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Atypical Centriolar Composition Correlates with Internal Fertilization in Fish. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050758. [PMID: 35269380 PMCID: PMC8909020 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sperm competition theory, as proposed by Geoff Parker, predicts that sperm evolve through a cascade of changes. As an example, internal fertilization is followed by sperm morphology diversification. However, little is known about the evolution of internal sperm structures. The centriole has an ancient and evolutionarily conserved canonical structure with signature 9-fold, radially symmetric microtubules that form the cell’s centrosomes, cilia, and flagella. Most animal spermatozoa have two centrioles, one of which forms the spermatozoan flagellum. Both are delivered to the egg and constitute the embryo’s first two centrosomes. The spermatozoa of mammals and insects only have one recognizable centriole with a canonical structure. A second sperm centriole with an atypical structure was recently reported in both animal groups and which, prior to this, eluded discovery by standard techniques and criteria. Because the ancestors of both mammals and insects reproduced by internal fertilization, we hypothesized that the transition from two centrioles with canonical composition in ancestral sperm to an atypical centriolar composition characterized by only one canonical centriole evolved preferentially after internal fertilization. We examined fish because of the diversity of species available to test this hypothesis−as some species reproduce via internal and others via external fertilization−and because their spermatozoan ultrastructure has been extensively studied. Our literature search reports on 277 fish species. Species reported with atypical centriolar composition are specifically enriched among internal fertilizers compared to external fertilizers (7/34, 20.6% versus 2/243, 0.80%; p < 0.00001, odds ratio = 32.4) and represent phylogenetically unrelated fish. Atypical centrioles are present in the internal fertilizers of the subfamily Poeciliinae. Therefore, internally fertilizing fish preferentially and independently evolved spermatozoa with atypical centriolar composition multiple times, agreeing with Parker’s cascade theory.
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Kommisrud E, Myromslien FD, Stenseth EB, Zeremichael TT, Hofman N, Grevle I, Sunde J. Viability, motility, ATP content and fertilizing potential of sperm from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in milt stored before cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2020; 151:58-65. [PMID: 32311601 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Artificial fertilization is increasingly used in aquaculture, mostly applying short-term cold stored milt. Large scale cryopreservation of milt could be valuable for increased flexibility and acceleration of breeding progress. The aim of this study was to assess viability, motility and ATP content of sperm from Atlantic salmon as a function of storage time, before and after cryopreservation. The objective was also to investigate whether in vitro parameters were associated with sperm fertilizing ability after cryopreservation. Milt from six mature Atlantic salmon males were collected twice, one week apart. The milt was stored undiluted at 5 °C in cell culture flasks for six days. Samples were taken on days 1, 3 and 6 of storage for cryopreservation. In total, 36 batches were diluted to a standardized sperm concentration of 2 × 109 spermatozoa/mL, filled into 0.5 mL French medium straws and cryopreserved. In vitro analyses were assessed on the same sample for the 72 combinations of male, collection week, days of storage and cold stored or frozen-thawed. Fertilization trials with cryopreserved milt were carried out for all 36 batches in triplicate for each combination of male, collection week, storage time and sperm:egg ratios of either 2 or 4 × 106 sperm per egg, respectively, totally 218 experimental units, including two egg controls. There was a significant influence of storage and collection week on sperm quality parameters, both cold stored and cryopreserved, and cryopreservation had a significant effect on all tested sperm quality parameters. High correlations for cold stored vs cryopreserved samples was demonstrated for ATP content (p < 0.00001), motility and velocity parameters (p < 0.001), but not for viability, straightness and linearity. The overall percentage of fertilization achieved was 73.9 ± 1.7%. Sperm collected in week 2 showed significantly lower fertility when cryopreserved after six days of storage than after 1 or 3 days for sperm to egg ratios of 2 × 106 (p < 0.005), while there was no such effect for milt collected in week 1. Several post-thaw sperm parameters were correlated to fertilization rates, while curvilinear velocity best explained variations in fertilization by modelling. Our results suggest that cryopreservation of Atlantic salmon milt should be performed soon after milt collection to maximize the cryopreserved sperm quality. Fertilization results seems not to be compromised by storage for three days before cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kommisrud
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway.
