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TOKER F, ŞIK BA, ABA YA. Efficacy of Genetic Sonogram For Predicting Aneuploidy In a High-Risk Pregnancy Population. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.706112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Liu F, Liang H, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Xue L, Yang C, Cheng J, Liu P, Liu Y, Guo X. Second Trimester Prenatal Screening for Down’s Syndrome in Mainland Chinese Subjects using Double-Marker Analysis of α-fetoprotein and β-human Chorionic Gonadotropin Combined with Measurement of Nuchal Fold Thickness. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2011. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v40n7p315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study examines the effectiveness of double-marker analysis for α-fetoprotein (AFP) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) combined with measurement of nuchal fold thickness (NT) in the detection of Down’s syndrome (DS) in Mainland Chinese subjects during second trimester prenatal screening. Materials and Methods: We examined pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy between 15 and 21 weeks of gestation who underwent second trimester screening for DS using double-marker analysis for AFP and β-hCG combined with ultrasound measurement of NT. The combined risk of DS was calculated. A cut-off of 1/270 was used to defi ne a pregnancy at high-risk of DS. Amniocentesis was offered to all patients with high-risk pregnancies. Results: Using double-marker analysis for AFP and β-hCG in combination with measurement of NT, the detection rate of DS increased from 66.7% to 77.8% when compared with double-marker analysis alone with similar false-positive rates (4.35%, 4.83% respectively). Using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, we determined that the double-marker analysis combined with measurement of NT exhibited an increased area under the curve (AUC) of 0.835 (95% CI: 0.743 to 0.927) when compared to double-marker analysis alone, which had an AUC of 0.748 (95% CI: 0.635 to 0.860). In addition, both methods were more effective than any other single test such as AFP, free β-hCG or NT measurement. Conclusion: Second trimester prenatal screening using double-marker analysis for AFP and β-hCG combined with measurement of NT is effective for the detection of DS in Mainland Chinese pregnancies.
Key words: Down’s syndrome, Prenatal screening, Second trimester
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongyan Liang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Xue
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chun Yang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peijia Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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Tsai LJ, Ho M, Pressman EK, Thornburg LL. Ultrasound screening for fetal aneuploidy using soft markers in the overweight and obese gravida. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:821-6. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Papp C, Szigeti Z, Tóth-Pál E, Hajdú J, Joó JG, Papp Z. Ultrasonographic findings of fetal aneuploidies in the second trimester--our experiences. Fetal Diagn Ther 2007; 23:105-13. [PMID: 18033966 DOI: 10.1159/000111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of ultrasound findings in common fetal chromosomal defects on a relatively large series coming out from one institution. We also tried to evaluate possible clusters of ultrasound signs of major chromosomal defects. METHODS Of the 22,150 fetal karyotypings, 514 abnormal karyotypes (2.3%) were diagnosed prenatally between 1990 and 2004. Of them, 374 were further evaluated for abnormal ultrasound signs in this study. These represented the major chromosomal defects of Down syndrome (n = 207), trisomy 18 (n = 70), trisomy 13 (n = 28) and Turner syndrome (n = 69). RESULTS The incidences of major structural defects and minor anomalies were evaluated then sonographic signs with the highest incidences were established in each of the major chromosomal defects. In fetuses with trisomy 13, besides cardiac defects, the most frequently seen structural abnormalities were central nervous system anomalies and facial anomalies. In fetuses with trisomy 18 and trisomy 21, cardiac anomalies were the most common structural sonographic features, whereas the most common findings were hygroma colli and fetal hydrops in fetuses with Turner syndrome. As far as minor anomalies are concerned, increased nuchal fold was the most predictive marker of each major aneuploidy. Choroid plexus cysts were more common in trisomy 18, whereas echogenic intracardiac foci were more frequently detected in fetuses with trisomy 13 and trisomy 21. CONCLUSION This study may help to select the most predictive components of the genetic sonogram which may assist the counseling of women for the actual risk of the major chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Papp
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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Papp C, Bán Z, Szigeti Z, Csaba A, Lázár L, Nagy GR, Papp Z. Prenatal sonographic findings in 207 fetuses with trisomy 21. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 133:186-90. [PMID: 17029755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the contribution of second trimester ultrasound examination to the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 in 207 fetuses with this aneuploidy. The type and frequency of abnormal sonographic findings were determined. Possible multiple malformation patterns, characteristic of trisomy 21 were sought. STUDY DESIGN Singleton fetuses that had prenatal sonography during the second trimester, then underwent cytogenetic evaluation in our institution, made up the study population. The sonographic findings of 207 fetuses with trisomy 21 were analyzed. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2004, fetal karyotyping was performed in 22,150 patients for different indications. An abnormal karyotype was diagnosed in 514 cases (2.3%); among them 207 fetuses with trisomy 21 were detected (40.3%). Abnormal sonography was seen in 63.8% of the cases. Structural anomalies were detected in 28.5% of the trisomy 21 fetuses, among them cardiac defects (15.9%), central nervous system anomalies (14.5%), and cystic hygromas (6.8%) were the most common. Of the minor markers, increased nuchal translucency (28%), pyelectasis (20.3%), and shorter extremities (8.7%) were common findings. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate diagnosis of structural anomalies, looking for relatively easily detectable minor markers and incorporating fetal echocardiography into the second trimester sonographic protocol, may increase the contribution of mid-trimester ultrasound examination to diagnosing trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Papp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, 1088 Budapest, Baross u. 27, Hungary.
