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Nguyen NA, Nguyen NT, Tran VTT, Vo TTM, Uong TS, Nguyen HT, Nguyen NT, Nguyen DL, Pham TD, Nguyen DTN, Ho TM, Vuong LN. Developmental outcomes of children born through ICSI versus conventional IVF (cIVF) in couples with non-male factor infertility. Hum Reprod 2024:deae120. [PMID: 38840410 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION In non-male factor infertile couples, are there any differences in the developmental outcomes between children born through ICSI and conventional IVF (cIVF)? SUMMARY ANSWER In this preliminary study, ICSI and cIVF seem to have a comparable effect on developmental outcomes after 12 months in children born to non-male factor infertile couples. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY ICSI, an invasive technique, has raised concerns about potential developmental abnormalities in children. Limited data are available regarding the developmental outcomes of ICSI-conceived infants born to non-male factor infertile couples. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective cohort study involved a follow-up of all children aged 12 months or older who were born from pregnancies resulting from either ICSI or cIVF as part of a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) (NCT03428919). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In the original RCT, 1064 women were randomly assigned to the ICSI or cIVF groups (532 women for each group). Follow-up was conducted with 155 couples (195 children) in the ICSI group and 141 couples (185 children) in the cIVF group. The Vietnamese version of the Ages & Stages Third Edition Questionnaires (ASQ-3) and the Development Red Flags questionnaires were completed by the participants. A total of 141 (90.1%) women (177 children) in the ICSI group and 113 (80.1%) women (145 children) in the cIVF group returned fully completed questionnaires. The primary outcomes were the developmental outcomes based on responses to the ASQ-3 and the Red Flags questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The mean age of children at follow-up was 19.5 ± 5.0 months in the ICSI group and 19.3 ± 5.5 months in the cIVF group. The mean height and weight of children in both groups were similar. The overall proportion of children with any abnormal ASQ-3 score did not differ significantly between the ICSI and cIVF groups (16.9% vs 13.1%, P = 0.34). The proportion of children with Red Flag signs was also comparable between the two groups (6.2% vs 9.2%, P = 0.36, ICSI vs cIVF, respectively). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Despite a reasonably high follow-up response rate, there is a potential risk of sampling bias, and overall, the number of children with developmental abnormalities was very small. The study relied solely on questionnaires as screening tools, rather than incorporating additional behavioral observations or physical developmental tests; this may have affected the statistical power and the significance of between-group comparisons. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The current findings contribute to the existing evidence and support the comparative safety of ICSI and cIVF regarding early childhood development. However, more extensive and prolonged follow-up data for these children are needed to draw definitive conclusions. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was received for this study, and no authors reported conflicting interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04866524 (clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia A Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Pediatrics, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nam T Nguyen
- HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van T T Tran
- HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thu T M Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Truong S Uong
- Department of Pediatrics, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hau T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngan T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duy L Nguyen
- HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Toan D Pham
- HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Diem T N Nguyen
- HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuong M Ho
- HOPE Research Center, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- IVFMD, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan N Vuong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Perros P, Psarris A, Antsaklis P, Theodora M, Syndos M, Koutras A, Ntounis T, Fasoulakis Z, Rodolakis A, Daskalakis G. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Pregnancies Resulting from Assisted Reproduction: A Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101511. [PMID: 36291447 PMCID: PMC9600207 DOI: 10.3390/children9101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The term infertility is defined as the lack of conception within 1 year of unprotected intercourse. It affects more than 80 million individuals worldwide. It is estimated that 10-15% of couples of reproductive age are challenged by reproductive issues. Assisted reproduction techniques (ART) are responsible for more than 4% of live births. Our aim is to review the research on neurodevelopmental outcomes of newborns born after the implementation of assisted reproduction methods compared to those conceived naturally. We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Crossref and Google Scholar electronic databases for related articles up to June 2022 using the PRISMA guidelines. Our research revealed a large number of long term follow-up studies between 2 and 18 years of age, with comparable developmental outcomes. Many studies compared the effects of different infertility treatments against natural conception. The review of the literature revealed that ART is safe, as the majority of studies showed no effect on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of the offspring. In most cases when such an effect was observed, it could be attributed to confounding factors such as subfertility, multiple pregnancies and gestational age at delivery. Finally, the increase in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders after ART, as described in studies with statistically significant results, is predominantly marginal, and given the low incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in the general population, its clinical significance is debatable.
