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Effect of Detergents Based on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Functional Metrics of Frozen-Thawed Collared Peccary ( Pecari tajacu) Semen. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030451. [PMID: 36766338 PMCID: PMC9913824 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of detergents based on sodium dodecyl sulfoxide (SDS) on the functional parameters of collared peccary frozen-thawed sperm. Semen aliquots from ten individuals were diluted in a Tris-egg yolk-glycerol extender alone or with 0.5% Equex STM® paste or SDS (at 0.1%, 0.3% or 0.5% (v/v) concentration). Samples were fast frozen in liquid nitrogen with a post-thaw evaluation of motility, membrane functionality and integrity, mitochondrial activity, sperm binding ability and thermal resistance. The treatments without SDS (41.8 ± 3.5%) and those containing Equex (41.8 ± 4.4%) or 0.1% SDS (41.2 ± 5.5%) provided greater sperm motility (p < 0.05) than those containing SDS 0.3% (30.5 ± 4.7%) and 0.5% (31.2 ± 6.3%). Immediately after thawing, only treatments containing 0.1% SDS effectively preserved sperm straightness (STR) when compared to the negative control. All treatments preserved the amplitude of lateral head (ALH) and straightness (STR) during a thermal resistance test (p > 0.05), but SDS 0.5% impaired the membrane functionality and mitochondrial activity after thawing (p < 0.05). All treatments provided a similar recovery of sperm binding ability after thawing (p < 0.05). Our results showed that the addition of 0.1% SDS to the Tris-yolk-glycerol extender optimized the freeze-thaw recovery of peccary semen.
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Tebet JM, Ferreira de Souza F, Mello Martins MI, Chirinéa VH, Candido de Carvalho J, Papa FO, Lopes MD. Assessment of thawed sperm quality from feline species: Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and oncilla (Leopardus gutullus). Theriogenology 2022; 177:56-62. [PMID: 34662840 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cryopreservation effects on the semen of oncilla (Leopardus guttulus, n = 5, 15 ejaculates) and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis, n = 5, 17 ejaculates) and compare two extenders (commercial and non-commercial extender). An andrological exam was conducted (testicle measurements and penis evaluation), including semen collection by electroejaculation. After collection, the semen was assessed to volume, color, pH, sperm motility, vigor, sperm number in the ejaculate, viability, membrane integrity, and sperm morphology. Samples were centrifuged (300 g for 10 min) and pellet diluted in two extenders (TRIS/glucose/egg yolk and BotuCRIO®), packed into 0.25 mL French straws (20 × 106 spermatozoa/mL), equilibrated at 5 °C for 1 h (<0.5 °C/min), freezing in nitrogen vapor for 20 min. Thawing was achieved at 46 °C for 15 min. Thawed samples were evaluated to the same characteristics and ultrastructural analysis. There is no difference for extenders, but in ocelot the spermatozoa maintained higher quality after thawing. Major defects were increased in thawed samples, especially acrosome injuries, in both species. Semen contamination by urine was remarkable to oncilla (53% of the ejaculates) which can have reduced sperm cryoresistance of this species. Ultrastructural analysis endorsed morphological analysis under light microscopy and identified cells with acrosome vesiculation. In conclusion, the spermatozoa of ocelot were more cryoresistent and the extender commercial and non-commercial were suitable for their cryopreservation. Other extenders should be investigated for oncilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Maria Tebet
- Núcleo de Gestão de Programas, NGP8/CTR8/DGR/CFB, Secretaria de Infraestrutura e Meio Ambiente de São Paulo, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, FMVZ, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, FMVZ, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Isabel Mello Martins
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, FMVZ, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Viviane Helena Chirinéa
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, FMVZ, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Candido de Carvalho
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, FMVZ, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Santo Amaro University, UNISA, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Ozanam Papa
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, FMVZ, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Denise Lopes
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, FMVZ, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Suzuki H, Watanabe H, Abe Y. Assisted reproductive techniques for canines: preservation of genetic material in domestic dogs. J Reprod Dev 2021; 68:1-11. [PMID: 34840199 PMCID: PMC8872749 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation of gametes/zygotes, have been developed to improve breeding and reproduction of livestock and for the treatment of human infertility. Their widespread use has contributed to improvements in human health and welfare. However, in dogs, only artificial insemination using frozen semen is readily available as an ART to improve breeding and control genetic diversity. A recent priority in sperm cryopreservation is the development of alternatives to egg yolk, which is widely used as a component of the sperm extender. Egg yolk can vary in composition among batches and is prone to contamination by animal pathogens. The latter can be a problem for international exchange of cryopreserved semen. Low-density lipoprotein and skim milk are promising candidates for use as extenders, to ensure fertility after artificial insemination. Although not tested for its effects on fertility following artificial insemination, polyvinyl alcohol may also be a useful alternative to egg yolk as an extender. The development of cryopreservation techniques for canine embryos lags behind that for other mammals, including humans. However, given the success of non-surgical embryo transfer in 2011, studies have sought to refine this approach for practical use. Research on sperm cryopreservation has yielded satisfactory results. However, investigation of other approaches, such as cryopreservation of oocytes and gonadal tissues, remains insufficient. Techniques for the efficient induction of estrus may aid in the development of successful canine ARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suzuki
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
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Flores Huarco NH, Giuliano SM, Fumuso FG, Miragaya MH, Cucho Dolmos HC, Carretero MI. Use of dimethylformamide to cryopreserve alpaca semen previously incubated with collagenase. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1387-1397. [PMID: 34379864 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenase and two final dimethylformamide (DMF) concentrations (4% and 7%) on alpaca frozen-thawed sperm quality. A total of 25 ejaculates from 5 alpaca were obtained using electroejaculation. Each individual ejaculate was evaluated and then diluted 4:1 in a solution of 1 mg/ml collagenase in HEPES-TALP medium and incubated for 4 min at 37°C. Subsequently, samples were diluted in TRIS-fructose-citric acid-egg yolk and cooled to 5°C. Then, each sample was divided in two aliquots and DMF at final concentration of 4% or 7% was added, equilibrated for 1 hr at 5°C and frozen over liquid nitrogen vapours. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the sperm morphometry, and Completely Random Block designs were used to analyse sperm motility, viability, membrane function and acrosome status. After collagenase incubation, none of the samples showed thread formation, and sperm parameters were preserved. Non-progressive motile sperm were higher (p < .05) in equilibrated samples (4% DMF: 31.8 ± 8.3% and 7% DMF: 36.3 ± 11.8%) compared to raw (10.1 ± 4.3%) and frozen-thawed semen (4% DMF: 9.7 ± 1.8% and 7% DMF: 7.5 ± 3.2%). Sperm membrane function, membrane integrity and intact acrosomes were higher (p < .05) in raw semen (40.1 ± 12.2%, 94.6 ± 3.2% and 91.3 ± 8.1%) compared to frozen-thawed samples (4% DMF: 19.8 ± 4.7%, 53.2 ± 2.7%, 65.7 ± 8.7% and 7% DMF: 20.4 ± 4.5%, 54.1 ± 1.4%, 64.6 ± 9.1%). Length of the sperm head was lower in frozen-thawed samples, being statistically different with 4% DMF compared to pre-freezing samples. The ratio between acrosome and head areas was greater (p < .05) in frozen-thawed samples. Incubation of raw alpaca semen with collagenase decreased the thread formation without affecting sperm quality. Frozen of collagenase treated alpaca semen with 4% or 7% DMF did not preserve the sperm parameters in thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils H Flores Huarco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú.,Escuela de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Puno, Perú