| | - Frøydis D Myromslien
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Else-Berit Stenseth
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Teklu T Zeremichael
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Nadine Hofman
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | | | - Jan Sunde
- Møreforsking Ålesund AS, Ålesund, Norway
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Liu Y, Blackburn H, Taylor SS, Tiersch TR. Development of germplasm repositories to assist conservation of endangered fishes: Examples from small-bodied livebearing fishes. Theriogenology 2019; 135:138-151. [PMID: 31220687 PMCID: PMC6612591 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Germplasm repositories are a necessary tool for comprehensive conservation programs to fully preserve valuable genetic resources of imperiled animals. Cryopreserved germplasm can be used in the future to produce live young for integration into other conservation projects, such as habitat restoration, captive breeding, and translocations; thus compensating for genetic losses or negative changes that would otherwise be permanent. Although hundreds of cryopreservation protocols for various aquatic species have been published, there are great difficulties in moving such research forward into applied conservation projects. Successful freezing of sperm in laboratories for research does not guarantee successful management and incorporation of genetic resources into conservation programs in reality. The goal of the present review is to provide insights and practical strategies to apply germplasm repositories as a real-world tool to assist conservation of imperiled aquatic species. Live-bearing (viviparous) fishes are used as models herein to help explain concepts because they are good examples for aquatic species in general, especially small-bodied fishes. Small live-bearing fishes are among the most at-risk fish groups in the world, and need urgent conservation attention. However, development of germplasm repositories for small live-bearing fishes is challenged by their unusual reproductive characteristics, such as formation of sperm bundles, initiation of spermatozoa motility in an isotonic environment, internal fertilization and gestation, and the bearing of live young. The development of germplasm repositories for goodeids and Xiphophorus species can provide examples for addressing these challenges. Germplasm repositories must contain multiple basic components, including frozen samples, genetic assessment and information systems. Standardization and process generalization are important strategies to help develop reliable and efficient repositories. An ideal conservation or recovery program for imperiled species should include a comprehensive approach, that combines major concerns such as habitat (by restoration projects), population propagation and maintenance (by captive breeding or translocation projects), and preservation of genetic diversity (by repository projects). In this context, strong collaboration among different sectors and people with different expertise is a key to the success of such comprehensive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Harvey Blackburn
- National Animal Germplasm Program, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sabrina S Taylor
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Terrence R Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Gong L, Liu LQ, Guo BY, Ye YY, Lü ZM. The complete mitochondrial genome of Oncorhynchus masou formosanus (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) and phylogenetic studies of Salmoninae. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-016-0673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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The role of amides in seminal cryopreservation of wild silverside, Odontesthes bonariensis. Cryobiology 2016; 73:383-387. [PMID: 27609248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amides were tested as internal cryoprotectants for the preservation of wild silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis) sperm. The semen was diluted in modified Mounib's medium and cryopreserved by adding 2, 5, 8 or 11% of dimethyl acetamide (DMA), dimethyl formamide (DMF) or methyl formamide (MF). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 10% diluted in modified Mounib's medium was used as a control. The rate motility (17.7 ± 1.9%) and time motility (143.2 ± 9.7 s) (P < 0.05) of the sperm were higher with 2% DMF when compared with the other treatments. Despite the better motility results obtained with 2% DMF, the solution was not able to maintain cellular structure integrity of the cryopreserved sperm. The 10% DMSO and 8% MF treatment allowed for completeness of the plasma membrane (34.8% and 29%), functional mitochondria (19.8% and 16.2%) and plasma membrane fluidity (39.4% and 46.4%); furthermore, rate motility (11.8% and 10%) and time motility (81.4 s and 71.8 s) of the sperm were found to be at suitable levels when compared with 2% DMF. Thus, our evaluation suggests that 10% DMSO and 8% MF provide better cryopreservation of O. bonariensis sperm cells.
