg/mL (S20 and S100, respectively). The concentration of LH in the collected media and relative expression of LHβ subunit messenger RNA in the AP explants were determined. No significant difference was found in mean GnRH concentration in response to 1-MeDIQ infusion, but both mean plasma LH concentration and LH pulse frequency increased significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) compared with those in controls. Significantly higher LH concentrations occurred during the first (P < 0.001), second (P < 0.001), and fourth (P < 0.05) h of 1-MeDIQ infusion. In the in vitro study, both the S20 and S100 doses of salsolinol caused a significant decrease in the mean medium LH concentration compared with that in the control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Salsolinol had no effect on the relative LHβ subunit messenger RNA expression in the incubated tissue. In conclusion, salsolinol is a potential inhibitor of the secretory activity of the gonadotropic axis in lactating sheep, at least at the AP level. Although no significant changes in GnRH release were directly confirmed, an increase in the frequency of LH pulses does not allow to exclude the central action of salsolinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marciniak
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - M Hasiec
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - F Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - T Misztal
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland.
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27
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Marciniak E, Górski K, Hasiec M, Misztal T. Hypothalamic-pituitary GnRH/LH axis activity is affected by salsolinol in sheep during lactation: Effects of intracerebroventricular infusions of salsolinol and its antagonizing analogue. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1931-8. [PMID: 27393219 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that salsolinol, a derivative of dopamine, is involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary gonadotropic (GnRH/LH) axis activity in lactating sheep. In the first experiment performed on sheep during the fifth week of lactation, a structural analogue of salsolinol (1-MeDIQ) was infused into the third brain ventricle (IIIv) to antagonize its action within the central nervous system (CNS). A push-pull perfusion of the infundibular nucleus/median eminence was performed simultaneously, and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. In the second experiment, sheep received infusions of salsolinol into the IIIv, 48 hours after the weaning of their 8-week-old lambs. Blood samples were collected during the experimental periods, and the anterior pituitary (AP) tissue was dissected immediately after the end of the experiment. Perfusate GnRH concentration (experiment 1), plasma LH concentration (experiments 1 and 2), and relative LHβ mRNA levels in the AP tissue (experiment 2) were assayed. Blocking of salsolinol action in the CNS of lactating sheep caused a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the perfusate GnRH concentrations in comparison with controls. Treatment with 1-MEDIQ also significantly decreased (P < 0.001) the LH concentration in the blood plasma. In turn, salsolinol infused 48 hours after lamb weaning significantly (P < 0.001) increased plasma LH concentration, reflected in the significant (P < 0.05) increase in the amplitude of LH pulses in the treated sheep as compared to the control animals. There was no significant difference in the relative levels of LHβ-subunit mRNA in the AP between control and salsolinol-infused sheep. The results lead to a conclusion that salsolinol affects the secretory activity of the GnRH/LH axis in sheep during lactation. Whether salsolinol infused into the IIIv evokes this stimulatory effect by itself or by modulation of other regulatory systems needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Marciniak
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Konrad Górski
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Hasiec
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland.
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Stevenson J, Lamb G. Contrasting effects of progesterone on fertility of dairy and beef cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5951-5964. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pérez-Torres L, Orihuela A, Corro M, Rubio I, Alonso MA, Galina CS. Effects of separation time on behavioral and physiological characteristics of Brahman cows and their calves. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Pessoa G, Martini A, Carloto G, Rodrigues M, Claro Júnior I, Baruselli P, Brauner C, Rubin M, Corrêa M, Leivas F, Sá Filho M. Different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin on ovarian follicular growth and pregnancy rate of suckled Bos taurus beef cows subjected to timed artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology 2016; 85:792-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Impact of progesterone and estradiol treatment before the onset of the breeding period on reproductive performance of Bos indicus beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 160:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Influence of biostimulation and temporary weaning on follicular dynamics and pregnancy rates in Nelore cows (Bos taurus indicus). Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1285-91. [PMID: 26070291 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biostimulation and temporary weaning on the follicular dynamics and pregnancy rates in Nelore cows. We used three groups of 75 cows: a control group without biostimulation and suckling calves (WB), a group that was biostimulated and had suckling calves (BE) and a group that was biostimulated and subjected to temporary weaning for 56 h (BETW). Ovarian dynamics were examined using ultrasonography. All groups showed follicular atresia. The interval between beginning of the treatment and wave emergence was 3.25 ± 0.30 days for BE, 3.40 ± 0.27 days for BETW and 3.37 ± 0.50 days for WB. The time between implant removal and ovulation was 64.50 ± 1.88 h for BE, 66.75 ± 1.35 h for BETW and 60.85 ± 3.10 h for WB. Eight cows were submitted to ultrasound analysis, and the percentages of cows that had ovulatory follicles of the new follicular wave with maximum diameters greater than 0.80 cm were 100 % (8/8) in BE (1.28 ± 0.12 cm), 100 % (8/8) in BETW (1.52 ± 0.07 cm) and 87.5 % (7/8) in WB (1.21 ± 0.10 cm). The pregnancy rate was 52 % (39/75) in BE, 69.3 % (52/75) in BETW and 37.3 % (28/75) in WB. The association of biostimulation and temporary weaning increased follicular development, ovulation synchronisation and, consequently, the pregnancy rate in beef cows.