| | - Susana M Giuliano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda G Fumuso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán C Cucho Dolmos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - María I Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bezerra LG, Souza AL, Lago AE, Campos LB, Nunes TL, Paula VV, Oliveira MF, Silva AR. Addition of Equex STM to Extender Improves Post-Thawing Longevity of Collared Peccaries' Sperm. Biopreserv Biobank 2019; 17:143-147. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luana G.P. Bezerra
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation—LCGA, Department of Animal Sciences, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana L.P. Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation—LCGA, Department of Animal Sciences, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Arthur E.A. Lago
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation—LCGA, Department of Animal Sciences, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Livia B. Campos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation—LCGA, Department of Animal Sciences, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Talita L. Nunes
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation—LCGA, Department of Animal Sciences, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Valéria V. Paula
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation—LCGA, Department of Animal Sciences, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Moacir F. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation—LCGA, Department of Animal Sciences, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R. Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation—LCGA, Department of Animal Sciences, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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6
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Ortiz I, Urbano M, Dorado J, Morrell J, Al-Essawe E, Johannisson A, Hidalgo M. Comparison of DNA fragmentation of frozen-thawed epididymal sperm of dogs using Sperm Chromatin Structure Analysis and Sperm Chromatin Dispersion test. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 187:74-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Kondracki S, Wysokińska A, Kania M, Górski K. Application of Two Staining Methods for Sperm Morphometric Evaluation in Domestic Pigs. J Vet Res 2017; 61:345-349. [PMID: 29978093 PMCID: PMC5894426 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effect of two smear staining methods on the dimensions and shape of sperm cells in the semen of domestic pigs was evaluated. Material and Methods The studies were carried out on 30 ejaculates collected from 15 boars, which included five Duroc boars, five Pietrain boars, and five hybrid Duroc × Pietrain boars. Each ejaculate was next sampled to make two microscopic slides, of which one was stained with eosin-nigrosin and the other with eosin-gentian dye. In total, 600 measurements of sperm cells were made. Each sperm was measured for the following morphometric parameters: head length, head width, head area, head perimeter, tail length, and the total sperm length. Results Sperms measured on slides stained with eosin-nigrosin showed lower dimensions as compared with those stained with the eosin-gentian dye method. Sperm stained with eosin-nigrosin had shorter and narrower heads than sperm stained with eosin-gentian dye. The method of staining, therefore, affected not only the dimensions of the sperm, but also the proportions of the dimensions defining the shape of the sperm. Conclusions The size and shape parameters in porcine sperm may take on different values depending on the method of semen staining. Sperm cells stained with eosin-nigrosin are smaller than the sperm stained with eosin-gentian dye. The sensitivity of the sperm to the type of dye used for the fixation may be associated with genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Kondracki
- Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Anna Wysokińska
- Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kania
- Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Górski
- Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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8
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Maroto-Morales A, García-Álvarez O, Ramón M, Martínez-Pastor F, Fernández-Santos MR, Soler AJ, Garde JJ. Current status and potential of morphometric sperm analysis. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:863-870. [PMID: 27678465 PMCID: PMC5109877 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.187581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The spermatozoon is the most diverse cell type known and this diversity is considered to reflect differences in sperm function. How the diversity in sperm morphology arose during speciation and what role the different specializations play in sperm function, however, remain incompletely characterized. This work reviews the hypotheses proposed to explain sperm morphological evolution, with a focus on some aspects of sperm morphometric evaluation; the ability of morphometrics to predict sperm cryoresistance and male fertility is also discussed. For this, the evaluation of patterns of change of sperm head morphometry throughout a process, instead of the study of the morphometric characteristics of the sperm head at different stages, allows a better identification of the males with different sperm cryoconservation ability. These new approaches, together with more studies employing a greater number of individuals, are needed to obtain novel results concerning the role of sperm morphometry on sperm function. Future studies should aim at understanding the causes of sperm design diversity and the mechanisms that generate them, giving increased attention to other sperm structures besides the sperm head. The implementation of scientific and technological advances could benefit the simultaneous examination of sperm phenotype and sperm function, demonstrating that sperm morphometry could be a useful tool for sperm assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga García-Álvarez
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain.,Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Ramón
- Regional Center of Animal Selection and Reproduction (CERSYRA) JCCM, Valdepeñas, Spain
| | - Felipe Martínez-Pastor
- Institute for Animal Health and Cattle Development, University of León, León, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
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9
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Khan J, Tahir MZ, Khalid A, Sattar A, Ahmad N. Effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins on cryosurvival of dog spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52 Suppl 2:265-268. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Khan
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - MZ Tahir
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - A Khalid
- Pet Center; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - A Sattar
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - N Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
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10
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Dorado J, Gálvez MJ, Demyda-Peyrás S, Ortiz I, Morrell JM, Crespo F, Gósalvez J, Hidalgo M. Differences in preservation of canine chilled semen using simple sperm washing, single-layer centrifugation and modified swim-up preparation techniques. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD15071. [PMID: 25879166 DOI: 10.1071/rd15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of simple sperm washing (SW), single-layer centrifugation (SLC) and modified swim-up (SU) techniques in the preparation of dog spermatozoa for cooling. Eighteen ejaculates, collected from three dogs (six per dog), were pooled (three ejaculates per pool) and divided into three aliquots: (1) one aliquot was washed and cooled at 5°C for 72h, considered as control (SW-control), (2) the second aliquot was selected by SLC through Androcoll-C and subsequently cooled in the same way as the SW-control samples (SLC-AC) and (3) the last aliquot was selected by a modified SU method with Androcoll-C and cooled as mentioned above (SU-AC). Assessment of sperm motility, sperm morphology, sperm membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were performed on aliquots of fresh semen and chilled-rewarmed samples. Sperm membrane integrity and progressive motility were significantly (PPP>0.05). The recovery rates were not significantly (P>0.05) different between SW-control, SLC-AC and SU-AC samples. Our results confirm that SU-AC may be a successful method for the preparation of dog spermatozoa for cooling.