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Figueroa E, Valdebenito I, Merino O, Ubilla A, Risopatrón J, Farias JG. Cryopreservation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar sperm: effects on sperm physiology. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1537-1550. [PMID: 27406003 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of freezing on the function in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spermatozoa. The semen was frozen in Cortland's medium + 1.3M dimethyl sulphoxide + 0.3M glucose + 2% bovine serum albumin (final concentration) in a ratio of 1:3 (semen:cryoprotectant) as the treatment (T) and fresh semen as the control (F). Straws of 0·5 ml of sperm suspension were frozen in 4 cm of N2 L. They were thawed in a thermoregulated bath (40° C). After thawing, the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA [transferase dUTP (deoxyuridine triphosphate) nick-end labelling (TUNEL)], plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨMMit, JC-1) were evaluated by flow cytometry and motility was evaluated by optical microscope under stroboscopic light. The fertilization rates of the control and treatment semen were tested at a sperm density of 1·5 × 10(7) spermatozoa oocyte(-1) , by observation of the first cleavages after 16 h incubation at 10° C. In the cryopreserved semen (T), the mean ± s.d. DNA fragmentation was 4·8 ± 2·5%; plasma membrane integrity 75·2 ± 6·3%; mitochondrial membrane potential 51·7 ± 3·6%; motility 58·5 ± 5·3%; curved line velocity (VCL ) 61·2 ± 17·4 µm s(-1) ; average-path velocity (VAP ) 50·1 ± 17·3 µm s(-1) ; straight-line velocity (VSL ) 59·1 ± 18·4 µm s(-1) ; fertilization rate 81·6 ± 1·9%. There were significant differences in the plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, motility, fertilization rate, VCL , VAP and VSL compared with the controls (P < 0·05). Also the mitochondrial membrane potential correlated with motility, fertilization rate, VCL and VSL (r = 0·75; r = 0·59; r = 0·77 and r = 0·79, respectively; P < 0·05); and the fertilization rate correlated with VCL and VSL (r = 0·59 and r = 0·55, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Figueroa
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - I Valdebenito
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - O Merino
- BIOREN-Center for Biotechnology in Reproduction, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - A Ubilla
- School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Risopatrón
- BIOREN-Center for Biotechnology in Reproduction, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - J G Farias
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Hsu TH, Chen CY, Gwo JC. Causes of the skewed sex ratio in the Critically Endangered Formosa landlocked salmon of Taiwan. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Liu Q, Ma D, Xu S, Xiao Z, Xiao Y, Song Z, Li J. Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) sperm cryopreservation and application in interspecific hybridization with olive flounder (P olivaceus). Theriogenology 2015; 83:703-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yildiz C, Yavas I, Bozkurt Y, Aksoy M. Effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin on cryosurvival and fertility of cryopreserved carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm. Cryobiology 2015; 70:190-4. [PMID: 25661710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Addition of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) to the diluents of mammalian semen increased stability and rigidity of phospholipid hydrocarbon chains of plasma membrane during sperm cryopreservation process. CLC has been tested successfully as cryoprotectant in various livestock sperm cryopreservation protocols but its efficacy for cryopreserving of fish sperm has not previously been tested. In the present study, different cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin concentrations were evaluated for the cryopreservation of carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm. Sexually mature fish were induced to spermiation and ovulation with Ovopel. The extenders were prepared by using 300 mM glucose and 10% DMSO supplemented with different concentrations of CLC (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0mg per 120×10(6) spermatozoa) and without CLC (control). The pooled semen was diluted separately at a ratio of 1:3 (v/v) by using CLC extenders. Diluted semen placed into 0.25 ml straws were equilibrated at 4°C for 15 min and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. Fertilization was conducted using a ratio of 1×10(5) spermatozoa/egg. Fresh sperm with no treatment showed the greatest sperm motility, duration of motility, viability, and fertilization results compared to the other tested cryopreserved and control groups (p<0.05). Supplementation of 1.5 mg CLC to the extender showed the best cryoprotective effect for sperm motility, duration of motility, and viability against freezing damage in comparison to extenders containing 2.5 mg, 3.0 mg CLC, and control group (p<0.05). Cryopreserved sperm containing 1.5 mg CLC provided greater result in term of fertilization success when compared to other extenders containing 0.5, 2.5, and 3.0 mg CLC or control (p<0.05). The amount of CLC effected post-thaw sperm quality and fertility as a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that treatment of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin for carp sperm cryopreservation significantly improves cell cryosurvival and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Yildiz
