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Hernández-Avilés C, Ramírez-Agámez L, Varner DD, Love CC. Lactate-induced spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis as a method to study acrosome function in stallion sperm. Theriogenology 2023; 210:169-181. [PMID: 37517302 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of acrosome function in stallion sperm is mostly based on the use of inducers of acrosomal exocytosis (AE), such as the calcium ionophore A23187 or progesterone. Recently, it has been reported that incubation of stallion sperm under presumed capacitating conditions (i.e., medium formulated with calcium, bicarbonate, and bovine serum albumin) using a lactate-only containing medium (Lac-MW) results in a high rate of spontaneous AE in viable sperm (AE/Viable). In the current study, we developed an alternative assay of acrosome function for stallion sperm following the incubation of sperm in a medium formulated only with lactate as an energy substrate (Lac-MW). In Experiment 1, freshly ejaculated stallion sperm was incubated with 10 μM A23187, Lac-MW, or Control, for up to 6 h under capacitating conditions. The percentages of motile sperm, viable sperm, total AE (Total AE), and AE in viable sperm (AE/Viable) were compared among treatment groups. Incubation in Lac-MW, but not with Control or A23187, resulted in a time-dependent increase in the percentage of AE/Viable, as determined by flow cytometry, particularly at 4 and 6 h of incubation (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, freshly ejaculated sperm was incubated in Lac-MW for up to 6 h, and the occurrence of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and AE/Viable were determined. At 4h and 6h of incubation in Lac-MW, ∼40% of the sperm displayed a protein tyrosine phosphorylation immunofluorescence pattern that coincides with that recently associated with stallion sperm capacitation (i.e., immunofluorescence signal at the acrosome and midpiece). In Experiment 3, the rate of AE/Viable sperm was compared among freshly ejaculated, cool-stored, and frozen/thawed stallion sperm. Except at 2h incubation in Lac-MW, differences in mean AE/Viable among fresh, cool-stored, and frozen/thawed sperm were not observed (P > 0.05). In Experiment 4, the relationship between Total AE (A23187), or AE/Viable (Lac-MW), and in vivo fertility of 5 stallions was determined. A linear relationship was observed between mean AE/Viable and the per-cycle (r = 0.93; P < 0.05) and seasonal (r = 0.66; P < 0.05) pregnancy rates of five stallions used for artificial insemination with cool-stored semen. In Experiment 5, frozen/thawed sperm from subfertile Thoroughbred (TB) stallions, known to carry the susceptibility genotype for Impaired Acrosomal Exocytosis (IAE; FKBP6 A/A-A/A) was evaluated following incubation in Lac-MW. Sperm from subfertile TB stallions with IAE had lower mean AE/Viable, at both 4h and 6h incubation in Lac-MW, when compared to that of fertile control stallions (P < 0.05). Overall, the Lac-MW model validated in the current study may be a useful complementary assay to evaluate the ability of stallion sperm to physiologically undergo AE and to study stallion fertility potential. This acrosome function assay can be used to evaluate fresh, cool-stored, or frozen/thawed stallion sperm, and describes a strong linear relationship with in vivo-fertility of stallions used in artificial insemination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Hernández-Avilés
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA.