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11
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Gálvez MJ, Ortiz I, Hidalgo M, Morrell JM, Dorado J. Should single layer centrifugation of dog semen be done before or after the semen is cooled? Vet Rec 2015; 176:359. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Gálvez
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - I. Ortiz
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - M. Hidalgo
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - J. M. Morrell
- Division of Reproduction; Department of Clinical Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7054 Uppsala SE-75007 Sweden
| | - J. Dorado
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
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12
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Hidalgo M, Portero JM, Demyda-Peyrás S, Ortiz I, Dorado J. Cryopreservation of canine semen after cold storage in a Neopor box: effect of extender, centrifugation and storage time. Vet Rec 2014; 175:20. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hidalgo
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - J. M. Portero
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - S. Demyda-Peyrás
- MERAGEM Research Group; Department of Genetics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba 14071 Spain
| | - I. Ortiz
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - J. Dorado
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
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13
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Use of single-layer centrifugation with Androcoll-C to enhance sperm quality in frozen-thawed dog semen. Theriogenology 2013; 80:955-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Dorado J, Alcaraz L, Gálvez M, Acha D, Ortiz I, Urbano M, Hidalgo M. Single-layer centrifugation through PureSperm® 80 selects improved quality spermatozoa from frozen-thawed dog semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 140:232-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Ramón M, Pérez-Guzmán MD, Jiménez-Rabadán P, Esteso MC, García-Álvarez O, Maroto-Morales A, Anel-López L, Soler AJ, Fernández-Santos MR, Garde JJ. Sperm cell population dynamics in ram semen during the cryopreservation process. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59189. [PMID: 23544054 PMCID: PMC3609831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sperm cryopreservation has become an indispensable tool in biology. Initially, studies were aimed towards the development of efficient freezing protocols in different species that would allow for an efficient storage of semen samples for long periods of time, ensuring its viability. Nowadays, it is widely known that an important individual component exists in the cryoresistance of semen, and efforts are aimed at identifying those sperm characteristics that may allow us to predict this cryoresistance. This knowledge would lead, ultimately, to the design of optimized freezing protocols for the sperm characteristics of each male. Methodology/Principal Findings We have evaluated the changes that occur in the sperm head dimensions throughout the cryopreservation process. We have found three different patterns of response, each of one related to a different sperm quality at thawing. We have been able to characterize males based on these patterns. For each male, its pattern remained constant among different ejaculates. This latter would imply that males always respond in the same way to freezing, giving even more importance to this sperm feature. Conclusions/Significance Changes in the sperm head during cryopreservation process have resulted useful to identify the ability of semen of males for freezing. We suggest that analyses of these response patterns would represent an important tool to characterize the cryoresistance of males when implemented within breeding programs. We also propose follow-up experiments to examine the outcomes of the use of different freezing protocols depending on the pattern of response of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramón
- CERSYRA, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Valdepeñas, Spain.
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Santana M, Batista M, Alamo D, González F, Niño T, Cabrera F, Gracia A. Influence of cool storage before freezing on the quality of frozen-thawed semen samples in dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:165-70. [PMID: 22681386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determinate the semen quality of frozen-thawed samples that were chilled for up to 2 days before freezing. The ejaculates (n = 18) from six dogs were collected, pooled and divided into six aliquots. The first aliquot (C, control) was frozen in liquid nitrogen using a conventional protocol to reach a final concentration of 100 × 10(6) spermatozoa/ml, 20% egg yolk and 5% glycerol. The remaining five aliquots were diluted with a chilled extender (Tris-glucose and 20% egg yolk) and cooled at 4 °C as follows: R1, the semen was cooled for 1 h; R6, the semen was cooled for 6 h; R12, the semen was cooled for 12 h; R24, the semen was cooled for 24 h and R48, the semen was cooled for 48 h. After the chilling period, a second extender was added (Tris-glucose, 20% egg yolk, 10% glycerol and Equex at 1%) to reach a final composition similar to aliquot C, and then, the semen samples (R1, R6, R12, R24 and R48) were frozen in liquid nitrogen. The post-thaw sperm quality was assessed in 30 straws from each experimental group. After freezing-thawing, the total sperm motility (approximately 60-70%) in the semen chilled for up to 48 h did not show any differences from the samples frozen by the conventional cryopreservation method (63.2%). No significant differences were detected in the percentages of abnormal sperm cells among the fresh semen, the control group and the frozen samples after the different cooling times. Finally, the post-thaw percentages of damaged acrosomes showed a very uniform distribution, with mean values ranging between 7% and 10.5%. The results clearly demonstrated that cooling the semen up to 48 h before freezing did not produce a decrease in the semen quality when was compared with semen frozen by a traditional procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Santana
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Batista M, Santana M, Alamo D, González F, Niño T, Cabrera F, Gracia A. Effects of Incubation Temperature and Semen Pooling on the Viability of Fresh, Chilled and Freeze-Thawed Canine Semen Samples. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47:1049-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Kumaresan A, Siqueira AP, Hossain MS, Johannisson A, Eriksson I, Wallgren M, Bergqvist AS. Quantification of kinetic changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in boar spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:531-42. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm is associated with capacitation in several mammalian species. Although tyrosine phosphorylated proteins have been demonstrated in cryopreserved sperm, indicating capacitation-like changes during cryopreservation, these changes have not yet been quantified objectively. We monitored tyrosine phosphorylation, intracellular calcium and sperm kinematics throughout the cryopreservation process, and studied the relationships among them in boar spermatozoa. Sperm kinetics changed significantly during cryopreservation: curvilinear velocity, average path velocity and straight line velocity all decreased significantly (P < 0.05). While the percentage of sperm with high intracellular calcium declined (P < 0.05), global phosphorylation increased significantly (P < 0.01). Specifically, cooling to 5°C induced phosphorylation in the spermatozoa. After cooling, a 32-kDa protein not observed in fresh semen appeared and was consistently present throughout the cryopreservation process. While the level of expression of this phosphoprotein decreased after addition of the second extender, frozen–thawed spermatozoa showed an increased expression. The proportion of sperm cells with phosphorylation in the acrosomal area also increased significantly (P < 0.05) during cryopreservation, indicating that phosphorylation might be associated with capacitation-like changes. These results provide the first quantitative evidence of dynamic changes in the subpopulation of boar spermatozoa undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation during cryopreservation.