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Ilker Yavas
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Bozkurt
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Melih Aksoy
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
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Spermatozoa concentration influences cryopreservation success in sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Theriogenology 2013; 80:659-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fopp-Bayat D, Ciereszko A. Microsatellite genotyping of cryopreserved spermatozoa for the improvement of whitefish semen cryobanking. Cryobiology 2012; 65:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Varela Junior A, Corcini C, Gheller S, Jardim R, Lucia T, Streit D, Figueiredo M. Use of amides as cryoprotectants in extenders for frozen sperm of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. Theriogenology 2012; 78:244-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Dziewulska K, Rzemieniecki A, Czerniawski R, Domagała J. Post-thawed motility and fertility from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) sperm frozen with four cryodiluents in straws or pellets. Theriogenology 2011; 76:300-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hsu TH, Adiputra YT, Ohta H, Gwo JC. Species and sex identification of Formosa landlocked salmon using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 11:802-7. [PMID: 21518301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Species and sex identification are among the most important parameters for conservation management. However, it is extremely difficult to perform such identification in Formosa landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus). Both sexual dimorphism in landlocked dwarf form Formosa landlocked salmon and morphological difference among cherry salmon complex are minimal. We developed a simple, rapid and noninvasive method for identifying sex and species of this critically endangered species using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. The LAMP assay showed the advantage of simple detection (evaluated by visual inspection), rapid reaction time (< 1 h), isothermal condition (less equipment required) and high efficiency (only 0.5-5 pg of DNA was required in the reaction mixture). Therefore, the method is more economical and practical than PCR. The LAMP assay can be easily performed in the field and is a valuable tool for detecting sex ratios in wild populations and identifying species in commercial imports. This is the first application of LAMP in identifying species and sex of salmonids as far as we know and clearly shows the potential application of LAMP in molecular ecology and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hua Hsu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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Grimholt U, Johansen R, Smith AJ. A review of the need and possible uses for genetically standardized Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in research. Lab Anim 2009; 43:121-6. [DOI: 10.1258/la.2008.008013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Large numbers of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) are used as research animals in basic research and to solve challenges related to the fish-farming industry. Most of this research is performed on farmed animals provided by local breeders or national breeding companies. The genetic constitution of these animals is usually unknown and highly variable. As a result, large numbers of fish are often needed to produce significant results, and results from one study are often impossible to reproduce in another facility. The production of standardized salmon could in many cases reduce the number of animals used in research and at the same time provide more reproducible results. This paper provides an overview of the methods available for the production of standardized Atlantic salmon, and discusses the pros and cons of each technique. The use of zebrafish and other well-defined laboratory fish species as a model for salmon is also discussed. Access to genetically defined fish would greatly benefit the scientific community, in the same way as genetically defined lines of rodents have revolutionized mammalian research.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grimholt
- Department of Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Johansen
- Laboratory Animal Unit, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - A J Smith
