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L-Carnitine Supports the In Vitro Growth of Buffalo Oocytes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151957. [PMID: 35953946 PMCID: PMC9367359 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of L-carnitine on the growth and subsequent nuclear maturation of buffalo small growing oocytes (92−108 µm in diameter) in vitro. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were dissected from early antral follicles of slaughtered buffaloes and cultured in in vitro growth (IVG) medium with the supplementation of different concentrations (0, 1.25, 1.875 or 2.5 mM) of L-carnitine for 6 days. The results revealed that L-carnitine increased the diameter of buffalo oocytes in vitro. The degeneration rate was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in 2.5 mM of L-carnitine-treated oocytes (10%) than others (55%, 45% and 32.5% in 0, 1.25 and 1.875 mM of L-carnitine-supplemented groups, respectively). The OGCs showed antrum-like structures significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the 2.5 mM of L-carnitine group (74.0%) than the 0- and 1.25-mM groups (34.6% and 38.1%, respectively). Furthermore, in vitro grown oocytes were placed in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium for 24 h to examine meiotic competence of in vitro grown oocytes with L-carnitine. The L-carnitine (1.875 and 2.5 mM) treated oocytes showed a higher rate of nuclear maturation up to the metaphase II (MII) stage and a lower rate of degeneration. In conclusion, L-carnitine enhances the growth, prevents degeneration, promotes the formation of antrum-like structures and supports nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes in vitro.
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Chen HL, Cheng JY, Yang YF, Li Y, Jiang XH, Yang L, Wu L, Shi M, Liu B, Duan J, Li X, Li QW. Phospholipase C inhibits apoptosis of porcine oocytes cultured in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3547-3559. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li Chen
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jian Yong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - You Fu Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao Han Jiang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Lin Wu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Meihong Shi
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Boyang Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
| | - Qing Wang Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi China
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Inhibition of PDE3A sustains meiotic arrest and gap junction of bovine growing oocytes in in vitro growth culture. Theriogenology 2018; 118:110-118. [PMID: 29886357 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine growing oocytes with a diameter of 105-115 μm from early antral follicles (1.2-1.8 mm) are able to resume meiosis, but lack the competence to mature to metaphase II. To confer full maturation competence onto the oocytes, culture systems which can support their growth and prevent their meiotic resumption during culture are needed. In this study, we cultured growing oocytes for 5 days to examine the effects of different phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on meiotic arrest and acquisition of full maturation competence of growing oocytes, and their gap junctional communication with cumulus cells. Growing oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCs) were cultured with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; broad-spectrum PDE inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4D inhibitor), cilostamide and milrinone (PDE3A inhibitors). The mean diameters of oocytes increased similarly in all groups. IBMX, cilostamide and milrinone induced antrum formation by OCCs and maintained meiotic arrest of oocytes during culture, whereas rolipram neither promoted antrum formation nor maintained oocyte meiotic arrest. Gap junctional communication between oocytes and cumulus cells was maintained by IBMX and cilostamide, but not by rolipram as judged by the transfer of injected lucifer yellow dye from oocytes to cumulus cells. In subsequent in vitro maturation, oocytes grown with IBMX, cilostamide and milrinone showed full maturation competence. These results suggest that PDE3A inhibition maintains the meiotic arrest of bovine growing oocytes and sustains their gap junctional communication with cumulus cells for 5 days, thereby contributing to their acquisition of full maturation competence.
