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Santin DC, Velo MMDAC, Camim FDS, Brondino NCM, Honório HM, Mondelli RFL. Effect of thickness on shrinkage stress and bottom-to-top hardness ratio of conventional and bulk-fill composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12825. [PMID: 34865270 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the material thickness on shrinkage stress and bottom-to-top hardness ratio of conventional and bulk-fill composites. Six commercial composites were selected based on their different technologies: Two conventional (C1, C2), two high-viscosity bulk-fill (HVB1, HVB2), and two low-viscosity bulk-fill (LVB1, LVB2). Shrinkage stress was analyzed for five specimens with 2 mm thickness (C-factor 0.75 and volume 24 mm3 ) and five specimens with 4 mm thickness (C-factor 0.375 and volume 48 mm3 ) for 300 s in a universal testing machine. Bottom-to-top hardness ratio values were obtained from Knoop microhardness measurements in specimens with 2- and 4-mm thickness (n = 5). Thickness increase resulted in significantly higher shrinkage stress for all materials with the exception of HVB2 and LVB1. C1, C2, HVB2, and LVB1 showed lower bottom-to-top hardness ratios at 4 mm than at 2 mm. Only LVB2 presented a bottom-to-top hardness ratio lower than 80% at 2 mm, while HVB1 surpassed this threshold at 4 mm of depth. The results suggest that the increase of composite thickness affected the shrinkage stress values. Also, thickness increase resulted in lower bottom-to-top hardness ratio. HVB1 showed better behavior than other bulk-fill materials, with low stress and adequate bottom-to-top hardness ratio at 4 mm thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Cristo Santin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francielly da Silva Camim
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Sokolowski K, Szczesio-Wlodarczyk A, Bociong K, Krasowski M, Fronczek-Wojciechowska M, Domarecka M, Sokolowski J, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Contraction and Hydroscopic Expansion Stress of Dental Ion-Releasing Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101093. [PMID: 30961019 PMCID: PMC6403603 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion-releasing polymeric restorative materials seem to be promising solutions, due to their possible anticaries effect. However, acid functional groups (monomers) and glass filler increase hydrophilicity and, supposedly, water sorption. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of water sorption of polymeric materials on the stress state at the restoration-tooth interface. Beautifil Bulk Fill Flow, Beautifil Flow Plus F00, Beautifil Flow F02, Dyract eXtra, Compoglass Flow, Ionosit, Glasiosite, TwinkiStar, Ionolux and Fuji II LC were used for the study. The stress state was measured using photoelastic analysis after: 0.5, 24, 72, 96, 168, 240, 336, 504, 672, 1344 and 2016 h. Moreover, water sorption, solubility and absorption dynamic were assessed. The water sorption, solubility and absorption dynamic of ion-releasing restorative materials are material dependent properties. The overall results indicated that the tested restorative materials showed significant stress decrease. The total reduction in contraction stress and water expansion stress was not observed for materials with low value of water sorption (Beautifil Bulk Fill, Dyract eXtra, Glasionosit and Twinky Star). The photoelastic method turned out to be inadequate to evaluate stress changes of resin modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGI, Fuji II LC and Ionolux).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kinga Bociong
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michal Krasowski
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Fronczek-Wojciechowska
- "DynamoLab" Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Domarecka
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Effect of fiber incorporation on the contraction stress of composite materials. