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Chen W, Ma Y, He W, Wu Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Tian H, Wei K, Yang X, Zhang H. Structure units oriented approach towards collective synthesis of sarpagine-ajmaline-koumine type alkaloids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:908. [PMID: 35177620 PMCID: PMC8854706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarpagine-Ajmaline-Koumine type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids represent a fascinating class of natural products with polycyclic and cage-like structures, interesting biological activities, and related biosynthetic origins. Herein we report a unified approach towards the asymmetric synthesis of these three types of alkaloids, leading to a collective synthesis of 14 natural alkaloids. Among them, akuammidine, 19-Z-akuammidine, vincamedine, vincarine, quebrachidine, vincamajine, alstiphylianine J, and dihydrokoumine are accomplished for the first time. Features of our synthesis are a new Mannich-type cyclization to construct the key indole-fused azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane common intermediate, a SmI2 mediated coupling to fuse the aza-bridged E-ring, stereoselective olefinations to install either the 19-E or 19-Z terminal alkenes presented in the natural alkaloids, and an efficient iodo-induced cyclization to establish the two vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers in the Koumine-type alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yinxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yuancheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hongchang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
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Abdallah F, Lecellier G, Raharivelomanana P, Pichon C. R. nukuhivensis acts by reinforcing skin barrier function, boosting skin immunity and by inhibiting IL-22 induced keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4132. [PMID: 30858525 PMCID: PMC6411885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rauvolfia nukuhivensis is a well-known plant used for its wide range of beneficial effects in Marquesas islands. It is made up of diverse indole alkaloids and is used as traditional medicine for skin application. The actual mechanism behind the virtue of this plant is still unknown. Hence, in this study we aimed at deciphering the impact of R. nukuhivensis on skin immune system in context of (1) homeostasis, (2) pathogen infection and (3) inflammation. Here we show that R. nukuhivensis enhances cellular metabolic activity and wound healing without inducing cellular stress or disturbing cellular homeostasis. It reinforces the epithelial barrier by up-regulating hBD-1. Nevertheless, in pathogenic stress, R. nukuhivensis acts by preparing the immune system to be reactive and effective directly. Indeed, it enhances the innate immune response by increasing pathogens sensors such as TLR5. Finally, R. nukuhivensis blocks IL-22 induced hyperproliferation via PTEN and Filaggrin up-regulation as well as BCL-2 downregulation. In conclusion, this study provides evidence on the several cutaneous application potentials of R. nukuhivensis such as boosting the immune response or in restoring the integrity of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Abdallah
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Gaël Lecellier
- Université de Paris-Saclay UVSQ, 55 Avenue de Paris, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Phila Raharivelomanana
- Université de la Polynésie Française, UMR 241 EIO, 6570 - 98702, Faa'a, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR4301, 45071, Orléans, France.
- Université d'Orléans, Collegium Sciences et Techniques, 45100, Orléans, France.
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Wu F, Kerčmar P, Zhang C, Stöckigt J. Sarpagan-Ajmalan-Type Indoles: Biosynthesis, Structural Biology, and Chemo-Enzymatic Significance. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2015; 76:1-61. [PMID: 26827882 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid ajmaline in the genus Rauvolfia, in particular Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz, is one of the few pathways that have been comprehensively uncovered. Every step in the progress of plant alkaloid biosynthesis research is due to the endeavors of several generations of scientists and the advancement of technologies. The tissue and cell suspension cultures developed in the 1970s by M.H. Zenk enabled the extraction of alkaloids and crude enzymes for use as experimental materials, thus establishing the foundation for further research on enzymatic reaction networks. In vivo NMR technology was first used in biosynthetic investigations in the 1990s following the invention of high-field cryo-NMR, which allowed the rapid and reliable detection of bioconversion processes within living plant cells. Shortly before, in 1988, a milestone was reached with the heterologous expression of the strictosidine synthase cDNA, which paved the way for the application of "reverse genetics" and "macromolecular crystallography." Both methods allowed the structural analysis of several Rauvolfia enzymes involved in ajmaline biosynthesis and expanded our knowledge of the enzyme mechanisms, substrate specificities, and structure-activity relationships. It also opened the door for rational enzyme engineering and metabolic steering. Today, the research focus of ajmaline biosynthesis is shifting from "delineation" to "utilization." The Pictet-Spenglerase strictosidine synthase, strictosidine glucosidase, together with raucaffricine glucosidase, as pioneers in this area, have become useful tools to generate "privileged structures" and "diversity oriented" syntheses, which may help to construct novel scaffolds and to set up libraries of sarpagan-ajmalan-type alkaloids in chemo-enzymatic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Chenggui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Joachim Stöckigt