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Talebi T, Mohsen-Pour N, Hesami M, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. The association between in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment and the risk of congenital heart defects. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7471-7485. [PMID: 34233556 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1949705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assisted reproductive technology (ART), an effective treatment modality for infertility, is associated with a higher prevalence of congenital anomalies such as congenital heart defects (CHDs). The present study aimed to evaluate data linking CHDs in infants to pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS In this study, we conducted a systematic literature search on CHDs in infants following IVF/ICSI in Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases from inception to February 2020. The search strategy used combinations of search keywords that included assisted reproductive technology/ART, in vitro fertilization/IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection/ICSI, birth defect, congenital malformation, and congenital heart defects. RESULTS Fifty-six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected in the current systematic review, which assessed the association between ART and the risk of CHDs. CONCLUSION Children conceived by IVF/ICSI manifested an increased risk of CHDs compared with spontaneously conceived children. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term cardiovascular safety of these techniques, which is important for the counseling of patients before the use of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taravat Talebi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Neda Mohsen-Pour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hesami
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Assisted reproductive technologies and the risk of congenital urogenital tract malformations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:9-20. [PMID: 33223458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the relationship between ART and the risk of urogenital tract malformations, especially hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Thirty-three papers were selected. Meta-analysis showed that ART was correlated with an increased risk of urogenital tract malformation in offspring (odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41-1.85), hypospadias (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.47-2.40) and cryptorchidism (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.54-2.18). Among offspring conceived by ART, multiple pregnancies appeared to result in a higher risk of urogenital tract malformation than singleton pregnancies (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.99-2.04; P = 0.058). No significant difference in the risk of urogenital tract malformation was found between in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection technologies. A sensitivity analysis showed that the above conclusions were relatively consistent. Conclusion: ART is correlated with an increased risk of urogenital tract malformations in offspring, especially hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Among ART offspring, multiple pregnancies may lead to a higher risk of urogenital tract malformations than singleton pregnancies, but more studies are needed for confirmation.
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Long R, Wang M, Yang QY, Hu SQ, Zhu LX, Jin L. Risk of birth defects in children conceived by artificial oocyte activation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:123. [PMID: 33308238 PMCID: PMC7731535 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether artificial oocyte activation (ICSI-AOA) will increase the risk of birth defects remains controversial. Thus, we performed this study to evaluate the risk of birth defects and further compare the incidence of different birth defects types (chromosomal aberrations and non-chromosomal aberrations) in children conceived by ICSI-AOA and conventional intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in an enlarged sample size. METHOD A comprehensive review of the literatures comparing birth defects in children conceived by ICSI-AOA and conventional ICSI by October 2020 was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Libraries, Web of Science, and Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc and Wan Fang. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Five studies were included in the final analysis. Compared with conventional ICSI, ICSI-AOA did not increase the birth defects rate (RR = 1.27, 95%CI 0.70-2.28) of children. Furthermore, in a subgroup analysis, birth defects were classified into two types (chromosomal aberrations and non-chromosomal aberrations) in four studies and no statistical difference were revealed. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates that ICSI-AOA represents no significant difference in the prevalence of major birth defects or types of birth defects (chromosomal aberrations and non-chromosomal aberrations) comparing with conventional ICSI. This conclusion may provide clinicians evidence-based support in patient counseling and instruction of the application and safety concern about ICSI-AOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Long