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Comparing ethylene glycol with glycerol for cryopreservation of buffalo bull semen in egg-yolk containing extenders. Theriogenology 2011; 76:833-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dorado J, Gálvez M, Murabito M, Muñoz-Serrano A, Hidalgo M. Identification of sperm subpopulations in canine ejaculates: Effects of cold storage and egg yolk concentration. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 127:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Dorado J, Alcaráz L, Duarte N, Portero J, Acha D, Demyda S, Muñoz-Serrano A, Hidalgo M. Centrifugation on PureSperm® density-gradient improved quality of spermatozoa from frozen-thawed dog semen. Theriogenology 2011; 76:381-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Carretero MI, Giuliano SM, Casaretto CI, Gambarotta MC, Neild DM. Evaluation of the effect of cooling and of the addition of collagenase on llama sperm DNA using toluidine blue. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:239-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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23
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Dorado J, Alcaráz L, Duarte N, Portero J, Acha D, Hidalgo M. Changes in the structures of motile sperm subpopulations in dog spermatozoa after both cryopreservation and centrifugation on PureSperm® gradient. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 125:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Anel L, Gomes-Alves S, Alvarez M, Borragan S, Anel E, Nicolas M, Martinez-Pastor F, de Paz P. Effect of basic factors of extender composition on post-thawing quality of brown bear electroejaculated spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2010; 74:643-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Nizański W, Klimowicz M, Partyka A, Savić M, Dubiel A. Effects of the inclusion of Equex STM into Tris-based extender on the motility of dog spermatozoa incubated at 5 degrees C. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 44 Suppl 2:363-5. [PMID: 19754605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of Equex STM on sperm motion characteristics in chilled dog semen extended in Tris-based diluent. Thirty-two ejaculates were collected from 12 proven German shepherd stud dogs. The sperm-rich fractions were diluted in Tris-based extender with 1% (v/v) Equex STM (sample A) and in Tris-based extender with no addition of detergent (sample B). The extended semen was incubated for 240 h at 5 degrees C and the motility parameters were evaluated by CASA system at 24-h intervals. Addition of Equex STM to Tris-based extender led to an initial activation of motion activity of spermatozoa, followed by a rapid decrease, shortening the lifespan of spermatozoa incubated at 5 degrees C. Computer-assisted sperm analysis clearly showed that Equex STM-induced changes of sperm motion characteristics resemble the hyperactivation (HA) of spermatozoa associated with the capacitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nizański
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Beccaglia M, Anastasi P, Luvoni GC. Freezing of canine semen in an animal-free protein extender. Vet Res Commun 2009; 33 Suppl 1:77-80. [PMID: 19575304 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Beccaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Underwood SL, Bathgate R, Maxwell WMC, Evans G. Development of Procedures for Sex-sorting Frozen-Thawed Bovine Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44:460-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Buranaamnuay K, Tummaruk P, Singlor J, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Techakumphu M. Effects of Straw Volume and Equex-STM®on Boar Sperm Quality after Cryopreservation. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44:69-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Effects of taurine and hypotaurine supplementation and ionophore concentrations on post-thaw acrosome reaction of dog spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2009; 71:248-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Cryopreservation of dog semen: The effects of Equex STM paste on plasma membrane fluidity and the control of intracellular free calcium. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 110:147-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Ponglowhapan S, Chatdarong K. Effects of Equex STM Paste on the quality of frozen-thawed epididymal dog spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2008; 69:666-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Schäfer-Somi S, Aurich C. Use of a new computer-assisted sperm analyzer for the assessment of motility and viability of dog spermatozoa and evaluation of four different semen extenders for predilution. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 102:1-13. [PMID: 17045428 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Revised: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate a new computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA; SpermVision, Minitüb, G) for the analysis of canine spermatozoa, and to suggest suitable semen diluents that should influence motility and viability parameters to the lowest extent. For these purposes, the sperm-rich fractions from 40 ejaculates were diluted with either saline (S), PBS, autologous prostate secretion (third fraction, PROST) or a modified TRIS buffer (TRIS; [Pena, A., Johannisson, A., Linde-Forsberg, C., 1999. Post-thaw evaluation of dog spermatozoa using new triple fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Theriogenology 52, 965-980]). Viability was investigated both objectively with SYBR-14/PI in SpermVision and subjectively with carboxyfluoresceindiacetate (CFDA) fluorescence stains by optical microscopy. For all diluents and for most parameters, the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 10% and 20%. Effects after dilution with TRIS and PROST were similar, but only after dilution with TRIS, total motility significantly correlated with estimated motility in raw semen (P<0.01, R=+0.514). After dilution, estimated and measured motility values were positively related, but correlated significantly with PBS only (P<0.01). After dilution with PBS and S, all motility parameters were significantly lower in comparison with PROST and TRIS, and after dilution with PBS, significantly more membrane damages occurred than with TRIS, S and PROST (P<0.05, <0.05 and <0.01). In samples diluted with TRIS, membrane integrity of spermatozoa determined with SYBR-14/PI and CFDA staining correlated significantly (R=+0.686; P<0.01). Concerning the location of membrane damages, no differences appeared after dilution with different media. In conclusion, SpermVision proved to be an accurate analyzer for the objective assessment of both motility and viability of canine spermatozoa. TRIS and PROST were the media with the lowest influences on parameters of canine semen, and are therefore recommendable for the use in SpermVision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schäfer-Somi
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Nöthling JO, Dolieslager SMJ, Fillekes R, Colenbrander B. Thawing dog spermatozoa in just-boiled water: Submersion time and effect on sperm quality compared to thawing in water at 70°C. Theriogenology 2007; 68:530-7. [PMID: 17572482 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dog spermatozoa have better quality after thawing in water at 70-75 degrees C instead of 35-38 degrees C. The aim of Experiment 1 was to determine the time needed to thaw 0.5 mL straws in just-boiled (98 degrees C) water and that of Experiment 2 to determine whether thawing frozen dog spermatozoa in just-boiled water will result in better quality than thawing in water at 70 degrees C. Prior to freezing the straws of Experiment 1, a Type J thermocouple with wire diameters of 0.08 mm (Osiris Technical Systems, Centurion, South Africa) was placed in the center of each of ninety-three 0.5 mL straws (IMV Technologies, L'Aigle, France) filled with extender (Biladyl* with 0.5%, v/v of Equex STM paste**) and 54 filled with extender plus 200 x 10(6)spermatozoa/mL (Minitüb, Germany (*) and Nova Chemical Sales, MA (**)). Thirty straws with extender were thawed in water at 70 degrees C and the others in just-boiled water. Temperatures inside straws were recorded 10 times/s during warming. Two ejaculates were then collected from each of eight dogs and one from each of three others. Extended ejaculates from the same dog were pooled, frozen 8 cm above liquid nitrogen, and 2 straws from each of the 11 batches thawed in water at 70 degrees C for 8s and 2 in just-boiled water for 6.5s. Sperm morphology and viability were assessed on eosin-nigrosin smears made after thawing and the percentage progressively motile spermatozoa was estimated immediately, 1, 2 and 3h after thawing. The optimal submersion time in just-boiled water was 6.5s for both sperm concentrations, resulting in average temperatures of 23.6+/-1.5 degrees C (+/-S.E.M.) and 24.9+/-1.6 degrees C inside straws with extender or extender plus spermatozoa (P=0.6). The temperature inside straws thawed in water at 70 degrees C was 13.6+/-1.7 degrees C after 8s. Apart from a 1.5% higher (P<0.05) mean percentage motile sperm 2h after thawing, thawing dog spermatozoa in just-boiled (98 degrees C) water holds no benefit over thawing in water at 70 degrees C, which is easier to do.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Nöthling
- Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Rota A, Milani C, Romagnoli S. Effect of post-thaw dilution with autologous prostatic fluid on dog semen motility and sperm acrosome status. Theriogenology 2007; 67:520-5. [PMID: 17010416 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of post-thaw dilution with autologous prostatic fluid on motility parameters, longevity and acrosome status of frozen-thawed dog spermatozoa. After semen collection, seminal plasma was separated by centrifugation and stored frozen until use. Sperm pellets were diluted in two steps with an egg yolk-Tris extender to a final concentration of 5% glycerol and 0.5% Equex STM Paste. After thawing, semen was diluted 1:2 either with Tris buffer or with the autologous prostatic fluid. Motility was evaluated using a phase contrast microscope and a computer-assisted motility analyser system immediately after thawing and at hourly intervals up for 4h at 38 degrees C. The status of acrosomes was assessed with Spermac stain at thawing and after 2 h of incubation. Motility and straight line velocity were initially higher in prostatic fluid-diluted samples (0 h and 0 and 1h, respectively), but decreased to values similar to those of Tris-diluted samples in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, both the curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement were lower in prostatic fluid-diluted samples (1 and 3 h and 0, 1 and 3 h, respectively). The dilution did not have any significant effect on the percentage of acrosome-intact spermatozoa at either thawing or after 2 h. The pattern of motility of prostatic fluid-diluted samples suggests a reduction in hyperactivated motility with time, even though prostatic fluid neither prolonged spermatozoa longevity nor had any effect on the status of spermatozoa acrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Rota
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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35
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Nöthling JO, Gerber D, Colenbrander B, Dijkstra M, Bakker T, De Cramer K. The effect of homologous prostatic fluid on motility and morphology of dog epididymal spermatozoa extended and frozen in Biladyl with Equex STM paste or Andromed. Theriogenology 2007; 67:264-75. [PMID: 16962165 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although dog prostatic fluid decreases the longevity of ejaculated dog spermatozoa, it also increases their rate of motility and their fertility after vaginal insemination, as well as the fertility of epididymal spermatozoa after uterine insemination. These findings indicate a need to further characterize the effects of prostatic fluid on dog spermatozoa. This study was done to determine the effects (P<0.05) of homologous prostatic fluid added prior to cooling, after thawing, or at both times to epididymal spermatozoa from 21 dogs. The effects of two extenders were also determined. The one extender was Biladyl(*) with Equex STM paste(**) (BilEq) and the other Andromed(*) (Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany (*); Nova Chemical Sales, Scituate, MA, USA (**)). The response variables were percentage progressively motile spermatozoa (Prog) and morphology after thawing. Prog was measured at various times until 8h after extension (unfrozen spermatozoa) or until 2h after thawing. Prog after thawing was higher with BilEq than Andromed, when no prostatic fluid was added prior to cooling, and when prostatic fluid was added after thawing. BilEq resulted in a higher mean percentage of spermatozoa with bent principle pieces than Andromed and the addition of prostatic fluid prior to cooling resulted in lower mean percentages of cytoplasmic droplets and bent principle pieces than when none was added. The optimal combination was BilEq with prostatic fluid added prior to cooling (in order to inhibit the development of bent principle pieces) and after thawing (to achieve higher motility until 1h after thawing). This study shows that BilEq is more suitable for the freezing of epididymal spermatozoa than Andromed and that prostatic fluid improves the freezability and post-thaw longevity of epididymal spermatozoa frozen in BilEq.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Nöthling
- Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
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Hori T, Kaseki H, Fukuhara Y, Oba H, Mizutani T, Kawakami E, Tsutsui T. Effects of addition of sodium lauryl sulfate on frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:1125-8. [PMID: 17085897 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of Orvus ES paste (OEP) to extender may be essential for preparing frozen dog semen. The major ingredient of OEP is sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). In this study, we compared the effect of SLS on frozen dog semen with that of OEP. There were no significant differences between the 2-mg/ml SLS group and OEP group concerning sperm motility, viability and the percentage of viable sperm with intact acrosomes after freeze-thawing. These results suggest that the effectiveness of frozen dog semen extender containing 2 mg/ml of SLS is similar effective to that demonstrated for OEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hori
- Department of Reproduction, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Batista M, Alamo D, González F, Cruz MG, Gracia A. Influence of the Freezing Technique (Nitrogen Liquid vs Ultrafreezer of ?152�C) and Male-to-Male Variation Over the Semen Quality in Canarian Mastiff Breed Dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2006; 41:423-8. [PMID: 16984348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the in vitro quality of canine semen frozen in an ultrafreezer at -152 degrees C and to evaluate the male-to-male variation of frozen semen in five male dogs of the Canarian Mastiff breed. Four ejaculates of each dog were processed individually (5% glycerol and 0.5% Equex) to reach a final concentration of 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml. Then, two freezing techniques were tested to assess the seminal quality (sperm motility, live spermatozoa and abnormal sperm cell percentages) at 1, 30, 60, 120 and 360 days after freezing: (i) semen was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen; (ii) semen was frozen and stored in the ultrafreezer at -152 degrees C. After freezing-thawing, both freezing protocols showed no significant differences in sperm motility and the percentages of live and abnormal spermatozoa. On the other hand, the microscopic characteristics of spermatozoa in fresh semen were practically similar among males; however, after the semen processing and freezing, significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) among males, especially as regards sperm motility. This inter-individual variability was detected in both freezing protocols, showing that the male-to-male variation in the seminal quality post-freezing was independent of the freezing technique used. The in vitro results obtained in the Canarian Mastiff breed confirmed that the use of ultra-freezers at -152 degrees C is a potential alternative to liquid nitrogen for storing canine semen for long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Batista
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Abstract
Pure dog breeding is experiencing growing interest. Assisted reproductive technologies are each time demanded more by the small animal practitioner. In this paper different semen technologies are briefly reviewed under the perspective of the authors. In addition, new trends in the evaluation of canine ejaculates, developed in the laboratory of the authors are discussed. The existence of sperm subpopulations defined based both on kinematics and morphometric characteristics of the spermatozoa is now widely accepted by the scientific community. In the laboratory of the authors new, simpler and more straightforward statistical tools have been used to disclose the sperm subpopulation structure in the canine ejaculate. The study of the sperm subpopulation structure and its changes after cryopreservation has allowed us to gain an insight into the differences in freezeability among dogs, and also predict to a great extent the outcome of a cryopreservation procedure of a given semen sample. New techniques to evaluate early membrane changes have also been recently developed in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Peña