- Norecopa, National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Gwo JC, Hsu TH, Lin KH, Chou YC. Genetic relationship among four subspecies of cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) inferred using AFLP. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 48:776-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Successful fertilization of Varicorhinus macrolepis eggs with sperm subjected to two freeze–thaw cycles. Theriogenology 2008; 69:793-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garzón DL, Peñaranda DS, Pérez L, Marco-Jiménez F, Espert X, Müller T, Jover M, Asturiano JF. Effects of pH, sodium bicarbonate, cryoprotectants and foetal bovine serum on the cryopreservation of European eel sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:99-105. [PMID: 18199265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH and bicarbonate concentration in the activation or inhibition of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spermatozoa and to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), acetamide, ethylene glycol, propanol, glycerol and methanol (MeOH). The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing the percentage of motile cells, the percentage of alive cells (by Hoechst staining) and the spermatozoa morphometry pre- and post-cryopreservation (by computer-assisted morphology analysis). Based on the above findings, three cryoprotectants (DMSO, MeOH and glycerol) were chosen and evaluated in two media (P1 and P1 modified) with different concentrations of NaHCO(3) and in the presence or absence of foetal bovine serum (FBS). The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing the percentage of alive and motile cells post-cryopreservation. DMSO was the cryoprotectant showing better results in relation to the percentage of spermatic alive cells post-freezing and caused a smaller modification of the head spermatozoa morphology. The combination of P1-modified medium with DMSO and containing FBS increased slightly but significantly the percentage of motile spermatozoa post-cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Garzón
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Recursos Acuícolas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
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Dong Q, Huang C, Tiersch TR. Post-thaw amendment of cryopreserved sperm for use in artificial insemination of a viviparous fish, the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 259:403-414. [PMID: 29269962 PMCID: PMC5736018 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation protocols have been developed for live-bearers such as the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri and the platyfish Xiphophorus couchianus. Despite the high post-thaw motility (~75%) obtained in both species, the requirements of sperm storage within the female reproductive tract coupled with the process of internal fertilization place functional demands upon cryopreserved sperm samples far beyond those of oviparous species. The purpose of this study was to facilitate the artificial insemination process with cryopreserved sperm of X. helleri through evaluation of parameters related to sperm quality after thawing. Specifically, this study evaluated the effects on motility for fresh and thawed sperm samples of centrifugation (for concentration of sperm and washing for removal of cryoprotectant), ionic composition, and additions of glucose and fetal bovine serum (FBS) in extender solutions. Centrifugation at 1000 ×g for 10 min at 4 °C was found to have no adverse effects on sperm motility of fresh samples, and for cryopreserved samples, the removal of glycerol by washing yielded higher and longer post-thaw motility (e.g., 168 h vs. 48 h for the controls). Suspension of fresh sperm samples in magnesium-free Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) did not affect motility; however, HBSS prepared with the absence of potassium or calcium, and the use of unsupplemented saline (NaCl alone) as extenders significantly reduced sperm motility. The presence of glucose in HBSS yielded higher and longer motility for fresh and thawed samples, but addition of glucose at greater than 2 g/L were unnecessary. Addition of 20% FBS prior to freezing was found to increase the post-thaw motility significantly compared to control treatment with 14% glycerol alone. Also addition of 20% FBS after thawing and centrifugation was found to induce the formation of sperm bundles, which may be beneficial for internal fertilization success. In conclusion, concentration of sperm and the removal of cryoprotectant (through centrifugation), and the addition of 20% FBS in the extender is recommended for future insemination trials with cryopreserved samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxiang Dong
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- School of Environmental and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Huang
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- School of Environmental and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquaculture Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Kobayashi T, Takeuchi Y, Takeuchi T, Yoshizaki G. Generation of viable fish from cryopreserved primordial germ cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 74:207-13. [PMID: 16998845 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of wild fish species are in danger of extinction, often as a result of human activities. The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos has great potential for maintaining and restoring threatened species. The conservation of both paternal and maternal genetic information is essential. However, although this technique has been successfully applied to the spermatozoa of many fish species, reliable methods are lacking