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Yu Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shi Qiao Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Xia Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Yasemin Sert U, Kansu Celik H, Canpolat FE, Sımsek GK, Engin Ustun Y. Hearing Screening Test Results of Newborns Conceived by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: A Retrospective Study of Tertiary Referral Center. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:288-296. [PMID: 31441346 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1651804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), especially intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), is associated with birth defects. However, there are few reports on hearing screening tests of these babies. We aimed to determine the association between ART and hearing loss in newborns.Materials and methods: This retrospective study examined 246 ICSI newborns between 2013 and 2015. All the patients conceived by ICSI. We examined the hearing screening results of the babies.Results: A total of 25 newborns did not pass the first screening test, including 17 by transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and 8 by auditory brainstem response (ABR). Ten babies did not pass the advanced examination. Total hearing loss affected 4% of ART babies.Conclusion: Hearing screening tests exposed deficient results in 4% of ICSI babies, which is ten times more frequent than spontaneously conceived newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Yasemin Sert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Kadin Sagligi EAH, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kansu Celik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Kadin Sagligi EAH, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fuat Emre Canpolat
- Department of Neonotolgy, Zekai Tahir Burak Kadin Sagligi EAH, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Yaprak Engin Ustun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Kadin Sagligi EAH, Ankara, Turkey
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The risk of psychiatric disorders among Finnish ART and spontaneously conceived children: Finnish population-based register study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1155-1164. [PMID: 31686240 PMCID: PMC7369258 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Evidence regarding the psychiatric morbidity of children born after Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) is inconsistent and limited. While normal mental well-being for ART children is usually reported, concerns are still being raised. Previous studies examine only some psychiatric disorders, but not all of them, ignore the impact of multiplicity, and limit the follow-up time to childhood. We examined all psychiatric diagnoses for singletons until their young adulthood. The aim was to study whether the risk of psychiatric disorders differs between ART and spontaneously conceived (SC) singletons until young adulthood. This retrospective Finnish population-based register study includes all ART and SC live-born children born in Finland during 1990-2013 and their hospital care in 1990-2014 (n = 1,425,975 of which 1,385,956, 97.2% were singletons). After excluding multiples, the final population included 17,610 ART and 1,368,346 SC singletons in 1990-2013 from the Finnish Medical Birth Registry. These data were linked to the Finnish Hospital Discharge Registry with the child's and mother's encrypted IDs. ART singletons had fewer psychiatric diagnoses (ART 10.2%, n = 1796, SC 12.0%, n = 164,408), but they received their diagnoses earlier (mean 8.3 years old, SD 5.0) than SC singletons (mean 10.5 years old, SD 5.7). After adjusting for confounding factors, ART singletons had an increased likelihood of getting a psychiatric diagnosis until young adulthood and the results were similar for boys (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.24) and girls (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.16-1.35). We conclude that ART children receive their psychiatric diagnoses earlier than SC children, in particular during childhood and early adolescence. After adjusting for confounding factors ART children a slightly increased likelihood of any psychiatric diagnosis compared to SC controls.