| | - Luisa Ramírez-Agámez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
| | - Dickson D Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
| | - Charles C Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
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Umair M, Claes A, Buijtendorp M, Cuervo-Arango J, Stout TAE, Henning H. In vitro aging of stallion spermatozoa during prolonged storage at 5°C. Cytometry A 2022. [PMID: 36519783 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination with chilled stallion semen is hampered by a limited period of maximum fertility maintenance (24-48 h). This study used multiparametric flow cytometry to simultaneously measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial function or [Ca2+ ]i and plasma membrane fluidity in viable, acrosome-intact spermatozoa, with the aim of providing insight into changes in sperm function during storage at 5°C. High proportions of viable and acrosome-intact spermatozoa (71 ± 8%) remained after 96 h of storage demonstrating that the basic integrity of the cells was well preserved (n = 17 stallions). In addition, more than 90% of viable, acrosome-intact spermatozoa had active mitochondria and low intra-cellular or mitochondrial ROS levels. By contrast, the percentage of viable, acrosome-intact sperm with low plasma membrane fluidity and low [Ca2+ ]i decreased over time (1 h: 63 ± 16%, 96 h: 29 ± 18%; p < 0.05). The [Ca2+ ]i in viable sperm rose 3.1-fold (p < 0.05) over the 4 days, and fewer spermatozoa responded to bicarbonate stimulation (1 h: 46 ± 17%, 96 h: 19 ± 12%) with an increase in plasma membrane fluidity following prolonged storage. Overall, prolonged storage of stallion semen at 5°C resulted in disturbed calcium homeostasis and increased plasma membrane fluidity. The decline in fertility of stallion semen during cooled-storage may therefore relate to aspects of in vitro aging (changes in plasma membrane fluidity and intracellular calcium) which impairs capacitation-associated cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Claes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juan Cuervo-Arango
- Equine Fertility Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heiko Henning
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany
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Orsolini MF, Meyers SA, Dini P. An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section II. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113319. [PMID: 34828049 PMCID: PMC8614388 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In order to improve fertilization and pregnancy rates within artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization techniques in horses, producers may choose to select the best sperm within an ejaculate. In this paper, we review conventional and novel methods of sperm selection. Abstract As the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) expand in the equine industry, it has become necessary to further our understanding of available semen selection techniques. This segment of our two-section review will focus on the selection of spermatozoa based on quality and sex for equine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), as well as current and future developments in sperm sorting technologies. Ultimately, novel methods of semen selection will be assessed based on their efficacy in other species and their relevance and future application towards ARTs in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan F. Orsolini
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Stuart A. Meyers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Pouya Dini
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Effects of Spermine and Spermidine supplemented extenders on post-thaw Spermatological Parameters in Stallion Semen Cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2021; 100:72-76. [PMID: 33794189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of polyamines, Spermine and Spermidine, on long-term preservation and post-thaw spermatological parameters were evaluated. Moreover, determination of the most suitable polyamine and its dose that can be added to standard extenders were aimed. Four adult Arabian stallions were used in the study. Five ejaculates were collected from each of four stallions via artificial vagina two days interval. Each ejaculate was divided into 13 aliquots. INRA96 (95,5%), egg yolk (2%), and glycerol (2,5%) were used as a control extender. Extenders of experimental groups were prepared with different doses of Spermine and Spermidine (0,1 mg/ml; 0,2 mg/ml; 0,4 mg/ml; 1 mg/ml; 2 mg/ml; 4 mg/ml). Stallion semen that were cryopreserved with Control and experimental extenders were evaluated in terms of Total Motility, Progressive Motility, Plasma Membrane Integrity, Capacitation Index, Acrosome Integrity and DNA Fragmentation Index. At the end of the evaluations, it was determined that 0,2 mg/ml Spermine and 0,4 mg/ml Spermidine showed better Total Motility and Progressive Motility, numerically. On the other hand, it was observed that 4 mg/ml Spermine and Spermidine had the lowest statistically significant values (p < 0,001). While statistically similar differences were obtained between groups in terms of the Plasma Membrane and Acrosome Integrity, it was determined that all experimental groups had lower and statistically significant values in terms of Capacitation and DNA Fragmentation Index (p < 0,001). As result, it was observed that the stallion semen cryopreservation success can be increased by the addition of 1-2 mg/ml Spermine that had effective protection on Capacitation and DNA Fragmentation Index without damaging other spermatological properties.