for the long-term preservation of fish eggs and embryos. Here, we describe a protocol for use with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) primordial germ cells (PGCs) and document the restoration of live fish from gametes derived from these cryopreserved progenitors. Genital ridges (GRs), which are embryonic tissues containing PGCs, were successfully cryopreserved in a medium containing 1.8 M ethylene glycol (EG). The thawed PGCs that were transplanted into the peritoneal cavities of allogenic trout hatchlings differentiated into mature spermatozoa and eggs in the recipient gonads. Furthermore, the fertilization of eggs derived from cryopreserved PGCs by cryopreserved spermatozoa resulted in the development of fertile F1 fish. This PGC cryopreservation technique represents a promising tool in efforts to save threatened fish species. Moreover, this approach has significant potential for maintaining domesticated fish strains carrying commercially valuable traits for aquaculture purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen SL, Tian YS. Cryopreservation of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos by vitrification. Theriogenology 2005; 63:1207-19. [PMID: 15710204 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2003] [Revised: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cryopreservation of complex teleost embryos has been unsuccessful, possibly because their large size (1-7 mm diameter), multi-compartmental structure and low water permeability lead to intracellular ice formation and chilling injury. To overcome these obstacles, we have developed a vitrification procedure for cryopreservation of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos. In initial toxicity tests, propylene glycol (PG) and methanol (MeOH) were less toxic to embryos than dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), whereas ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (Gly) were toxic to all tested embryos. Embryos between four-somite and tail bud stages were more tolerant to vitrifying solutions than embryos in other developmental stages. Four vitrifying solutions (FVS1-FVS4) were prepared by combining a basic saline solution (BS2) and cryoprotectants PG and MeOH in different proportions (FVS1: 67, 20 and 13%; FVS2: 60, 24 and 16%; FVS3: 55, 27 and 18%; FVS4: 50, 30 and 20% of BS2, PG and MeOH, respectively). Their impact on flounder embryos was then compared. FVS1 produced the highest survival rate; whereas deformation rate was highest for FVS4. Five-step equilibration of embryos in FVS2 resulted in higher survival rates than equilibration in 4, 3, 2 or 1 steps. Flounder embryos varying from the 14-somite to the pre-hatching stage were cryopreserved in the four vitrifying solutions in liquid nitrogen for 1-7 h. From eight experiments, 20 viable thawed embryos were recovered from 292 cryopreserved embryos. Fourteen larvae with normal morphology hatched successfully from the 20 surviving frozen-thawed embryos from five experiments. Embryos at the tail bud stage exhibited greater tolerance to vitrification than embryos at other stages. These results establish that cryopreservation of flounder embryos by vitrification is possible. The technology has many potential applications in teleost germplasm resource conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Berghmans
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Hulata G. Genetic manipulations in aquaculture: a review of stock improvement by classical and modern technologies. Genetica 2002; 111:155-73. [PMID: 11841164 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013776931796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to highlight the extent to which the genetic technologies are implemented by the aquaculture industry. The review shows that some of the modern genetic technologies are already extensively applied by the diverse aquaculture industries, though not to the same extent for all important aquacultured species (according to FAO 1998 figures). Some species (common carp, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, channel catfish, Nile tilapia, and the Pacific oyster) received concentrated breeding efforts, while other major cultured species (Chinese and Indian carps and the giant tiger shrimp) received, so far, relatively limited attention, and a few species (Yesso scallop, blue mussel, white Amur bream, and milkfish) have, apparently, not been genetically improved at all. Most of the genetically improved strains reaching the aquaculture industry were developed through traditional selective breeding (selection, crossbreeding, and hybridization). Emerging, more modern technologies for genetic manipulation seem to take 10-20 years from being established experimentally until applications affect the industry. Thus, chromosome-set and sex manipulations started to affect the industry during the 1980's and 1990's. DNA marker technology and gene manipulations have yet hardly affected the industry. The former have not matured yet, but hold much promise. The latter could have affected the industry already had it not been restricted by public concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hulata
- Department of Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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