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1461-1471. [PMID: 30120604 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effects of fiber incorporation on the contraction stress (CS), time to gelation (TG), and temperature rise (TR) features of two experimental resin-based composites (RBCs) in comparison to those of bulk-fill RBCs and conventional RBCs in simulated, clinically relevant cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS CS over 300 s, TG and TR were assessed by a stress-strain analyzer (SSA T80) in two cavity configurations (2 × 4 × 4 mm3/4 × 4 × 4 mm3/configuration value [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) for two experimental RBCs, eight bulk-fill RBCs (EverX Posterior, Filtek Bulk Fill, SDR, SonicFill, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Venus Bulk Fill, X-tra base, and X-tra Fill) and one RBC (Filtek Supreme XTE) by light curing (1200 mW/cm2) (n = 10). The experimental materials used were based on EverX Posterior with modifications made to the fiber and filler content. Statistical analyses were performed via ANOVA; multiple pair-wise comparisons were performed via Tukey's test, and homogeneous subsets were identified ("multcomp" package, R). RESULTS CS values ranged from 1.00 to 4.07 MPa (2 × 4 × 4 mm3) and from 0.97 to 2.49 MPa (4 × 4 × 4 mm3); TG values ranged from 1.31 to 4.05 s (2 × 4 × 4 mm3) and from 1.39 to 3.84 s (4 × 4 × 4 mm3). SDR values showed lowest stress values in both cavity configurations. The experimental composite with fibers presented significantly higher stress values than did the experimental composite without fibers. CONCLUSION Bulk-fill RBCs showed lower levels of stress than did conventional RBCs. The incorporation of fibers had no positive impact on the CS and TG. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Appropriate material selection may be essential to clinical success because certain RBCs exhibit higher CS, TG, and TR values.
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Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Characterization of fluoride releasing restorative dental materials. Dent Mater J 2017; 37:293-300. [PMID: 29279547 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare certain mechanical properties, Vickers-hardness, water sorption, fluoride-release, shrinkage-stress and wear of five commercial fluoride-releasing restorative materials (Dyract, CompGlass, BEAUTIFIL II, ACTIVA-Restorative, and GC Fuji II LC), in relation to their microstructural characteristics. Mechanical properties were determined for each material following ISO standards. A wear test was conducted with 15,000 chewing cycles using a dual-axis chewing simulator. Daily fluoride-release was measured during the first 10 days by using a fluoride ion selective electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the microstructure of each material. Results were statistically analysed using ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test. ACTIVA-Restorative exhibited the highest fracture toughness (1.1 MPa m1/2) among the materials tested. BEAUTIFIL II presented the highest flexural strength (145 MPa) which was not significantly different (p>0.05) from CompGlass and Dyract. Highest fluoride-release measurement was located for GC Fuji II LC among other tested materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku.,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
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Polymerization shrinkage assessment of dental resin composites: a literature review. Odontology 2016; 104:257-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sagsoz O, Ilday NO, Karatas O, Cayabatmaz M, Parlak H, Olmez MH, Demirbuga S. The bond strength of highly filled flowable composites placed in two different configuration factors. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:21-5. [PMID: 26957788 PMCID: PMC4760007 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.173188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of different flowable composite resins placed in different configuration factors (C-factors) into Class I cavities. Materials and Methods: Fifty freshly extracted human molars were divided into 10 groups. Five different composite resins; a universal flowable composite (AeliteFlo, BISCO), two highly filled flowable composites (GrandioSO Flow, VOCO; GrandioSO Heavy Flow, VOCO), a bulk-fill flowable composite (smart dentin replacement [SDR], Dentsply), and a conventional paste-like composite (Filtek Supreme XT, 3M ESPE) were placed into Class I cavities (4 mm deep) with 1 mm or 2 mm layers. Restored teeth were sectioned vertically with a slow-speed diamond saw (Isomet 1000, Buehler) and four micro-specimens (1 mm × 1 mm) were obtained from each tooth (n = 20). Specimens were subjected to μTBS test. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed with two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. Fractured surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Results: The μTBS in SDR-1 mm were higher than other groups, where Filtek Supreme XT-2 mm and GrandioSO Flow-2 mm were lower. No significant differences were found between C-factors for any composite resin (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Bulk-fill flowable composite provided more satisfactory μTBS than others. Different C-factors did not affect mean μTBS of the materials tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Sagsoz