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Stevenson JS, Hill SL, Bridges GA, Larson JE, Lamb GC. Progesterone status, parity, body condition, and days postpartum before estrus or ovulation synchronization in suckled beef cattle influence artificial insemination pregnancy outcomes1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2111-23. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Marques MDO, Morotti F, da Silva CB, Júnior MR, da Silva RCP, Baruselli PS, Seneda MM. Influence of category--heifers, primiparous and multiparous lactating cows--in a large-scale resynchronization fixed-time artificial insemination program. J Vet Sci 2015; 16:367-71. [PMID: 25797292 PMCID: PMC4588023 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of category (heifers, primiparous or multiparous cows) on pregnancy rates in a large scale resynchronization ovulation program. Nelore heifers (n = 903), primiparous lactating cows (n = 338) and multiparous lactating cows (n = 1,223) were synchronized using a conventional protocol of estradiol/P4-based fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Thirty days after ultrasonography, females who failed the first FTAI were resynchronized with the same hormonal protocol prior to a second FTAI. The pregnancy status of each cohort was evaluated by ultrasonography 30 days after each FTAI. The average conception rate after the first FTAI and resynchronization was 80.5%. Heifers had a higher conception rate (85%) than primiparous (76%) or multiparous cows (78%; p = 0.0001). The conception rate after the first FTAI was similar among heifers (57%), primiparous cows (51%) and multiparous cows (56%; p = 0.193). After the second FTAI, heifers exhibited a higher conception rate (66%) than primiparous or multiparous cows (51%; p = 0.0001). These results demonstrate the feasibility of resynchronization in large beef herds for providing consistent pregnancy rates in a short period of time. We also demonstrated that ovulation resynchronization 30 days after FTAI is particularly effective for heifers, providing a conception rate of up to 66%.
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Riveros JL, Schuler G, Urquieta B, Hoffmann B, Bonacic C. Ovarian follicular activity during late gestation and postpartum in guanaco (Lama guanicoe). Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 50:129-34. [PMID: 25528969 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated ovarian activity in late gestation and post-partum in guanacos in captivity. Follicular dynamics was monitored every second day from 40 days before and other 40 after delivery by transrectal sonography and by plasma steroids concentrations. Seven out of eight (87.5%) of gestating females presented ovarian follicular activity under progesterone levels >3 nmol/l with maximum follicular size of 8.42 ± 0.83 mm from days 23 to 1 before delivery. After delivery, all females have follicular wave development from day 0 to 38, with larger follicular size and longer follicular wave phases and interwave interval when compared with pre-partum data. During post-partum period, there was a close relationship between follicle size and estradiol-17β concentration, with r = 0.69 at the beginning of growth phase and r = 0.86 in association with the largest dominant follicle. Plasma estradiol-17β concentration varied from 11.92 to 198.55 pmol/l. Plasma estrone sulfate, free estrone and progesterone returned to baseline concentrations during peripartal period and remained basal thereafter. The results described follicular activity during late gestation and early post-partum period. These findings provide relevant information to understand physiological changes occurring during this reproductive key period in seasonal breeders with long gestation duration as New and Old World camelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Riveros
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kasimanickam R, Schroeder S, Assay M, Kasimanickam V, Moore DA, Gay JM, Whittier WD. Influence of temperament score and handling facility on stress, reproductive hormone concentrations, and fixed time AI pregnancy rates in beef heifers. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:775-82. [PMID: 25130754 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were (i) to evaluate the effect of temperament, determined by modified 2-point chute exit and gait score, on artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rates in beef heifers following fixed time AI and (ii) to determine the effect of temperament on cortisol, substance-P, prolactin and progesterone at initiation of synchronization and at the time of AI. Angus beef heifers (n = 967) at eight locations were included in this study. At the initiation of synchronization (Day 0 = initiation of synchronization), all heifers received a body condition score (BCS), and temperament score (0 = calm; slow exit and walk or 1 = excitable; fast exit or jump or trot or run). Blood samples were collected from a sub-population of heifers (n = 86) at both synchronization initiation and the time of AI to determine the differences in serum progesterone, cortisol, prolactin and substance-P concentrations between temperament groups. Heifers were synchronized with 5-day CO-Synch+ controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol and were inseminated at 56 h after CIDR removal. Heifers were examined for pregnancy by ultrasound 70 days after AI to determine AI pregnancy. Controlling for synchronization treatment (p = 0.03), facility design (p = 0.05), and cattle handling facility design by temperament score interaction (p = 0.02), the AI pregnancy