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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Tebet JM, Martins MIM, Chirinea VH, Souza FF, Campagnol D, Lopes MD. Cryopreservation effects on domestic cat epididymal versus electroejaculated spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2006; 66:1629-32. [PMID: 16546245 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa have already been successfully used in artificial insemination in the domestic cat, proving to be a valuable resource for the reproduction of felid species, which are threatened with extinction. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of freezing and thawing on domestic cat semen collected by electroejaculation (EL) and from the epididymides (EP) and vasa deferentia. Ten adult cats were anesthetized, electroejaculated and immediately thereafter, orchiectomized. Epididymal spermatozoa were collected through the compression of caudae epididymidis and vasa deferentia. Spermatozoa were frozen-thawed following a single protocol. Sperm motility, sperm progressive status (0-5), plasma membrane integrity and morphology (light and transmission electron microscope) were assessed on two occasions, immediately after collection and after freezing and thawing. There were no significant differences between the electroejaculated and epididymal fresh or frozen-thawed spermatozoa for any of the variables. However, the incidence of acrosome defects after freezing and thawing increased by 19% based on light microscopy, whereas ultrastructural images revealed acrosome damages in most sperm cells. Since these acrosomal changes are known to affect sperm fertilising capacity, further studies are needed to optimize cryopreservation techniques for epididymal as well as electroejaculated domestic cat spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tebet
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Jr, 18100-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Zindl C, Asa CS, Günzel-Apel AR. Influence of cooling rates and addition of Equex pasta on cooled and frozen-thawed semen of generic gray (Canis lupus) and Mexican gray wolves (C. l. baileyi). Theriogenology 2006; 66:1797-802. [PMID: 16472849 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A current priority for the preservation of the endangered Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) is the development of a sperm-based genome resource bank for subsequent use in artificial insemination. To optimize the quality of cryopreserved sperm, the procedures involved in processing semen before and during freezing need to be improved. The aim of this study were to examine the effects of: (i) different cooling periods before freezing and (ii) addition of Equex pasta (Minitüb, Tübingen, Germany) on the characteristics of sperm from the generic gray wolf and the Mexican gray wolf after cooling and cryopreservation. For Mexican wolf sperm, cooling for 0.5 and 1.0 h had a less detrimental effect on cell morphology than cooling for 2.5 h, whereas the slower cooling rate (2.5 h) had a less detrimental effect on functional parameters and seemed to cause less damage to plasma membrane and acrosome integrity than 0.5 and 1.0 h. For the generic gray wolf, cooling semen for 2.5 h had less detrimental effect on plasma membrane integrity and viability; together with the 0.5 h cooling time, it yielded the highest percentages of intact acrosomes. As previously shown in the domestic dog, Equex pasta had no beneficial effect on sperm characteristics in either wolf species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zindl
- Research Department, Saint Louis Zoo, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Nizański W. Intravaginal insemination of bitches with fresh and frozen-thawed semen with addition of prostatic fluid: Use of an infusion pipette and the Osiris catheter. Theriogenology 2006; 66:470-83. [PMID: 16439010 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One hundred fifty-two bitches of seven breeds were vaginally inseminated with fresh or frozen-thawed semen of 10 stud dogs of respective breeds. The semen was supplemented with prostatic fluid before insemination. In experiment 1 bitches of each breed were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, consisting of 29 females (group 1), 33 females (group 2) and 32 females (group 3). In group 1 bitches were inseminated into vagina with fresh semen using a bovine infusion pipette. In group 2 bitches were inseminated into vagina with fresh semen using the Osiris catheter. In group 3 bitches were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen with the Osiris catheter. The number of sperms in each insemination dose was adjusted to 300 x 10(6). In experiment two bitches were randomly assigned to two treatment groups, consisting of 30 females (group A) and 28 females (group B). In group A bitches were inseminated with fresh semen, whereas in group B with frozen-thawed semen. Osiris catheter was used in both groups. The total number of sperms was adjusted to provide 250 x 10(6) of progressively motile spermatozoa in each insemination dose. In experiment 1 the pregnancy rates/whelping rates were 86.2/82.8%, 81.8/81.8% and 59.4/59.4% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The differences between group 1 and 3 were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The litter sizes at birth/litter sizes at weaning were 5.8+/-2.3/5.4+/-2.0, 6.3+/-1.4/5.7+/-1.0 and 3.9+/-1.2/3.5+/-1.5 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The litter size at birth and at weaning was reduced (p < 0.05) when frozen-thawed semen was used for insemination (group 3). There were not significant (p > 0.05) differences in the litter size between groups 1 and 2. In experiment 2 pregnancy rates/whelping rates and litter sizes at birth/litter sizes at weaning were 86.7/86.7%, 60.7/57.1% (p < 0.05) and 6.1+/-1.6/5.7+/-1.7, 4.0+/-1.4/3.8+/-1.4 (p < 0.05) in groups A and B, respectively. This study shows that results of AI with a fresh semen using a bovine infusion pipette and the Osiris catheter are equivalent. The results of the use of the Osiris catheter for vaginal insemination of frozen-thawed dog semen extended with prostatic fluid after thawing are not encouraging. The pregnancy rate, whelping rate and litter size are reduced when frozen-thawed, prostatic fluid-supplemented semen is vaginally deposited using the Osiris catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Nizański
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction, Ruminants Diseases and Animal Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland.
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Schäfer-Somi S, Kluger S, Knapp E, Klein D, Aurich C. Effects of semen extender and semen processing on motility and viability of frozen-thawed dog spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2006; 66:173-82. [PMID: 16359725 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were, to assess the effects of semen centrifugation, two different diluents and two different freezing methods on post-thaw semen quality in canine semen, and to elucidate the interdependence of these parameters. For this purpose, the sperm-rich fractions of ejaculates from 12 healthy male beagles were divided into four aliquots. Two aliquots were centrifuged and resuspended with two TRIS-egg yolk based extenders: with Uppsala and Gill extender (Gill). The diluents differed in the concentration of glycerol and in the admixture of Equex STM paste (Nova Chemical Sales Inc., Scituate, MA, USA). Diluted semen was frozen either in a styrofoam box or with a computerized freezing machine and an optimized freezing curve (IceCube 1,810; Sy-Lab, Purkersdorf, A). The change in temperature inside the straws was measured during the freezing procedure. Thawed semen samples were assessed for motility and viability (SYBR-14/PI) using the computer assisted sperm analyzer SpermVision (Minitüb, G) and a modified triple staining technique (flow cytometry). Deep freezing in the machine resulted in better motility and viability than in the box. The combination centrifugation-Uppsala extender-machine was superior to all other combinations, which was most evident after storage at +5 degrees C for 7 h (motility: 53.1%, viability: 64.9%). Post-thaw longevity and progressive motility were significantly improved by the use of the here introduced freezing curve. This was shown to be partly caused by less pronounced fluctuations of temperature inside the straws when compared to box-freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schäfer-Somi
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria.