- Department of Restorative Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Ozakar Ilday
- Department of Restorative Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Karatas
- Department of Restorative Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Cayabatmaz
- Department of Restorative Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hatice Parlak
- Department of Restorative Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Melek Hilal Olmez
- Department of Restorative Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sezer Demirbuga
- Department of Restorative Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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GU JU, CHOI NS. Evaluation of marginal failures of dental composite restorations by acoustic emission analysis. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:398-404. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu Q, Meng X, Yoshida K, Luo X. Bond degradation behavior of self-adhesive cement and conventional resin cements bonded to silanized ceramic. J Prosthet Dent 2011; 105:177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(11)60026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Investigations on a methacrylate-based flowable composite based on the SDR™ technology. Dent Mater 2010; 27:348-55. [PMID: 21194743 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monomer development for a reduced shrinkage of composite materials still challenges the modern research. The purpose of this study was to analyse the shrinkage behavior of an innovative composite material for dental restorations based on a resin system that is claimed to control polymerization kinetics having incorporated a photoactive group within the resin. METHODS Shrinkage stress development within the first 300s after photoinitiation, gel point as well as micro-mechanical properties (Vickers hardness HV, modulus of elasticity E, creep Cr and elastic-plastic indentation work W(e)/W(tot)) were evaluated (n = 10). The experimental flowable resin-based composite (RBC) was measured in comparison to regular methacrylate-based micro- (Esthet X Flow) and nano-hybrid flowable RBCs (Filtek Supreme Plus Flow). Additionally, the high viscosity counterparts of the two regular flowable methacryate-based composites (Esthet X Plus and Filtek Supreme Plus) as well as a low shrinkage silorane-based micro-hybrid composite (Filtek Silorane) were considered. The curing time was 20s (LED unit Freelight2, 3M-ESPE, 1226 mW/cm(2)). RESULTS The experimental material achieved the significantly lowest contraction stress (1.1 ± .01 MPa) followed by the silorane-based composite (3.6 ± .03 MPa), whereas the highest stress values were induced in the regular methacrylate-based flowable composites EsthetX Flow (5.3 ± .3 MPa) and Filtek Supreme Flow (6.5 ± .3 MPa). In view of gel point, the best values were obtained for the experimental flowable composite (3.1 ± .1s) and Filtek Silorane (3.2 ± .3s), which did not differ significant from each others, whereas EsthetX Plus and Filtek Supreme Plus did also not differ significantly, inducing the shortest gel point. The experimental flowable material achieved also the lowest shrinkage-rate (maximum at 0.1 MPa/s). For all analysed materials, no significant difference in the micro-mechanical properties between top and bottom were found when measured on 2mm thick increments 24h after polymerization. The categories of flowable materials performed in the measured micro-mechanical properties significantly inferior when compared to the hybrid-composites, showing lower HV and E and predominantly higher creep and plastic deformation. Within the flowable RBCs, the experimental material achieved the lowest Vickers hardness, the highest modulus of elasticity, the highest creep and showed the significantly lowest elastic deformation. SIGNIFICANCE The experimental flowable composite revealed the lowest shrinkage stress and shrinkage-rate values in comparison to regular methacrylate composites but intermediate micro-mechanical properties. Being at the same time more rigid (higher modulus of elasticity) and more plastic (low W(e)/W(tot) and high creep values) as the regular flowable materials, its effect on interfacial stress build-up cannot be easily predicted.