differed between heifers with excitable and calm temperament (51.9% vs 60.3%; p = 0.01). The alley-way with acute bends and turns, and long straight alley-way had lower AI pregnancy rate than did the semicircular alley-way (53.5%, 56.3% and 67.0% respectively; p = 0.05). The serum hormone concentrations differed significantly between different types of cattle handling facility (p < 0.05). The cattle handling facility design by temperament group interactions significantly influenced progesterone (p = 0.01), cortisol (p = 0.01), prolactin (p = 0.02) and substance-P (p = 0.04) both at the initiation of synchronization and at the time of AI. Inter- and intra-rater agreement for temperament scoring were moderate and good (Kappa = 0.596 ± 0.07 and 0.797 ± 0.11) respectively. The predictive value for calm and pregnant to AI was 0.87, and excited and non-pregnant to AI was 0.76. In conclusion, the modified 2-point temperament scoring method can be used to identify heifers with excitable temperament. Heifers with excitable temperament had lower AI pregnancy. Further, cattle handling facility design influenced the temperament and AI pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Fortes MR, HMS Suhaimi A, R. Porto-Neto L, M. McWilliam S, Flatscher-Bader T, S. Moore S, J. D׳Occhio M, T. Meira C, G. Thomas M, M. Snelling W, Reverter A, A. Lehnert S. Post-partum anoestrus in tropical beef cattle: A systems approach combining gene expression and genome-wide association results. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Núñez-Olivera R, de Castro T, García-Pintos C, Bó G, Piaggio J, Menchaca A. Ovulatory response and luteal function after eCG administration at the end of a progesterone and estradiol’ based treatment in postpartum anestrous beef cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 146:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Barreiros T, Blaschi W, Santos G, Morotti F, Andrade E, Baruselli P, Seneda M. Dynamics of follicular growth and progesterone concentrations in cyclic and anestrous suckling Nelore cows (Bos indicus) treated with progesterone, equine chorionic gonadotropin, or temporary calf removal. Theriogenology 2014; 81:651-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows. Animal 2014; 8:695-703. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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41
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Perry GA, Cushman R. Effect of age at puberty/conception date on cow longevity. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2013; 29:579-90. [PMID: 24182436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age at puberty is a critical trait, because pregnancy success during the breeding season is correlated with the percentage of heifers that reach puberty before or early in the breeding season. A negative genetic correlation between age at puberty and heifer pregnancy rate indicate that selection to decrease age at puberty would increase heifer pregnancy rates. Calving late has been reported to increase the chance of calving late or not calving the following year, and heifers need to wean 3 to 5 calves to pay for development costs. Therefore, puberty is important to the sustainability and profitability of beef operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Cushman RA, Kill LK, Funston RN, Mousel EM, Perry GA. Heifer calving date positively influences calf weaning weights through six parturitions. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4486-91. [PMID: 23825337 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity and lifetime productivity are important factors influencing profitability for the cow-calf producer. Heifers that conceive earlier in the breeding season will calve earlier in the calving season and have a longer interval to rebreeding. Calves born earlier in the calving season will also be older and heavier at weaning. Longevity data were collected on 2,195 heifers from producers in South Dakota Integrated Resource Management groups. Longevity and weaning weight data were collected on 16,549 individual heifers at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). Data were limited to heifers that conceived during their first breeding season. Heifers were grouped into 21-d calving periods. Heifers were determined to have left the herd when they were diagnosed not pregnant at the end of the breeding season. Heifers that left the herd for reasons other than reproductive failure were censored from the data. Heifers that calved with their first calf during the first 21-d period of the calving season had increased (P < 0.01) longevity compared with heifers that calved in the second 21-d period, or later. Average longevity for South Dakota heifers that calved in the first or later period was 5.1 ± 0.1 and 3.9 ± 0.1 yr, respectively. Average longevity for USMARC heifers that calved in the first, second, or third period was 8.2 ± 0.3, 7.6 ± 0.5, and 7.2 ± 0.1 yr, respectively. Calving period as a heifer influenced (P < 0.01) unadjusted weaning BW of the first 6 calves. Estimated postpartum interval to conception as a 2-yr-old cow was greater for females that calved in the first period as heifers but did not differ between heifer calving periods in subsequent calving seasons. In summary, heifers that calved early in the calving season with their first calf had increased longevity and kilograms weaned, compared with heifers that calved later in the calving season.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Cushman
- USDA, ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, PO Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.