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Rota A, Milani C, Cabianca G, Martini M. Comparison between glycerol and ethylene glycol for dog semen cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2006; 65:1848-58. [PMID: 16310841 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ethylene glycol versus glycerol for dog semen freezing, on post-thaw longevity, motility and motility parameters, and on plasma membrane functional integrity. Semen was diluted in two steps with an egg yolk TRIS extender containing a final concentration of either 5% glycerol or 5% ethylene glycol, and frozen in 0.5 ml straws, with 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml, over nitrogen vapours. Semen motility was evaluated both under a light microscope and with a Computer Assisted Motility Analyser System, immediately after thawing and then hourly till 4h of incubation. Sperm membrane functional integrity was assessed with the hypoosmotic swelling test (60 mOsm fructose solution) applied at thawing and then hourly, for 4 h, on incubated samples. Motility (light microscope) and total and progressive motility (analyser) were significantly higher in ethylene glycol frozen samples at thawing (P < 0.01); from hour 1 onwards the effect of the cryoprotectant became not significant. Semen frozen with ethylene glycol showed higher path velocity and higher straight line velocity till 3 h after thawing; however, ethylene glycol semen samples also showed higher curvilinear velocity and higher lateral head displacement, which may indicate a capacitation-like condition affecting sperm membranes and possibly reducing post-thaw longevity. Functional integrity of plasma membrane was similar in glycerol and ethylene glycol samples till 3 h after thawing, then ethylene glycol samples showed a higher decline. The strong though short-lived positive effect of ethylene glycol is worth being evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Rota
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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Chaveiro A, Machado L, Frijters A, Engel B, Woelders H. Improvement of parameters of freezing medium and freezing protocol for bull sperm using two osmotic supports. Theriogenology 2006; 65:1875-90. [PMID: 16310842 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the freezing protocol of bull sperm, by investigating the influence on sperm viability after freeze/thawing of different freezing medium components, as well as the effect of cooling rates in the different stages of the cooling protocol, in single factor experiments. The experimental variables were: (1) salt-based versus a sugar-based medium (Tris versus sucrose); (2) glycerol concentration; (3) detergent (Equex) concentration; (4) presence of bicarbonate; (5) rate of cooling from 22 degrees C to holding temperature (CR1); (6) holding temperature (HT); (7) rate of cooling from holding temperature to -6 degrees C (CR2); (8) rate of cooling from -10 to -100 degrees C (CR3). All experiments were performed using five bulls per experiment (three ejaculates per bull). Sperm motility after freezing and thawing was assessed by CASA system, and sperm membrane integrity was assessed by flow cytometry. Sucrose-based medium did not offer a clear significant benefit compared to Tris medium. The concentration of Equex that gave the best results in Tris-based media group and sucrose-based media group was in a range between 2-7 and 4-7 g/l, respectively. In both media groups, a glycerol concentration of 800 mM was the best in any post-thaw viability parameters. In the Tris media group, the presence of bicarbonate had a negative effect on sperm viability. CR1 and CR2 had no significant effect on any of the post-thaw sperm viability parameters, but a CR1=0.2 degrees C/min and CR2=4 degrees C/min appeared to give better results in both media. The holding temperature (HT) that gave the best results was found to be in the range of 5-9 degrees C. There was a significant disadvantage of using a low CR3 of 10 degrees C/min, while 150 degrees C/min appeared to be the best cooling rate for either medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chaveiro
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, Division Animal Husbandry, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Cortes CJ, Codelia VA, Manosalva I, de Lange J, De Los Reyes M, Moreno RD. Proacrosin/acrosin quantification as an indicator of acrosomal integrity in fresh and frozen dog spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 93:165-75. [PMID: 16169165 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The scope of the present study was to evaluate the presence and activation of proacrosin/acrosin as a tool to determine the acrosomal status of fresh and frozen/thawed dog spermatozoa. Monoclonal antibody C5F11, directed against human acrosin, cross-reacted with dog spermatozoa and labeled the acrosome of both fresh and frozen/thawed dog spermatozoa. Frozen/thawed spermatozoa had a lesser proportion of labeled spermatozoa than fresh spermatozoa (P<0.05). When live spermatozoa were labeled with soybean trypsin inhibitor conjugated with Alexa 488 (SBTI-Alexa 488), the proportion of acrosome-labeled fresh spermatozoa was less than frozen/thawed spermatozoa (P<0.05). By using Western blots and enzymatic activity, frozen/thawed spermatozoa had a greater proportion of active acrosin than fresh spermatozoa. In addition, beta 1,4-galactosyl-transferase (GalT), a plasma membrane bound protein, remained attached to frozen/thawed spermatozoa. Proacrosin is activated during freezing/thawing of dog spermatozoa, and that proacrosin/acrosin may be a good indicator of acrosomal integrity of frozen/thawed spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza J Cortes
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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Petrunkina AM, Volker G, Brandt H, Töpfer-Petersen E, Waberski D. Functional significance of responsiveness to capacitating conditions in boar spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1766-82. [PMID: 15935460 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2004] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New methods are needed for rapid and sensitive assessment of sperm function. As the ability to fertilize an oocyte is acquired during the capacitation process, assessments of sperm function have to be performed under fertilizing conditions. In this study, we monitored the dynamics of the temporal response of sperm from ejaculates of both fertile and subfertile boars to capacitating conditions in vitro (responsiveness) by following the changes in the response to calcium ionophore treatment and in [Ca(2+)](i). The differences between individual males were also investigated. Ionophore-induced changes and increased intracellular calcium ion content in boar spermatozoa were found to progress as a function of time during incubation under capacitating conditions. After primary kinetic analysis, 120 min was chosen as the point in time for assessment of responsiveness. Intra-boar variability in responsiveness parameters was relatively high (variation coefficient CV>30%), especially in the response to ionophore treatment, indicating that an isolated test may be inadequate for the evaluation of sperm function. Despite this high variability, there were markedly significant individual differences with respect to changes during capacitation, and there were significant correlations between conventional and responsiveness sperm parameters. The population of samples from subfertile boars, was found to be heterogeneous in regard to sperm responsiveness to capacitating conditions. There were two significantly different classes of subfertile boars ("low" and "high" responders), indicating that fertility may be associated with suboptimal rather than maximal response (both too rapid and too slow membrane changes). Therefore, criteria for quality judgement should include both the low and upper limits of responsiveness. The use of responsiveness parameters together with conventional spermatological parameters improved the prediction level of multiple regression models for farrowing rate and litter size. It can be concluded that the combination of sperm responsiveness parameters applied here is a suitable tool for the evaluation of sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Petrunkina