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El-Korashy DI. Post-gel shrinkage strain and degree of conversion of preheated resin composite cured using different regimens. Oper Dent 2010; 35:172-9. [PMID: 20420060 DOI: 10.2341/09-072-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the influence of resin composite preheating temperature, light curing regimen (mode and duration) on post-gel shrinkage strain (PGSS) and degree of conversion (DC) of a restorative resin composite. METHODS A hybrid resin composite preheated to three different temperatures (37 degrees C, 54 degrees C and 68 degrees C) was cured using a high intensity light emitting diode (LED) curing unit. The light source was used in 40- and 20-second continuous mode as well as soft start mode. The resin composite was monitored for PGSS during curing and 10 minutes following light irradiation using strain gauges. DC was measured using FTIR spectrometer. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test for pairwise comparisons. The significance level was set at p < or = 0.05. RESULTS Preheating of the resin composite significantly increased its PGSS and DC. The soft start groups revealed significantly lower PGSS values compared to the 20- and 40-second groups without altering the DC. CONCLUSIONS Preheating of resin composite prior to curing increased its DC but also increased its PGSS. The soft-start mode decreased the PGSS of resin composite without altering the DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia I El-Korashy
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Investigations on mechanical behaviour of dental composites. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 13:427-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cadenaro M, Marchesi G, Antoniolli F, Davidson C, De Stefano Dorigo E, Breschi L. Flowability of composites is no guarantee for contraction stress reduction. Dent Mater 2009; 25:649-54. [PMID: 19136149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to measure the contraction stress development of three flowable resin-composite materials (Grandio Flow, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany; Tetric Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein; Filtek Supreme XT Flowable Restorative, 3M ESPE, ST. Paul, MN, USA) and an universal micro-hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) during photopolymerization with a halogen curing light, using a novel stress-measuring gauge. METHODS Curing shrinkage stress was measured using a stress-analyzer. Composites were polymerized with a halogen curing unit (VIP, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) for 40s. The contraction force (N) generated during polymerization was continuously recorded for 180s after photo-initiation. Contraction stress (MPa) was calculated at 20s, 40s, 60s, 120s and 180s. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Filtek Supreme XT Flowable Restorative exhibited the highest stress values compared to other materials (p<0.05), while the lowest values were recorded with Tetric Flow (p<0.05). Tetric Flow was also the only flowable composite showing stress values lower than the conventional composite Filtek Z250 (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Flowable composites investigated with this experimental setup showed shrinkage stress comparable to conventional resin restorative materials, thus supporting the hypothesis that the use of flowable materials do not lead to marked stress reduction and the risk of debonding at the adhesive interface as a result of polymerization contraction is similar for both type of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Cadenaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Via Stuparich, 1, I-34125 Trieste, Italy.
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Cunha LG, Alonso RCB, Neves ACC, de Goes MF, Ferracane JL, Sinhoreti MAC. Degree of Conversion and Contraction Stress Development of a Resin Composite Irradiated Using Halogen and LED at Two C-factor Levels. Oper Dent 2009; 34:24-31. [DOI: 10.2341/08-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Curing methods using lower irradiance levels were shown to be effective in reducing the rate of stress generation without compromising the conversion of the restorative composite. Higher C-factor was shown to enhance the stress rate and amount of stress generated.