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Alves AE, Padilha-Nakaghi LC, Pires-Butler EA, Apparicio M, Silva NAM, Motheo TF, Vicente WRR, Luvoni GC. Viability and growth of feline preantral folliclesin vitrocultured with insulin growth factor and epidermal growth factor supplemented medium. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52 Suppl 2:93-97. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AE Alves
- Federal University of Uberlândia (FAMEV UFU); Uberlândia Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - LC Padilha-Nakaghi
- Department of Animal Reproduction; São Paulo State University (FCAV Unesp); Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - EA Pires-Butler
- Department of Animal Reproduction; São Paulo State University (FCAV Unesp); Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - NAM Silva
- Federal University of Uberlândia (FAMEV UFU); Uberlândia Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - TF Motheo
- Department of Animal Reproduction; São Paulo State University (FCAV Unesp); Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - WRR Vicente
- Department of Animal Reproduction; São Paulo State University (FCAV Unesp); Jaboticabal São Paulo Brazil
| | - GC Luvoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute; la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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Taketsuru H, Kaneko T. In vitro maturation of immature rat oocytes under simple culture conditions and subsequent developmental ability. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:521-526. [PMID: 27375268 PMCID: PMC5081740 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat oocytes can be produced artificially by superovulation. Because some strains show low sensitivity to superovulation treatment, in vitro maturation is an alternative method to produce numerous matured oocytes. Furthermore, establishment of an in vitro maturation system with simple culture conditions is cost effective and leads to easy handling of oocytes. This study examined developmental ability of rat germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes maturing in vitro under simple culture conditions. Significantly different numbers of ovulated oocytes reached the second metaphase of meiosis (MII) among Jcl:Wistar (17.0), F344/Stm (31.0), and BN/SsNSlc (2.2) rats in whom superovulation was induced by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin. However, similar numbers of GV oocytes were obtained from ovaries of PMSG-injected Wistar (27.7), F344 (34.7), and BN (24.7) rats. These GV oocytes were cultured in vitro in HTF, αMEM, and a 1:1 HTF + αMEM or TYH + αMEM mixture. High proportions of Wistar and F344 oocytes that matured to MII in αMEM were parthenogenetically activated by strontium chloride treatment (78% and 74%, respectively). Additionally, 10% of matured oocytes of both strains developed into offspring after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer to foster mothers. Although BN oocytes cultured in αMEM could be parthenogenetically activated and developed into offspring, the success rate was lower than that for Wistar and F344 oocytes. This study demonstrated that numerous GV oocytes were produced in rat ovaries by PMSG injection. This simple in vitro maturation system of immature oocytes could be further developed to maintain valuable rat strains experiencing reproductive difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taketsuru
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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NAKAGAWA S, MAEDOMARI N, KIKUCHI K, NAGAI T, MIYANO T, FULKA JR J, MANABE N. Vitrification of Fully Grown and Growing Porcine Oocytes Using Germinal Vesicle Transfer. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:335-41. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoma NAKAGAWA
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- Institute of Animal Science
| | - Naoki MAEDOMARI
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Kazuhiro KIKUCHI
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
| | - Takashi NAGAI
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
| | - Takashi MIYANO
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | | | - Noboru MANABE
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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MONIRUZZAMAN M, MIYANO T. Growth of Primordial Oocytes in Neonatal and Adult Mammals. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:559-66. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi MIYANO
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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Aerts JMJ, Martinez-Madrid B, Flothmann K, De Clercq JBP, Van Aelst S, Bols PEJ. Quantification and Viability Assessment of Isolated Bovine Primordial and Primary Ovarian Follicles Retrieved Through a Standardized Biopsy Pick-Up Procedure. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 43:360-366. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Gethöffer F, Sodeikat G, Pohlmeyer K. Reproductive parameters of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in three different parts of Germany. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-007-0097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
This study was conducted to culture in vitro caprine pre-antral follicles for determining the competence of growth and maturation of oocytes and establishing a suitable culture system for oocyte maturation from pre-antral follicles. Two different culture methods (microdrop and agar gel clot) were employed to culture caprine pre-antral follicles. The pre-antral follicles were isolated from prepubertal goat ovaries by treatment with collagenase and DNase. The isolated pre-antral follicles were cultured in basic culture medium for 9 days (for growth). And oocytes were cultured in maturation culture medium for another 2 days for maturation. The result demonstrated that the growth rate of oocytes cultured in microdrops was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in agar gel clots, whereas the viability of oocytes in microdrops was considerably (p < 0.05) lower than that in agar gel clots. The oocytes grew over 150 microm in diameter, and two of 151 oocytes cultured in microdrops yielded morphologically abnormal first polar bodies. However, the size of oocytes cultured in agar gel approached to 120 microm in diameter and no polar body was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Zhou