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Dominguez EM, Moreno-Irusta A, Rodriguez MB, Salamone DF, de Arruda RP, Losinno L, Giojalas LC. Chemotactic selection of frozen-thawed stallion sperm improves sperm quality and heterologous binding to oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106582. [PMID: 32889407 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The successful use of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) depends in part on the sperm physiological status. Several sperm selection procedures have been applied to improve quality of sperm population when using the ART. There has previously been development of a Sperm Selection Assay (SSA) for humans which is based on the attraction of capacitated sperm by chemotaxis towards progesterone (P), resulting in an enriched sperm population with an optimal physiological status similar to capacitated spermatozoa, with these cells having very little DNA fragmentation and optimal concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, the aim was to adapt the SSA for frozen-thawed stallion semen samples and evaluate the functional status of those sperm selected using the SSA procedure, and to determine whether this enriched sperm population has a greater capacity to bind to the zona pellucida of cattle oocytes. There were experimental conditions developed to conduct the SSA with stallion sperm. Using these conditions, the indexes of induced acrosome reaction, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species, and number of sperm bound to the zona pellucida of cattle were greater when the sperm population was selected using the SSA. Consistently, the DNA fragmentation and phospholipase C zeta indexes were less for the selected sperm. In conclusion, stallion sperm selected using chemotaxis utilizing the SSA provides a sperm population of greater quality, which when used may improve the outcomes with use of the ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Mauricio Dominguez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ayelen Moreno-Irusta
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, FAUBA/INPA- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel F Salamone
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, FAUBA/INPA- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubens Paes de Arruda
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Sêmen e Andrologia - LBSA, Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Ciência Animal, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Losinno
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Catedra de Producción Equina I y II, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Laboratorio de Producción Equina, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cecilia Giojalas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Effect of MnTBAP on in vitro capacitation of frozen-thawed stallion sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106570. [PMID: 32861120 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro manipulation of spermatozoa leads to deleterious changes of structure and function that occur mainly due to oxidative stress, therefore, prevention or treatment is a strategy to improve the functions of processed sperm. In the present study, the aim was to evaluate the effects of MnTBAP supplementation, a compound with antioxidant activity, on in vitro capacitation conditions of thawed equine sperm. For this purpose, stallion spermatozoa (2 × 106 cells/mL) were incubated in the sperm-TLP base medium for 4 h in which there were three different conditions: non-capacitating, capacitating, and capacitating plus 150 mM MnTBAP. There were incubations for 4 h at 37.5 °C in a humidified air atmosphere. Sample analysis was performed immediately after thawing (0 h), and at the end of the incubation period (4 h), unless otherwise indicated. The following variables were evaluated for spermatozoa: plasma membrane integrity and fluidity, acrosome integrity, intracellular calcium concentrations, intracellular pH, tyrosine phosphorylation, ATP concentrations, motility and heterologous zona-binding assay, using flow cytometry, fluorescent microscopy and/or chemiluminescence, depending on the most appropriate procedure for the variable being evaluated. Results indicated that capacitation-like changes were synergistically induced by the cAMP agonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitor and bicarbonate. The presence of bovine serum albumin was harmful to the plasma membrane. The MnTBAP supplementation had a positive effect on viability-related markers (plasma membrane integrity, membrane fluidity, associated with greater intracellular pH) when there were capacitating conditions. In conclusion, the activity of MnTBAP contributes to improving the in vitro incubation conditions of frozen-thawed stallion sperm.
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Coutinho da Silva MA, Seidel GE, Squires EL, Graham JK, Carnevale EM. Effects of milk proteins on sperm binding to the zona pellucida and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in stallion sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 150:24-9. [PMID: 25213434 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the effects of extracellular Ca(2+) and milk proteins on intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in stallion sperm; and to determine the effects of single caseins on sperm binding to the zona pellucida (ZP). In Experiment I, sperm were incubated in media containing 2 or 4mM Ca(2+) and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was determined after ionomycin treatment and long-term incubation (3h). Extracellular Ca(2+) concentrations (2 compared with 4mM) did not affect baseline intracellular Ca(2+) concentration of sperm. However, incubating sperm in a medium containing 4 compared with 2mM Ca(2+) resulted in greater (P<0.05) influx of Ca(2+) into sperm. In Experiment II, sperm incubated in media containing 1mg/mL of native phosphocaseinate (NP) or sodium caseinate (SC) showed similar baseline intracellular Ca(2+) and influx of Ca(2+) than control (TALP). In Experiment III, sperm-ZP binding assays were performed in TALP medium containing: no additions (TALP); 1mg/mL SC; 1 or 3mg/mL of α-casein; 1 or 3mg/mL of β-casein; and 1 or 3mg/mL of κ-casein. The number of stallion sperm bound to bovine ZP was greatest (P<0.05) when SC was used. Co-incubation in media containing single caseins (α-, β- or κ-casein) resulted in similar results to TALP; however, a dose effect (P<0.05) was observed for β- and κ-caseins. In conclusion, extracellular Ca(2+) concentration and milk proteins did not affect baseline intracellular calcium in stallion sperm. It appears that β- and κ-caseins may be responsible for enhancing sperm binding to ZP, but the mechanism remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George E Seidel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Edward L Squires
- Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - James K Graham
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Namula Z, Kodama R, Tanihara F, Morita Y, Sato Y, Wittayarat M, Taniguchi M, Otoi T. Effects of skim-milk supplementation on the quality and penetrating ability of boar semen after long-term preservation at 15 °C. Acta Vet Hung 2014; 62:106-16. [PMID: 24334075 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2013.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of skim-milk supplementation on the quality and penetrating ability of boar semen preserved at 15 °C. When boar semen samples were preserved in Modified Modena extender supplemented with various concentrations (0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 50 mg/mL) of skim milk powder at 15 °C for 4 weeks, higher sperm motility and viability were observed in the case of 7.5 mg/mL skim-milk supplementation compared with the control group (0 mg/mL) during the preservation (P < 0.05). When in vitro matured oocytes were co-incubated with boar sperm that had been preserved in Modified Modena extender with three different concentrations (0, 7.5 or 15 mg/mL) of skim milk powder at 15 °C for two weeks, there were no apparent effects of skim-milk supplementation on the rates of fertilisation and development to blastocysts of oocytes after co-incubation. However, the monospermic fertilisation rate of sperm preserved with 15 mg/mL skim milk powder was higher (P < 0.05) than that of fresh non-preserved sperm, but did not differ among the preservation groups. The results indicate that the supplementation of Modified Modena extender with 7.5 mg/mL skim milk powder improves the motility and viability, but not the penetrating ability, of sperm after liquid preservation for at least two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Namula
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Risa Kodama
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Yoko Sato
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Manita Wittayarat
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Masayasu Taniguchi
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- 1 Yamaguchi University The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
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Balao da Silva CM, Spinaci M, Bucci D, Giaretta E, Peña FJ, Mari G, Galeati G. Effect of sex sorting on stallion spermatozoa: Heterologous oocyte binding, tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction assay. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 141:68-74. [PMID: 23953198 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interest on sex sorting by flow cytometry on the equine industry has been increasing over the years. In this work, three different tests were performed in order to evaluate the membrane status of sorted stallion spermatozoa: assessment of binding ability to porcine oocytes, evaluation of acrosome integrity after stimulation with A23187, and detection of tyrosine phosphorylation. These evaluations were made after incubation for 0h, 1.5h and 3h in a capacitating medium. Sorted stallion spermatozoa attached similarly to the porcine oocytes, when compared with control samples. Sorted spermatozoa were more prone to undergo acrosome reaction (P<0.05), at the beginning and after 1.5h and 3h of incubation, and also had higher tyrosine phosphorylation of the tail (P<0.001), only at the beginning of the incubation period. Apparently sex sorted stallion spermatozoa are in a more advanced status of membrane destabilization, which could be associated with capacitation, although similar binding ability to porcine oocytes is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Balao da Silva
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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Costa AL, Martins-Bessa A, de Andrade AR, Guimarães T, Rebordão MR, Gamboa S, Bravo PP, Correia MJ, Colaço J, Gaivão I, Rocha A. Single Layer Centrifugation with Androcoll-E<sup>TM</sup> improved progressive motility and percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosome of chilled stallion semen but did not have an effect on DNA integrity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2012.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bergqvist AS, Johannisson A, Bäckgren L, Dalin AM, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Morrell JM. Single Layer Centrifugation of Stallion Spermatozoa through Androcoll™-E does not Adversely Affect their Capacitation-Like Status, as Measured by CTC Staining. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:e74-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McPartlin L, Suarez S, Czaya C, Hinrichs K, Bedford-Guaus S. Hyperactivation of Stallion Sperm Is Required for Successful In Vitro Fertilization of Equine Oocytes1. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:199-206. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.074880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Cryopreservation of dog semen: The effects of Equex STM paste on plasma membrane fluidity and the control of intracellular free calcium. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 110:147-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nunes DB, Zorzatto JR, Costa e Silva EV, Zúccari CESN. Efficiency of short-term storage of equine semen in a simple-design cooling system. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 104:434-9. [PMID: 17681679 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Five experiments tested the efficiency of a simple, low-cost system (CP) for cooling and storing equine semen at 2.0 degrees C for 24 h and 48 h. Pantaneiro stallions of known fertility were used. Semen quality was evaluated for progressive motility (PM), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), and pregnancy rate. Experiment 1 showed that PM and PMI were similar between CP and the control (Equitainer) in cooled semen. In Experiment 2, the influence was evaluated of combinations (four treatments) of two volumes (50/100 ml) and two sperm concentrations (500/750x10(6)) on sperm quality of semen cooled and preserved by CP (cooling system replaced at 24 h). While PM decreased gradually from before cooling to 24 h and 48 h, PMI decreased only at the least and greatest sperm volume and concentrations. Storage time did not affect PMI. Results from Experiment 3 showed that CP maintained semen PM>or=30% in all samples 24 h after cooling and decreased to about 70% 42 h after cooling. Results from Experiments 4 and 5 confirmed semen quality after cooling and storage (24 h and 48 h, respectively), achieving a 69% pregnancy rate in the first estrous cycle when insemination occurred. Thus, the CP system is satisfactory for cooling and preserving equine semen for up to 48 h.