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Cadenaro M, Biasotto M, Scuor N, Breschi L, Davidson CL, Di Lenarda R. Assessment of polymerization contraction stress of three composite resins. Dent Mater 2007; 24:681-5. [PMID: 17765300 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to measure the development of contraction stress of three composite resin restorative materials during photo-polymerization: a micro-hybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); a nano-filled composite (Filtek Supreme, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); and a low-shrinkage composite (AElite LS, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). METHODS Curing shrinkage stress was measured using a stress-analyzer. Composites were polymerized with a halogen-curing unit (VIP, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) for 40 s. The contraction force (N) generated during polymerization was continuously recorded for 150 s after photo-initiation. Contraction stress (MPa) was calculated at 20, 40, 60 and 150 s. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The low-shrinkage composite AElite LS exhibited the lowest stress values compared to other materials (p<0.05). Statistical analysis did not show significant differences between Filtek Z250 and Filtek Supreme. SIGNIFICANCE The low-shrinkage composite showed lower contraction stress than micro-hybrid and nano-filled composite. Ideally, non-shrinking resins would represent the ultimate solution to overcome polymerization contraction and stress-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Cadenaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Via Stuparich 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
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Soncini JA, Maserejian NN, Trachtenberg F, Tavares M, Hayes C. The longevity of amalgam versus compomer/composite restorations in posterior primary and permanent teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138:763-72. [PMID: 17545265 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available from randomized clinical trials comparing the longevity of amalgam and resin-based compomer/composite restorations. The authors compared replacement rates of these types of restorations in posterior teeth during the five-year follow-up of the New England Children's Amalgam Trial. METHODS The authors randomized children aged 6 to 10 years who had two or more posterior occlusal carious lesions into groups that received amalgam (n=267) or compomer (primary teeth)/composite (permanent teeth) (n=267) restorations and followed them up semiannually. They compared the longevity of restorations placed on all posterior surfaces using random effects survival analysis. RESULTS The average+/-standard deviation follow-up was 2.8+/-1.4 years for primary tooth restorations and 3.4+/-1.9 years for permanent tooth restorations. In primary teeth, the replacement rate was 5.8 percent of compomers versus 4.0 percent of amalgams (P=.10), with 3.0 percent versus 0.5 percent (P=.002), respectively, due to recurrent caries. In permanent teeth, the replacement rate was 14.9 percent of composites versus 10.8 percent of amalgams (P=.45), and the repair rate was 2.8 percent of composites versus 0.4 percent of amalgams (P=.02). CONCLUSION Although the overall difference in longevity was not statistically significant, compomer was replaced significantly more frequently owing to recurrent caries, and composite restorations required seven times as many repairs as did amalgam restorations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Compomer/composite restorations on posterior tooth surfaces in children may require replacement or repair at higher rates than amalgam restorations, even within five years of placement.
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Cunha LG, Alonso RCB, Pfeifer CSC, Correr-Sobrinho L, Ferracane JL, Sinhoreti MAC. Modulated photoactivation methods: Influence on contraction stress, degree of conversion and push-out bond strength of composite restoratives. J Dent 2007; 35:318-24. [PMID: 17113700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Verify the influence of curing methods on contraction stress, stress rate, and degree of conversion (DC) of a restorative composite and on bond strength of composite restoratives. METHODS For the stress test, composite (0.84 mm thick) was applied between two 5-mm diameter glass rods, mounted in a servohydraulic machine. Stress rate was taken by the value of stress/time at each second. DC was measured by micro-FTIR. Bond strength testing was performed using a push-out test. The C-factor in all tests was 3.0. Four curing methods were tested: continuous light (CL), soft-start (SS), and two pulse delay methods using different initial irradiances--150 mW/cm(2) (PD150) and 80 mW/cm(2) (PD80). Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS Stress values ranged from 7.9 MPa (PD80) to 10.3 MPa (CL). No statistical difference was verified among CL, SS, and PD150. PD80 presented statistically lower stress values compared to CL and SS. CL presented the highest maximum stress rate, followed by SS, PD150 and PD80. Mean DC values ranged from 54.2% (PD150) to 55.9% (PD80), with no difference observed among the methods. For the bond strength test, values ranged from 26.4 MPa (CL) to 35.5 MPa (PD150). PD150 and PD80 were both statistically superior to SS and CL. SS presented statistically higher bond strength compared to CL. CONCLUSIONS Modulated curing methods were shown to be effective in reducing contraction stress rate and improving the strength of the bonded interface, and without compromising the DC of the restorative composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Goncalves Cunha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Area, Piracicaba, School of Dentistry, UNICAMP Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areião, CEP 13414-018, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lindberg A, van Dijken JWV, Lindberg M. Nine-year evaluation of a polyacid-modified resin composite/resin composite open sandwich technique in Class II cavities. J Dent 2007; 35:124-9. [PMID: 16956709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate in an intraindividual comparison the durability of a polyacid-modified resin composite/resin composite open sandwich restoration in a 9 years follow-up. A polyacid-modified resin composite (PMRC; compomer, Dyract) was placed as an intermediate layer and covered with resin composite (RC, Prisma TPH). A direct RC restoration was used as control. METHODS Each of 57 patients, received at least one pair of Class II restorations, one open sandwich and one resin composite control. In total 75 pairs of Class II restorations, 68 premolars and 82 molars, all in occlusion, were placed by two dentists. Most of the cavities were surrounded by enamel. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, 6, 12, 24, 36 months and 9 years by slightly modified USPHS criteria. Survival of restorations grouped on the two different techniques was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS After 9 years, 14 of 135 evaluated restorations were estimated as unacceptable, 6 in the sandwich group and 8 in the control group. Over all annual failure rate during the 9-year period was 1.1%. The survival rate was not significant different between the two techniques (p=0.604). Reasons of failure were: secondary caries (8), fracture of tooth (1), fracture of restoration (2), endodontic treatment (3). CONCLUSIONS Both restorative techniques showed good durability during the 9-year period. No clinical advantage was observed for the sandwich technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lindberg
- Department of Odontology, Dental School Umeå, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Rivera-Torres F, Vera-Graziano R. Effects of water on the long-term properties of Bis-GMA and silylated-(Bis-GMA) polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Latorre-García M, Alvarez-Gayosso C, Barceló-Santana F, Vera-Graziano R. Study of shrinkage–strain and contraction rates of commercial and experimental compomers. Dent Mater 2006; 22:1063-70. [PMID: 16423385 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To asses the contraction rate and shrinkage-strain of a new experimental compomer in comparison with four commercial compomers and a flowable composite resin. METHOD Shrinkage-strain and contraction rate were calculated by measuring the deflection of a disc in a developed instrument using "bonded disk" method. RESULTS Both shrinkage-strain and contraction rate are reported. Total shrinkage-strain for compomer systems varies from 2.59 to 3.34%, whereas the flowable composite resin showed a value of 3.50%. The contraction rate for compomers varies from 81.60 to 109.80 microm/min, whereas the flowable composite resin obtained 141.6 microm/min. Commercial compomers show a lower contraction rate than the control group, whereas the experimental group only shows statistical differences with a commercial compomer (Dyract AP). SIGNIFICANCE The shrinkage-strain and contraction rate results for the experimental compomer are as good as those obtained for a commercial flowable compomer and a flowable composite resin. The contraction rates of all compomers could be directly related to polymerization rates. The method used to measure shrinkage-strain and contraction rate is adequate because it simulates conditions in situ. It can be inferred that the contraction rate is directly related to shrinkage-strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Latorre-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Materiales Dentales, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México.
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Nicholson JW, Czarnecka B. The Clinical Repair of Teeth Using Direct Filling Materials: Engineering Considerations. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2006; 220:635-45. [PMID: 16898220 DOI: 10.1243/09544119h07704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the way in which teeth damaged by caries may be repaired clinically. The mechanical effects of caries are described, as are the materials available to repair the damage caused by this disease. Studies are reported which have shown that caries reduces the compressive strength of the tooth to less than 50 per cent of its original value and that, by use of appropriate materials and placement techniques, this can be restored to some 80 per cent of this value. However, very few studies have been carried out which view tooth repair from an engineering perspective. Instead, emphasis is placed on determining clinical durability of repairs. This is related to repair strength but brings in other factors, such as the oral hygiene of the patient. Despite this complication, durability studies show that modern restorative materials perform well under clinical conditions, from which it may be concluded that the repair process allows a structure to be fabricated that is essentially sound from an engineering view-point, even if inferior to the original tooth structure provided by nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Nicholson
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK.