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Oliveira M, Sousa H, Moura A, Vicente W, Rodrigues L, Araújo A. The effects of parturition season and suckling mode on the puerperium of Santa Ines ewes and on the weight gain of lambs. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy-seven ewes were randomly divided into groups according to parturition season and suckling mode [Rainy season: continuous (n=14) and controlled (n=13); Dry season: continuous (n=25) and controlled (n=25)]. The controlled suckling mode, in both seasons, resulted in a decrease in variables, intervals between parturition and first estrus (reduction of 27.11 and 11.46 days for rainy and dry season, respectively; P<0.05) and between parturition and estrus of conception (reduction of 12.81 and 13.58 days, for rainy and dry season, respectively; P<0.05). As to the lambs, the weight gain was higher in animals subjected to controlled suckling in relation to continuous, especially when lambing occurred in the rainy season (17.83±0.56 vs. 13.95±0.52kg for Lambs' weight at 90 days old, respectively; P<0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that controlled suckling management is better indicated for the Amazonian region, since it allows the ewes to have a shorter puerperium period and the lambs exhibit higher weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - A.A. Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará; Universidade Estadual do Ceará
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Dorneles Tortorella R, Ferreira R, Tonellotto dos Santos J, Silveira de Andrade Neto O, Barreta MH, Oliveira JF, Gonçalves PB, Pereira Neves J. The effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin on follicular size, luteal volume, circulating progesterone concentrations, and pregnancy rates in anestrous beef cows treated with a novel fixed-time artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology 2013; 79:1204-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Evaluation of the hypothalamus–pituitary axis response to exogenous GnRH, estradiol benzoate, and LH during the postpartum period in Nellore cows. Theriogenology 2013; 79:797-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Galindo J, Galina CS, Estrada S, Romero JJ. Effect of Changes in Body Weight, Body Condition and Back Fat During Last Month of Pregnancy on the Reproductive Efficiency of Bos indicus Cows in the Tropics of Costa Rica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2013.31005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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OSHIMA K, OCHIAI Y, KOJIMA T, YAMAMOTO N. Effect of Restricted Suckling on the Superovulatory Response and Reproductive Performance in Postpartum Japanese Black Cows. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1469-75. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunaga OSHIMA
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 60 Yoshinaga, Kawai, Oda, Shimane 694–0013, Japan
| | - Yoshinori OCHIAI
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 60 Yoshinaga, Kawai, Oda, Shimane 694–0013, Japan
| | - Takatoshi KOJIMA
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 60 Yoshinaga, Kawai, Oda, Shimane 694–0013, Japan
| | - Naoyuki YAMAMOTO
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 60 Yoshinaga, Kawai, Oda, Shimane 694–0013, Japan
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Kafi M, Mirzaei A, Tamadon A, Saeb M. Factors affecting the occurrence of postpartum prolonged luteal activity in clinically healthy high-producing dairy cows. Theriogenology 2011; 77:421-9. [PMID: 21958642 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to characterize risk factors affecting the occurrence of prolonged luteal phase (PLP) in postpartum, clinically healthy, high-producing dairy cows. Transrectal ultrasound examinations of the reproductive tract were performed twice weekly, from the 1st to 8th wk after calving in 151 multiparous clinically healthy lactating Holstein cows (mean ± SD of peak milk yield = 56.7 ± 7.4 kg). Serum samples were collected twice weekly to measure progesterone and every 2 wk to detect β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Body condition score (BCS) was recorded weekly after calving. Based on the serum progesterone profile, 52 (34.4%) cows had normal ovarian activity (NLA), whereas 36 (23.8%) cows had a prolonged luteal phase (PLP), the most prevalent type of abnormal pattern of luteal activity. Furthermore, 63 cows with short luteal activity, delayed first ovulation, or cystic