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Behrend-Keim B, Castro-Muñoz A, Monrreal-Ortega L, Ávalos-León B, Campos-Estrada C, Smyth HDC, Bahamondez-Canas TF, Moraga-Espinoza D. The forgotten material: Highly dispersible and swellable gelatin-based microspheres for pulmonary drug delivery of cromolyn sodium and ipratropium bromide. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123331. [PMID: 37597595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Controlled-release formulations for pulmonary delivery are highly desirable for treating chronic diseases such as COPD. However, a limited number of polymers are currently approved for inhalation. The study presents a promising strategy using gelatin as a matrix for inhalable dry powders, allowing the controlled release of ionic drugs. Ionized cromoglicate sodium (CS) and ipratropium bromide (IBr) interacted in solution with charged gelatin before spray drying (SD). Calcium carbonate was used as a crosslinker. The microspheres showed remarkable aerosol performance after optimizing the SD parameters and did not cause cytotoxicity in A549 cells. The microspheres were highly dispersible with ∼ 50-60% of respirable fraction and fine particle fraction 55-70%. Uncrosslinked microspheres increased their size from four to ten times by swelling after 5 min showing potential as a strategy to avoid macrophage clearance and prolong the therapeutic effect of the drug. Crosslinkers prevented particle swelling. Ionic interaction generated a moderate reduction of the drug release. Overall, this study provides a novel approach for developing DPI formulations for treating chronic respiratory diseases using a biopolymer approved by the FDA, potentially enhancing drug activity through controlled release and avoiding macrophage clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Behrend-Keim
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Almendra Castro-Muñoz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Luis Monrreal-Ortega
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Bárbara Ávalos-León
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Carolina Campos-Estrada
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Tania F Bahamondez-Canas
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Daniel Moraga-Espinoza
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
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Zhang J, Wu K, Liu B, Hou S, Li X, Ye X, Liu J, He Q. Bioequivalence study of ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol using PBPK modelling. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1056318. [PMID: 36824609 PMCID: PMC9941642 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1056318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Systemic pharmacokinetic (PK) studies can reflect the overall exposure of orally inhaled drug Products (OIDPs) in the blood after inhalation into the lung and can be used to evaluate the bioequivalence of test and reference products. The aim of this article is: (1) to study the PK characteristics and bioequivalence of ipratropium bromide (IB) inhalation aerosol, reference and test products in healthy Chinese subjects; (2) to establish a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and verify the accuracy of the model in predicting bioequivalence; (3) attempt to use the model to predict the regional distribution of particles in the lung after inhalation, and discuss the effect of gastrointestinal drug absorption of IB on systemic exposure. Methods The study involved two clinical studies. Clinical study-1 (registration number: CTR20201284) was used with non-clinical data to construct and validate a PBPK model in the B2O simulator, a web-based virtual drug development platform. This model assessed different test and reference products' bioequivalence. Results were compared to a second clinical study (Clinical study-2: registration number CTR20202291). The particles' regional distribution in the lung and the gastrointestinal absorption effect on systemic exposure were discussed based on the simulation results. Results The established PBPK model successfully simulated the in vivo PK characteristics of IB inhalation aerosol, with r 2 close to 1. Gastrointestinal absorption had a negligible effect on systemic exposure. Particles accumulated in the alveolar area were cleared within an hour, followed by particles in the bronchioles and bronchi. Conclusion This model provided a reliable method for exploring the correlation between in vitro and in vivo PK studies of IB inhalation aerosols. According to the simulation results, the test and reference products were bioequivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Zhang
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keheng Wu
- Yinghan Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuguang Hou
- Sichuan Purity Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Yinghan Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Yinghan Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jack Liu
- Yinghan Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qing He
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Qing He, ✉
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Tian F, Li C, Wang X, Ren S, Li N, Liu Q, Zhou S, Lu Y, Zhao D, Chen X. Comparative study on pharmacokinetics of a series of anticholinergics, atropine, anisodamine, anisodine, scopolamine and tiotropium in rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:245-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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