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Petrunkina AM, Gröpper B, Töpfer-Petersen E, Günzel-Apel AR. Volume regulatory function and sperm membrane dynamics as parameters for evaluating cryoprotective efficiency of a freezing extender. Theriogenology 2005; 63:1390-406. [PMID: 15725446 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past years a series of functional assays has been developed to determine the structural, morphological and functional integrity of the plasma membrane and sperm acrosomal membrane. Cell volume regulation is an important physiological function crucial for the success of cryopreservation. In this study, the effects induced by freezing-thawing were judged by evaluating the functional characteristics of frozen-thawed semen samples submitted to secondary stress such as osmotic challenge or incubation under capacitating conditions, following cryopreservation. Prior to freezing, dog semen samples were diluted in the presence or absence of Equex STM Paste, which contains sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as the active ingredient. Cell volume regulation and capacitation and calcium ionophore-induced membrane dynamics were assessed in freshly diluted and frozen-thawed semen samples by electronic volume measurement and flow cytometry. Cryopreservation led to a disturbance of the volume regulatory function and to a rapid decrease in the proportion of acrosome-reacted live spermaotozoa. Extender containing Equex STM Paste had a protective effect on isotonic cell volume, on regulatory function under hypertonic conditions, and on the proportion of live acrosome-reacted cells. The evaluation of the functional state of sperm submitted to secondary stress after freezing-thawing leads to a more subtle characterization of sperm function and helps improve the cryoprotective efficiency of the extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Petrunkina
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 15, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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Petrunkina AM, Volker G, Weitze KF, Beyerbach M, Töpfer-Petersen E, Waberski D. Detection of cooling-induced membrane changes in the response of boar sperm to capacitating conditions. Theriogenology 2005; 63:2278-99. [PMID: 15826690 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Revised: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for methods of rapid and sensitive sperm function assessment. As spermatozoa are not able to fertilize an oocyte before having undergone a series of complex physiological changes collectively called capacitation, it is logical to assess sperm function under fertilizing conditions in vitro. In this study, the responsiveness of sperm to capacitating conditions in vitro was monitored by changes in sperm response to ionophore and by changes in the amount of intracellular calcium ions in stored boar semen. Boar semen was diluted at 32 and 20 degrees C and stored for 24 and 72 h at 16 and 10 degrees C. Ionophore-induced changes and increased intracellular calcium ion content in boar spermatozoa were recorded by flow cytometry and found to progress as a function of time during incubation under capacitating conditions. All responsiveness parameters (increases in proportions of membrane-defective spermatozoa, acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, and cells with high intracellular calcium levels) were shown to be sensitive to subtle physiological changes occurring at low storage temperatures. The initial levels of sperm with a high calcium content were higher in semen stored at 10 degrees C, but the accumulation of internal calcium was lower than in semen stored at 16 degrees C. The loss of membrane integrity and increase in the proportion of acrosome-reacted cells were higher in semen stored at 10 degrees C. Dilution at 20 degrees C had no negative effect on membrane integrity or responsiveness to capacitating conditions. There was no significant difference between semen stored for 24 and 72 h in terms of membrane integrity, acrosome reaction, and intracellular calcium after capacitation treatment. However, dynamics of cell death and acrosome reaction in response to capacitating conditions were somewhat accelerated after 72 h storage, especially in semen stored at 10 degrees C. It can be concluded that the simultaneous use of the sperm membrane responsiveness and kinetic parameters is a sensitive tool for the detection of storage-related membrane changes in boar semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Petrunkina
- Institute for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Alamo D, Batista M, González F, Rodríguez N, Cruz G, Cabrera F, Gracia A. Cryopreservation of semen in the dog: use of ultra-freezers of −152 °C as a viable alternative to liquid nitrogen. Theriogenology 2005; 63:72-82. [PMID: 15589274 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2003] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This experimental work was carried out to validate the use of a -152 degrees C ultra-low temperature freezer to freeze and store canine semen. The semen of three dogs was pooled and processed to obtain a final dilution with a concentration of 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL, glycerol at 5% and Equex at 0.5%. Then, four freezing protocols were tested to evaluate the cryosurvival of sperm at 1, 7, 30, 60 and 120 days after freezing: (I) semen was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen; (II) semen was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in the ultra-low freezer at -152 degrees C; (III) semen was frozen in the vapour of liquid nitrogen and stored in the ultra-low freezer at -152 degrees C; (IV) semen was frozen and stored in the ultra-low freezer at -152 degrees C. Data were statistically analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance to determine the effect of the freezing protocol and time on the sperm characteristics assessed. The percentages of sperm motility and of dead/live spermatozoa were similar throughout the experimental period, with no significant differences (P < 0.05) to be observed between four different freezing techniques tested. At 120 days after freezing, the percentage of abnormal cells and the percentage of sperm cells with abnormal acrosome were not significantly different between the freezing techniques. Although the number of dogs used was slightly low, in vitro results of this preliminary study showed that the use of ultra-freezers at -152 degrees C to freeze and store canine semen could be a viable alternative to liquid nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Alamo
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Ponglowhapan S, Essén-Gustavsson B, Linde Forsberg C. Influence of glucose and fructose in the extender during long-term storage of chilled canine semen. Theriogenology 2004; 62:1498-517. [PMID: 15451258 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Revised: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 02/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of chilled, extended semen in dog breeding is becoming increasingly popular as preparation and transportation is less expensive and regulations are often less complicated than for frozen semen. Sugar is one of the main constituents in semen extenders, and glucose and fructose are metabolized in separate pathways by freshly ejaculated dog sperm. In this study, glucose, fructose or an equal mixture of both were used in an egg-yolk-tris (EYT) extender at two different concentrations (10 and 70 mM). EYT extender without sugar supplementation, providing only the glucose (3-4 mM) originating from the egg-yolk, served as a control. The longevity of the chilled semen at 5 degrees C was 23 days: the quality of physical and functional characteristics decreasing with time. Glucose and fructose had a strong influence on motility and movement patterns of chilled canine semen. The beneficial effect of 70 mM sugar concentrations compared to 10 mM and the control was pronounced, and maintained sperm motility > or = 70% for 8 days of storage, compared to for 4 days in the control extender. Fructose maintained higher sperm motility than did glucose and the mixture. VAP values were higher in sugar-supplemented extenders (P < 0.05). Neither type nor concentration of the two sugars influenced sperm plasma membrane, acrosome integrity or the acrosome reaction following ionophore challenge (ARIC). Sugar consumption by dog sperm varied between the different periods of storage and with sugar concentrations provided in the extenders. Glucose consumption by dog sperm was greater than fructose consumption when both sugars were present in equal amounts, indicating that dog sperm used glucose in preference to fructose. In conclusion, the major influence of the two sugars on chilled semen was to support motility. EYT extender supplemented with fructose at a concentration of 70 mM was found to be the best of the tested extenders for long-term preservation of chilled canine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7039, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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