Apical leakage of a new glass ionomer root canal sealer

Clinical applications of glass ionomers in endodontics: a review

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are biocompatible and have capacities to release fluoride and to bond to dentine, and thus are appropriate for use in endodontics. This paper reviews the composition and properties of different GICs, including their biocompatibility and antibacterial activity, their applications as intraorifice barriers and root canal sealers, and their use in the repair of root perforations, root-end fillings and temporary coronal restorations.

Radiographic evaluation of furcal perforations sealed with different materials in dogs' teeth

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this work was to evaluate, using radiographic images, the behavior of four materials used to repair root perforations in dogs' teeth.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Second and third premolars of 6 dogs were used. The 48 teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12) and the perforations were sealed with one of the following materials: MTA, AH Plus, Vitremer and gutta-percha. Dogs were submitted to general anesthesia, teeth were radiographed and pulp was accessed. Perforations were done, at the maximum curve of the pulp floor, sealed and the accessed coronal cavity was filled with glass ionomer cement (Vidrion R). After 90 days, the dogs were sacrificed and the last x-ray image was taken. Images were analyzed for the presence/absence of periodontal lesions at the perforation region. Data were analyzed statistically by chi-square test at 5% significance level.

RESULTS

There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among AH Plus, Vitremer and gutta-percha groups. MTA produced the smallest number of periodontal lesions (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

It may be concluded that none of the tested materials was able to preserve the integrity of the periodontal tissues in the furcation region, and the use of MTA resulted in the least formation of adjacent periodontal bone lesions revealed by the radiographic comparisons.

[Microleakage of root canal fillings with GuttaFlow and Resilon compared with lateral condensation]

Epiphany/Resilon and GuttaFlow are newly developed methods for obturation of the root canal system. Epiphany/Resilon is a thermoplastic, synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material which enables the bonding to the dentin root canal wall during root canal obturation. GuttaFlow is a cold flowable filling system for the obturation of root canals, combining sealer and gutta-percha in one product. The purpose of this study was to assess the leakage of the Epiphany/Resilon or GuttaFlow root canal filling compared with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. For this study were used 45 human extracted teeth, chemo mechanically prepared, divided into three groups and obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus, Epiphany/Resilon and GuttaFlow. For dye penetration all teeth were centrifuged for three minutes at 30 g in 2% methylene blue and dissolved in 65% nitric acid for 3 days. The extracted methylene blue was determined with Photometer. Root Canal fillings with Epiphany/Resilon showed less dye penetration than lateral condensation of gutta-percha and GuttaFlow. Epiphany/Resilon is ideally suited as a root canal filling material.

In vitro study of the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on the apical sealing of different root canal sealers

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation used to clean dentinal walls on the apical sealing of root canals filled with different types of sealers.

Background Data:

Laser application to the dentinal walls removed debris, rendering the root canals free of smear layers and leaving the dentinal canaliculi open.

Methods:

Sixty-four maxillary canines obtained from laboratory files were instrumented with K-files (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using the crown-down technique, and irrigated with a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. The specimens were divided into two groups of 32 teeth each. In group I, the teeth were instrumented and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite solution, and divided into four subgroups to be sealed with the different materials (Endofill, N-Rickert, Sealapex and Sealer 26). In group II, the root canals were subjected to Er:YAG laser irradiation (200 mJ, 7 Hz and 60 J total energy), followed by root canal sealing as in group I.

Results:

The data showed lower levels of apical microleakage in the teeth filled with N-Rickert, Sealapex and Sealer 26 cements than in those sealed with Endofill (p < 0.01). No significant difference in microleakage was observed between teeth irrigated only with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and those submitted to Er:YAG laser application (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

The Er:YAG laser irradiation applied to the root canal walls was not able to prevent apical microleakage.

Influence of moisture on the apical seal of root canal fillings with five different types of sealer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of moisture on apical leakage using five different types of sealer. There were 120 single-rooted teeth instrumented to .02/#60 and randomly assigned to 10 experimental groups, one control group (AH Plus, lateral condensation) (n = 10) or positive/negative controls (n = 5). Before obturation teeth were dried thoroughly, followed by recontamination with moisture in a wet chamber (moist groups; 37 degrees C for 7 days). The teeth of the experimental groups (a, dry; b, moist) were obturated with sealer (groups 1, AH Plus; 2, Apexit; 3, Ketac-Endo; 4, RoekoSeal; 5, Tubli-Seal) and a single gutta-percha cone .02/#55. Teeth were centrifuged (30 x g for 3 minutes) in 5% methylene blue. Linear dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope. Moisture led to less microleakage for Apexit, RoekoSeal, and Tubli-Seal and higher values for AH Plus and Ketac-Endo. Multifactorial ANOVA displayed a significant dependence of leakage on sealer (p < 0.001) and the combination sealer or moisture (p < 0.01). It depends on the sealer type in which way moisture affects the apical seal.

Apical leakage of four endodontic sealers

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing properties of four root canal sealers. Forty-eight maxillary central incisors were instrumented with Profile rotary instruments. They were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12) and filled using lateral condensation with one of the four sealers: Sealapex, Pulp Canal Sealer, AH 26, and Ketac-Endo. The apical leakage was measured with a fluid filtration method and expressed as L s(-1) KPa(-1). The teeth filled with Sealapex displayed a higher apical leakage (8.42 +/- 4.2 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) than those filled with AH 26 (2.10 +/- 1.39 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)), Pulp Canal Sealer (0.17 +/- 0.09 10(-11) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) or Ketac-Endo (0.32 +/- 0.24 10(-1) L s(-1) KPa(-1)) (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found among AH 26, Pulp Canal Sealer, and Ketac-Endo. No correlation was found between the sealing efficiency of the four sealers and their adhesive properties recorded in a previous study.

Reaction of dogs' teeth to root canal filling with mineral trioxide aggregate or a glass ionomer sealer

This study was conducted to observe the reaction of apical tissues of dogs' teeth after root canal filling with gutta-percha and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or a glass ionomer (Ketac-Endo) as a sealer. The root canals were instrumented and filled by the lateral condensation technique with the sealers studied. Animals were killed 6 months later, and the specimens were removed and prepared for histological analysis. Results showed no inflammatory reaction of apical tissue and total closure of the apical foramen of all the teeth sealed with MTA. The teeth sealed with Ketac-Endo showed two cases of partial closure and different degrees of chronic inflammatory reaction. In conclusion, MTA exhibited better biological properties than Ketac-Endo.