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Miura S, Miura K, Masuzaki H, Miyake N, Yoshiura KI, Sosonkina N, Harada N, Shimokawa O, Nakayama D, Yoshimura S, Matsumoto N, Niikawa N, Ishimaru T. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-based prenatal diagnosis for chromosome abnormalities using cell-free fetal DNA in amniotic fluid. J Hum Genet 2006; 51:412-417. [PMID: 16622586 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the supernatant of amniotic fluid, which is usually discarded, can be used as a sample for prenatal diagnosis. For rapid prenatal diagnosis of frequent chromosome abnormalities, for example trisomies 13, 18, and 21, and monosomy X, using cffDNA, we have developed a targeted microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) panel on which BAC clones from chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y were spotted. Microarray-CGH analysis was performed for a total of 13 fetuses with congenital anomalies using cffDNA from their uncultured amniotic fluid. Microarray CGH with cffDNA led to successful molecular karyotyping for 12 of 13 fetuses within 5 days. Karyotypes of the 12 fetuses (one case of trisomy 13, two of trisomy 18, two of trisomy 21, one of monosomy X, and six of normal karyotype) were later confirmed by conventional chromosome analysis using cultured amniocytes. The one fetus whose molecular-karyotype was indicated as normal by microarray CGH actually had a balanced translocation, 45,XY,der(14;21)(q10;q10). The results indicated that microarray CGH with cffDNA is a useful rapid prenatal diagnostic method at late gestation for chromosome abnormalities with copy-number changes, especially when combined with conventional karyotyping of cultured amniocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Masuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nadiya Sosonkina
- The Research Institute of Personalized Health Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Shimokawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Kyushu Medical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Norio Niikawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ishimaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Garriguet J, Valverde S, Chica C, Espejo J. Validez del cribado bioquímico clásico del segundo trimestre en el diagnóstico prenatal. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-573x(04)77294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Systematic evaluation of ultrasound findings known to be associated with trisomy 21, at an appropriate gestational age, has been referred to as a genetic sonogram. A number of high-risk centers performing genetic sonography have reported detection of ultrasound abnormalities in the majority of fetuses with fetal Down syndrome. However, nonspecific markers are more commonly observed than structural abnormalities, which are detected in less than 20% of cases in a nonselected population. Also, the actual sensitivity of a genetic sonogram will depend on various factors including the markers sought, gestational age, reasons for referral, and of course the quality of the ultrasound. Appropriate use of a genetic sonogram can help to modify the risk of fetal Down syndrome by decreasing the risk when the ultrasound is normal, or increasing the risk when specific ultrasound markers are detected. The postultrasound risk can be estimated by applying specific likelihood ratios, reflecting the strength of individual markers, with the a priori risk based on maternal age alone, or combined with biochemical markers when known. We review this approach of age-adjusted ultrasound risk assessment for fetal Down syndrome and illustrate how the risk can be estimated. Individual sonographic markers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Nyberg
- Scottsdale Medical Imaging, Ob/Gyn Imaging, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21:333-9. [PMID: 11288129 DOI: 10.1002/pd.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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