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Facchini PJ, St-Pierre B. Synthesis and trafficking of alkaloid biosynthetic enzymes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2005; 8:657-66. [PMID: 16182601 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of plant natural products involves a large number of enzymes that create and elaborate a bewildering array of chemical structures, which are generally involved in ecophysiological interactions. Alkaloids are one of the largest groups of natural products and are generally produced through an assortment of intricate pathways. The application of molecular biochemical approaches to investigate the cell biology of alkaloid pathways has revealed a paradigm for the complex, yet highly ordered, organization of biosynthetic enzymes at both the cellular and subcellular levels. Many different cell types have been implicated in alkaloid formation and storage, in one case suggesting the intercellular transport of enzymes. The localization of enzymes to numerous cellular compartments shows the importance of protein targeting in the assembly of alkaloid pathways. Recent studies have also pointed to the possible interaction of biosynthetic enzymes in multi-enzyme complexes. These processes must be considered to be integral components of the mechanisms that regulate alkaloid biosynthesis and perhaps other natural product pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Ruppert M, Woll J, Giritch A, Genady E, Ma X, Stöckigt J. Functional expression of an ajmaline pathway-specific esterase from Rauvolfia in a novel plant-virus expression system. PLANTA 2005; 222:888-98. [PMID: 16133216 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-005-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetylajmalan esterase (AAE) plays an essential role in the late stage of ajmaline biosynthesis. Based on the partial peptide sequences of AAE isolated and purified from Rauvolfia cell suspensions, a full-length AAE cDNA clone was isolated. The amino acid sequence of AAE has the highest level of identity of 40% to putative lipases known from the Arabidopsis thaliana genome project. Based on the primary structure AAE is a new member of the GDSL lipase superfamily. The expression in Escherichia coli failed although a wide range of conditions were tested. With a novel virus-based plant expression system, it was possible to express AAE functionally in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. An extraordinarily high enzyme activity was detected in the Nicotiana tissue, which exceeded that in Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz cell suspension cultures about 20-fold. This expression allowed molecular analysis of AAE for the first time and increased the number of functionally expressed alkaloid genes from Rauvolfia now to eight, and the number of ajmaline pathway-specific cDNAs to a total of six.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ruppert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Barleben L, Ma X, Koepke J, Peng G, Michel H, Stöckigt J. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of strictosidine glucosidase, an enzyme initiating biosynthetic pathways to a unique diversity of indole alkaloid skeletons. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2005; 1747:89-92. [PMID: 15680242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Strictosidine beta-D-glucosidase, a plant enzyme initiating biosynthetic pathways to about 2000 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with an extremely large number of various carbon skeletons, has been functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity in mg scale. Crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were found by robot-mediated screening. Using the hanging-drop technique, optimum conditions were 0.3 M ammonium sulfate, 0.1 M sodium acetate, pH 4.6 and PEG 4000 (10%) as precipitant buffer. The crystals of strictosidine glucosidase belong to the space group P42(1)2 with unit cell dimensions of a=157.63, c=103.59 A and diffract X-rays to 2.48-A resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Barleben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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Yu B, Ruppert M, Stöckigt J. Deoxysarpagine hydroxylase--a novel enzyme closing a short side pathway of alkaloid biosynthesis in Rauvolfia. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2479-83. [PMID: 12057637 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal preparations from cell suspension cultures of the Indian plant Rauvolfia serpentina catalyze the hydroxylation of deoxysarpagine under formation of sarpagine. The newly discovered enzyme is dependent on NADPH and oxygen. It can be inhibited by typical cytochrome P450 inhibitors such as cytochrome c, ketoconazole, metyrapone, tetcyclacis and carbon monoxide. The CO-effect is reversible with light (450 nm). The data indicate that deoxysarpagine hydroxylase is a novel cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. A pH optimum of 8.0 and a temperature optimum of 35 degrees C were determined. K(m) values were 25 microM for NADPH and 7.4 microM for deoxysarpagine. Deoxysarpagine hydroxylase activity was stable in presence of 20% sucrose at -25 degrees C for >3 months. The analysis of presence of the hydroxylase in nine cell cultures of seven different families indicates a very limited taxonomic distribution of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwu Yu
- Johannes Gutenberg-University, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Staudinger Weg 5, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Mattern-Dogru E, Ma X, Hartmann J, Decker H, Stöckigt J. Potential active-site residues in polyneuridine aldehyde esterase, a central enzyme of indole alkaloid biosynthesis, by modelling and site-directed mutagenesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:2889-96. [PMID: 12071952 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of the antiarrhythmic alkaloid ajmaline, polyneuridine aldehyde esterase (PNAE) catalyses a central reaction by transforming polyneuridine aldehyde into epi-vellosimine, which is the immediate precursor for the synthesis of the ajmalane skeleton. The PNAE cDNA was previously heterologously expressed in E. coli. Sequence alignments indicated that PNAE has a 43% identity to a hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis, which is a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. The catalytic triad, which is typical for this family, is conserved. By site-directed mutagenesis, the members of the catalytic triad were identified. For further detection of the active residues, a model of PNAE was constructed based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of hydroxynitrile lyase. The potential active site residues were selected on this model, and were mutated in order to better understand the relationship of PNAE with the alpha/beta hydrolases, and as well its mechanism of action. The results showed that PNAE is a novel member of the alpha/beta hydrolase enzyme superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Mattern-Dogru
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
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Quintanilla-Licea R, Teuber HJ. Review on Reactions of Acetylacetaldehyde with Aromatic and Biogenic Amines and Indoles — Synthesis of Heterocycles via Hydroxymethylene Ketones. HETEROCYCLES 2001. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-01-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stöckigt D, Unger M, Belder D, Stöckigt J. Analysis of Rauwolfia Alkaloids Employing Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/10575639708043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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