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Nicholson JW. Polyacid-modified composite resins ("compomers") and their use in clinical dentistry. Dent Mater 2006; 23:615-22. [PMID: 16790271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper describes the chemistry and properties of polyacid-modified composite resins ("compomers") designed for use in clinical dentistry, and reviews the literature in this area. METHODS Information has been obtained from over 50 published articles appearing in the dental and biomaterials literature, with studies being principally identified through MedLine. RESULTS Published work shows that polyacid-modified composite resins constitute a discrete class of polymeric repair material for use in dentistry. Their distinction is that they contain hydrophilic components, and these cause water to be drawn into the material following cure. This triggers an acid-base reaction, and gives the materials certain clinically-desirable properties (fluoride release, buffering capability) that are also associated with glass-ionomer cements. The water uptake leads to a decline in certain, though not all, physical properties. However, clinical studies have shown these materials to perform acceptably in a variety of applications (Class I, Class II and Class V cavities, as fissure sealants and as orthodontic band cements), especially in children's teeth. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Polyacid-modified composite resins constitute a versatile class of dental repair material, whose bioactivity confers clinical advantages, and which are particularly useful in children's dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Nicholson
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Li Q, Jepsen S, Albers HK, Eberhard J. Flowable materials as an intermediate layer could improve the marginal and internal adaptation of composite restorations in Class-V-cavities. Dent Mater 2006; 22:250-7. [PMID: 16084584 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of restorative systems in combination with flowable materials as an intermediate layer in Class-V-cavities. METHODS Thirty Class-V-cavities with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin/cementum were prepared and randomly assigned to five groups. The following five restorative systems were used: compomer, composite E, flowable compomer/composite E, composite RF and flowable composite/composite RF. The flowable materials were added between the restorative composites and the cervical margins of the cavities. Marginal and internal adaptation were quantitatively evaluated before and after thermal (2,500 times between 5 and 55 degrees C) and mechanical load cycling (25,000 times 100 N) using standard SEM procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-Test. The morphology of the internal restorative interfaces was also evaluated. RESULTS The present study revealed that the best marginal adaptation in dentin was attained with the compomer restoration (95.8% perfect margin). The marginal adaptation of composite restorative systems was improved by the use of a flowable compomer (45.5% vs. 68.2% perfect margin in dentin) or a flowable composite (46.7% vs. 80.7% perfect margin in dentin, p<0.05) as an intermediate layer. No differences were observed between the used materials for the parameter internal adaptation. SIGNIFICANCE In Class-V-cavities compomers showed the best marginal adaptation and the marginal adaptation of composite fillings could be improved by the use of flowable materials as an intermediate layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Li
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, Campus Kiel 24105, Germany
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Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ. Polymerization shrinkage and contraction stress of dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2005; 21:1150-7. [PMID: 16040118 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the shrinkage, contraction stress, tensile modulus, and the flow factor of 17 commercially available dental resin composites. METHOD The volumetric shrinkage measurements were performed by mercury dilatometry, and the contraction stress and tensile modulus were determined by means of stress-strain analysis. The statistical analysis was conducted by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, and linear regression. RESULTS Strong linear correlation for most resin composites were found for (i) contraction stress and shrinkage (ii) contraction stress and tensile modulus, and (iii) shrinkage and tensile modules. For most of the materials the unpolymerized resin content determines the amount of shrinkage, contraction stress and tensile modules. The pre-polymerized clusters in Heliomolar results in improved shrinkage/contraction stress properties. The shrinkage/contraction stress for Filtek Z100, Aelite Flo, and Flow-it was too high for the amount of resin in the resin composite. This was rationalized by high polymerization rates, a flow factor, and the nature of the resin. SIGNIFICANCE High shrinkage and/or high contraction stress may lead to failure of the bond between the resin composites and the tooth structure. This study shows that the unpolymerized resin content determines the amount of shrinkage, contraction stress and tensile modules. Therefore, using pre-polymerized clusters will improve shrinkage/contraction stress properties, as was shown in Heliomolar, while high polymerization rates, and low flow factors have a deteriorative effect on the shrinkage/contraction stress properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands.
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