ovaries were excluded from this study. Serum AGP concentrations, as an indication of postpartum chronic endometritis, were not different (P > 0.05) between cows with NLA and PLP. Categories of peak milk yields (kg) were positively correlated with the incidence (%) of cows with PLP (r = 0.87, P = 0.02). Furthermore, milk yield peak, day of milk yield peak, mean milk yield (8 wk in milk), and milk yield on the expected day of luteolysis were higher (P < 0.05) in cows with PLP than NLA, and cows with PLP had greater loss of BCS (P = 0.007) than those with NLA. The likelihood of cows with PLP decreased by 0.9-fold for every 1 d delay of commencement of luteal activity (C-LA). Moreover, the likelihood of cows with PLP increased by 1.8-fold for each 1 mmol/L increase in the 1st wk serum βHB concentrations. In conclusion, higher mean of milk yield, greater BCS loss, earlier C-LA, and later peak milk yield were the major risk factors affecting the occurrence of postpartum PLP in clinically healthy, high-producing dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Kafi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Lima R, Martin I, Marques Filho W, Rodrigues M, Laufer-Amorim R, Ferreira J. Detecção imunoistoquímica de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona no endométrio de vacas Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) durante o anestro pós-parto. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foram utilizadas 24 vacas Nelore P.O., em anestro pós-parto, diagnosticado pelo histórico reprodutivo, por avaliações ultrassonográficas transretais e por dosagem de progesterona plasmática, que foram submetidas à colheita de fragmento uterino via transcervical. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos conforme o máximo diâmetro folicular: grupo 1: folículos <6mm (n=12); grupo 2: folículos >6mm (n=12). Para avaliar receptor de estrógeno e receptor de progesterona no epitélio glandular e no estroma, foi utilizada a técnica de imunoistoquímica. Altas contagens relativas e alta intensidade de marcação para receptor de estrógeno e progesterona no epitélio glandular e no estroma foram observadas nos dois grupos. No entanto, a intensidade de marcação para o receptor de progesterona no epitélio glandular foi mais alta no grupo 2 comparado ao grupo 1. Quando o epitélio glandular e o estroma foram comparados, o número relativo de receptor de estrógeno no grupo 1 foi mais alto no epitélio glandular comparado ao estroma, e a intensidade de marcação para o receptor de progesterona no grupo 2 foi mais alta no epitélio glandular comparado ao estroma. Os resultados sugerem que os mecanismos que controlam a expressão de receptores no anestro são semelhantes aos observados durante o ciclo estral.
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Sánchez Dávila F, Bernal H, Colín J, Olivares E, del Bosque AS, Ledezma R, Ungerfeld R. Environmental factors and interval from the introduction of rams to estrus in postpartum Saint Croix sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43:887-91. [PMID: 21225458 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether season and total rainfall during the breeding season, sheep parity, and/or litter size affect the interval from the introduction of rams to estrus (IRE) in hair Saint Croix sheep in northeastern Mexico. An analysis was made of 874 services performed during 9 years, introducing the rams into the sheep flock after an isolation period of 60 days during the postpartum period. Estrus was recorded twice daily during 35 days. Year and season influenced significantly on the interval between ram introduction and estrus length (P < 0.01). Winter IRE length (7.9 ± 0.1 days) was shorter than in the other three seasons (11.1 ± 0.2, 11.1 ± 0.1, and 16.2 ± 0.2 days in summer, autumn, and spring, respectively) (P < 0.01). An interaction was observed between rainfall and season, then by rainfall between 0 and 100 mm, IRE was shorter (P < 0.05) in winter (6.8 ± 0.3 days), and by rainfall between 100 and 199 mm, IRE was shorter (P < 0.05) in autumn (10.2 ± 0.5 days); however, when rainfall was beyond 200 mm, IRE length was shorter (P < 0.01) in summer (4.8 ± 0.5 days) than in autumn (14.5 ± 0.3 days). The IRE length was also longer in first lambing ewes (P < 0.05) and was not affected by litter size. In the present study, several factors, including the breeding season, rainfall and parity, directly influenced the interval between the male introduction and the onset of estrus by Saint Croix hair sheep.
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