- Collage of Bioengineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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Kagawa N, Kuwayama M, Nakata K, Vajta G, Silber S, Manabe N, Kato O. Production of the first offspring from oocytes derived from fresh and cryopreserved pre-antral follicles of adult mice. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 14:693-9. [PMID: 17579980 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although mammalian ovaries contain hundreds of thousands of pre-antral follicles, fewer than 1% of these reach maturity and ovulation. Obtaining immature eggs from the pre-antral follicles of ovarian tissue could increase the possibility of preserving fertility in women undergoing anti-cancer treatment, and in women who wish to delay pregnancy and child raising until they are older. This study reports the birth of 10 healthy mouse pups derived from oocytes obtained from pre-antral follicles after adult ovary tissue cryopreservation and allotransplantation. High in-vitro maturation (55.1%), fertilization (76.3%) and cleavage (98.3%) rates were achieved using these oocytes, and there was no significant difference between the vitrified and control samples except in maturation rate (55.1 versus 72.8%, P < 0.05). After an ultra-rapid vitrification procedure, the warmed tissue fragments were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of severe combined immunodeficient mice for onward in-vivo culture. Within 10 days of culture, 138 full size oocytes developed from the 456 transplanted pre-antral follicles. In-vivo growth of follicles was followed by in-vitro oocyte maturation, in-vitro fertilization and subsequent embryo transfer, leading to the birth of 10 healthy pups. These results may lead to increasing the possibility of preserving fertility by cryopreservation of ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kagawa
- Advanced Medical Institute of Fertility, Kato Ladies' Clinic, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Zhou H, Zhang Y. Effect of growth factors on in vitro development of caprine preantral follicle oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 90:265-72. [PMID: 16298274 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to examine the effect of various growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), either individually or in association, in the presence of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on the in vitro growth and viability of caprine preantral follicle oocytes. Preantral follicles were disassociated enzymatically and mechanically from prepuberal caprine ovaries after the animals were anesthetically ovariectomized. In experiment, caprine preantral follicles in groups 1-4 were cultured in growth culture medium, growth culture medium+EGF, growth culture medium+IGF-I and growth culture medium+IGF-I+EGF, respectively, for 9 days. The results indicated that EGF (50 mg/l) increased the survival rate of oocytes, but decreased the growth rate of oocytes; IGF-I (100 mg/l) effectively maintained the survival of oocytes and stimulated their growth; IGF-I (100 mg/l) and EGF (50mg/l) in combination produced a higher effect on both of the survival and the growth rate of oocytes than IGF-I or EGF alone. Conclusively, the growth factors can effectively maintain the survival of caprine preantral follicle oocytes and regulated their growth in culture. EGF and IGF-I in association could synergically meliorate the culture system of caprine preantral follicle oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanmin Zhou
- College of Bioengineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhao Wu Da Street, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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van den Hurk R, Zhao J. Formation of mammalian oocytes and their growth, differentiation and maturation within ovarian follicles. Theriogenology 2005; 63:1717-51. [PMID: 15763114 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2004] [Revised: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The limited knowledge on the regulation of oocyte formation, the different steps of folliculogenesis and the required conditions for oocytes to undergo proper growth, differentiation and maturation are major causes of the failure in obtaining viable offspring from in vitro cultured early oocytes from domestic animals and humans. This review highlights the factors that at present are known to be involved in the formation of mammalian oocytes and their growth, differentiation and maturation within ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert van den Hurk
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 90151, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508TD, The Netherlands.
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Muruvi W, Picton HM, Rodway RG, Joyce IM. In vitro growth of oocytes from primordial follicles isolated from frozen-thawed lamb ovaries. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1357-70. [PMID: 16139612 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to develop an in vitro culture system for growing sheep oocytes from isolated primordial follicles. Enzymatically isolated neonatal sheep primordial follicles were cultured in Waymouth MB752/1 medium containing BSA (3 mg/ml) + ITS (1%, v/v) over 28 days. In Experiment 1, primordial follicles (average diameter 40.2+/-0.60 microm) were cultured at densities of 20, 50 and 100 follicles per well. Less than 20% of the oocytes survived to day 28 but there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in median oocyte diameter from day 2 to day 28 for oocytes cultured at the higher densities of 50 and 100 follicles. In Experiment 2, two methods to improve oocyte:granulosa cell associations were tested. Altering the fibronectin coating regime did not improve oocyte survival and growth. In contrast lectin-aggregated primordial follicles cultured on non-coated wells showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved oocyte survival to 50% and increased median oocyte diameter compared to non-aggregated follicles. In Experiment 3, the effect of KIT ligand (KL) at 0 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml, on lectin-aggregated primordial follicles cultured on non-coated wells was tested. KL at 100 ng/ml significantly (P < 0.05) increased median oocyte diameter compared to non-treated controls but had no effect on oocyte survival. In addition, follicles cultured with 100 ng/ml KL expressed mRNA for AMH, a gene expressed only in granulosa cells of growing follicles. In conclusion, culture of lectin-aggregated primordial follicles supported the long-term survival and growth of oocytes from isolated sheep primordial follicles. Culture of lectin-aggregates with 100 ng/ml KL further increased oocyte growth and induced granulosa cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzirai Muruvi
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Zhou H, Zhang Y. Regulation of in vitro growth of preantral follicles by growth factors in goats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2005; 28:235-42. [PMID: 15760665 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Goat preantral follicles were cultured to investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the in vitro growth and viability of oocytes. Preantral follicles were isolated mechanically and enzymatically (using collagenase and DNase) from prepuberal goat ovaries. The working medium was composed of Defined Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) supplemented with HEPES (20 mM), 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), hypoxanthine (2 mM), dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (dbcAMP) (2 mM), penicillin (75 ng/ml) and streptomycin (50 ng/ml). The culture medium consisted of the working medium with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (100 ng/ml) and hydrocortisone (40 ng/ml) added. In the experiment, goat preantral follicles were cultured for 9 days in the culture medium and in the culture medium supplemented with either IGF-I (100 ng/ml), EGF (50 ng/ml), bFGF (50 ng/ml) or IGF-I (100 ng/ml)+EGF (50 ng/ml). The results indicated that IGF-I (100 ng/ml) effectively maintained the survival of oocytes and promoted their growth; EGF (50 ng/ml) enhanced the survival rate of oocytes but had a negative effect on oocyte growth; bFGF (50 ng/ml) stimulated oocyte survival but had no obvious effect on their growth while IGF-I (100 ng/ml) and EGF (50 ng/ml) in combination had a greater effect on both survival and growth rate of oocytes than IGF-I or EGF alone. The supplementation of IGF-1 and EGF to the culture medium is recommended in the culture of goat preantral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanmin Zhou
- College of Bioengineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhao Wu Da Street, Hohhot, 010018 Inner Mongolia, China.
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16
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Zhou H, Zhang Y. Impact of Growth Factors on In Vitro Development of Caprine Oocytes at Pre-antral Stage. Reprod Domest Anim 2005; 40:161-5. [PMID: 15819968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2005.00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of various growth factors such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) either individually or in association, in the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the in vitro growth and viability of caprine oocytes at pre-antral stage. Pre-antral follicles were disassociated enzymatically and mechanically from pre-pubertal caprine ovaries after the animals were anaesthetically ovariectomized. Caprine pre-antral follicles in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were cultured in growth culture medium, growth culture medium + EGF, growth culture medium + IGF-I and growth culture medium + IGF-I + EGF, respectively, for 9 days. The results indicated that EGF (50 mg/l) increased the survival rate of oocytes, but decreased the growth rate of oocytes; IGF-I (100 mg/l) effectively maintained the survival of oocytes and stimulated their growth; IGF-I (100 mg/l) and EGF (50 mg/l) in combination produced a higher effect on both the survival and the growth rate of oocytes than IGF-I or EGF alone. Conclusively, the growth factors can effectively maintain the survival of caprine oocytes from pre-antral follicles and regulate their growth in culture. EGF and IGF-I in association could synergically meliorate the culture system of caprine pre-antral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hm Zhou
- College of Bioengineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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Abstract
The mammalian ovary contains a huge number of small follicles of various sizes, and each follicle encloses a small oocyte. Only a small number of non-growing oocytes (30 microm in the pig and cow) grow to their final size (120 microm), mature, and are ovulated. In vitro growth (IVG) culturing of small oocytes will provide a new source of mature oocytes for livestock production. Using the IVG culture system, non-growing mouse oocytes in primordial follicles grow to their final size and acquire full developmental competence. Among large animals, babies were produced from ovarian oocytes by IVG culture only in the cow. However, the oocytes used were not non-growing ones but at the mid-growth stage (90-99 microm in diameter) in early antral follicles. Xenotransplantation of the follicles at an early stage to immuno-deficient mice is a substitute for an effective long-term IVG culture of much smaller oocytes. IVG and xenotransplantation of small oocytes at a specific size will provide a new understanding of the mechanisms regulating oogenesis and folliculogenesis in the complex mammalian ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Japan.
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