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McNiven M, Richardson G. Effect of Quercetin on Capacitation Status and Lipid Peroxidation of Stallion Spermatozoa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/cpt.2006.4.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. McNiven
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - G.F. Richardson
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Abstract
Results on procedures for freezing stallion semen and the subsequent fertility during 20 years are presented. The present system applied in French National Stud includes: (1) a freezing protocol (dilution in milk, centrifugation and addition of freezing extender (INRA82+egg yolk (2%, v/v)+glycerol (2.5%, v/v) at 22 degrees C, a moderate cooling rate to 4 degrees C and freezing at -60 degrees C/min in 0.5-ml straws); (2) selection of ejaculates showing post-thaw rapid motility >35%; and (3) an insemination protocol (mares examined once daily, two AI of 400 x 10(6) spermatozoa 24 h apart before ovulation, sufficient number of straws to have the possibility to perform six AI of 400 x 10(6) total spermatozoa, i.e. 2.4 x 10(9) total spermatozoa available per mare per season). This system was applied to >110 stallions per year, the average post-thaw motility of ejaculates was 50% (>1800 ejaculates) before selection. The semen freezability was defined as the number of selected ejaculates divided by the total number of ejaculates frozen. Of the stallions, 5, 4, 5, 21 and 64% had semen freezability of 0-10, 10-33, 33-60, 60-90 and over 90%, respectively. Per-cycle pregnancy rate was 45-48% (>1500 mares per year, 1.8 cycles per mare) and foaling rate 64%. In comparison, per-cycle pregnancy rate and foaling rate of mares hand-mated to stallions were 57-59% and 64%, respectively. The average number of straws used was 32-35 (1.75 x 10(9) total spermatozoa) per mare per season. According to our results and the literature, the most important factors for improving fertility of frozen equine semen include: (1) a low concentration of glycerol (2-3.5% final concentration); (2) a suitable base extender for freezing like Lactose-Glucose EDTA or INRA82; (3) a post-thaw motility >30-35%; and (4) a sufficient number of spermatozoa per mare per season (1.5-2 x 10(9) total spermatozoa for two to three cycles) divided into small units. Numbers of spermatozoa, lower than 750.10(6) total spermatozoa per cycle, could result in lower per-cycle pregnancy rate with higher additional costs for management of mares. Because there are no particular regulations on quality and quantity of equine semen in the European Community, there is a need for the uniformity of information about frozen semen. A codification is suggested, based on the number of spermatozoa available per mare per season, the post-thaw motility and the final glycerol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vidament
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA-CNRS-Université Tours-Haras Nationaux, 37 380 Nouzilly, France.
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Rota A, Furzi C, Panzani D, Camillo F. Studies on Motility and Fertility of Cooled Stallion Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2004; 39:103-9. [PMID: 15065992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study on extended, cooled stallion spermatozoa aimed to compare the ability of three extenders to maintain sperm motility during 24 h of preservation, and to describe pregnancy and foaling rates after artificial insemination (AI) of stallion spermatozoa stored and transported in the extender chosen from the in vitro study. After 6 and 24 h of preservation, motility, both subjective and evaluated by the motility analyzer (total, progressive and rapid), was lower in non-fat, dried skim milk-glucose than in both other extenders: dried skim milk-glucose added to 2% centrifuged egg yolk, and ultra high temperature treated skim milk-sugar-saline solution added to 2% centrifuged egg yolk (INRA82-Y). Rapid spermatozoa and sperm velocity parameters, after 24 h, were significantly higher in INRA82-Y. In the fertility trial, semen collected from three Maremmano stallions, diluted in INRA82-Y, and transported in a refrigerated Styrofoam box, was used to inseminate 56 mares of the same breed. Pregnancy rates after the first cycle and per breeding season were significantly higher for the 31 mares inseminated in three AI centres (54.8 and 80.6%, respectively) than for the 25 mares inseminated at the breeder's facilities (28.0 and 52.0%). Foaling rates were not significantly different between the AI centres mares (54.8%) and the other mares (44.0%). In conclusion, INRA82-Y yielded satisfactory pregnancy and foaling rates, especially when employed in the more controlled situation of an AI centre, and can therefore be included among those available for cooled stallion semen preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rota
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy.
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