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Associations between embryo grading and congenital malformations in IVF/ICSI pregnancies. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:981-989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jwa SC, Jwa J, Kuwahara A, Irahara M, Ishihara O, Saito H. Male subfertility and the risk of major birth defects in children born after in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:192. [PMID: 31159759 PMCID: PMC6547560 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are at increased risk of specific major birth defects compared with children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, whether this risk is due to the treatment itself (i.e., IVF or ICSI) or underlying male subfertility is unknown. This study investigated the associations between male subfertility and the risk of major birth defects in children born after IVF and ICSI. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Japanese assisted reproductive technology registry between 2007 and 2014. Fresh embryo transfer cycles registered from 2007 to 2014 that resulted in singleton live births, still births, or selective terminations were included (n = 59,971). Major birth defects were defined by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, excluding chromosomal abnormalities. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using generalized estimating equations adjusting for potential confounders. Results Major birth defects were reported in 626/59,971 (1.04%) cases. Among IVF cycles, male subfertility was associated with significantly greater risks of hypospadias (3/3163 [0.09%] vs 4/28,671 [0.01%], adjusted OR = 6.85, 95% CI 2.05–22.9, P = 0.002) and atrial septal defects (4/3163 [0.13%] vs 9/28,671 [0.03%], adjusted OR = 3.98, 95% CI 1.12–14.1, P = 0.03) compared with fertile men. Subgroup analysis using sperm parameters showed that oligozoospermia (i.e., sperm concentrations < 15 million/mL) was significantly associated with a greater risk of ventricular septal defects compared with normal sperm concentrations in IVF pregnancies (5/868 [0.58%] vs 60/28,090 [0.21%], adjusted OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.15–6.27, P = 0.02), and severe oligozoospermia (i.e., sperm concentrations < 5 million/mL) was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypospadias compared with normal sperm concentrations in ICSI pregnancies (5/3136 [0.16%] vs 5/16,865 [0.03%], adjusted OR = 3.88, 95% CI 1.14–13.2, P = 0.03). Conclusions The results of this exploratory study suggest that underlying male subfertility may play a role in the risk of major birth defects related to ICSI and IVF. Further research, including systematic reviews adjusting for confounders, is required to confirm the associations between male subfertility and major cardiac and urogenital birth defects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-019-2322-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chik Jwa
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
| | - Junna Jwa
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima, 3-18-5, Kuramoto-chou, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima, 3-18-5, Kuramoto-chou, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Saito
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
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Impact of male factor infertility on offspring health and development. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:1047-1053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Catford SR, McLachlan RI, O'Bryan MK, Halliday JL. Long-term follow-up of ICSI-conceived offspring compared with spontaneously conceived offspring: a systematic review of health outcomes beyond the neonatal period. Andrology 2018; 6:635-653. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Catford
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
- Public Health Genetics; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - R. I. McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - M. K. O'Bryan
- The School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - J. L. Halliday
- Public Health Genetics; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
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Giorgione V, Parazzini F, Fesslova V, Cipriani S, Candiani M, Inversetti A, Sigismondi C, Tiberio F, Cavoretto P. Congenital heart defects in IVF/ICSI pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 51:33-42. [PMID: 29164811 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no consensus in current practice guidelines on whether conception by in-vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) techniques is an indication for performing a fetal echocardiogram. The aim of the study was to assess whether congenital heart defects (CHD) occur more often in pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI as compared with those conceived spontaneously. METHODS A systematic search for studies was conducted of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus from inception to September 2017. The search included the following medical subject heading (MeSH) terms alone or in different combinations: 'IVF', 'IVF/ICSI', 'ART pregnancy', 'assisted conception', 'birth defect', 'congenital heart defects' and 'congenital malformation or abnormalities'. Studies comparing neonatal incidence of CHD in pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI and those conceived spontaneously were included. Studies reporting on other types of assisted reproductive technology (ART) or lacking information concerning termination of pregnancy were excluded. Chromosomal abnormalities were excluded in all analyzed studies. A meta-analysis of selected cohort studies was conducted to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated with the I2 statistic and Q-test. RESULTS Forty-one studies were identified for review including six case-control and 35 cohort studies. Data of eight selected cohort studies were used for meta-analysis. A total of 25 856 children conceived from IVF/ICSI techniques and 287 995 children conceived spontaneously, involving both singleton and multiple gestations, were included in the analysis. Total CHD events were 337/25 856 (1.30%) and 1952/287 995 (0.68%) in the IVF/ICSI and spontaneous conception groups, respectively. The risk of CHD was significantly increased in the IVF/ICSI group as compared with the spontaneous conception group (pooled OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.20-1.76; P = 0.0001; I2 = 44%; P = 0.08). In the subgroup of singleton IVF pregnancies, a significant difference was also obtained (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.21-1.99; P = 0.0005; I2 = 36%; P = 0.18) and also multiple confounding factors adjusted ORs showed statistical significance (pooled OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60; P = 0.02; I2 = 0%; P = 0.43). CONCLUSION Fetuses conceived with IVF/ICSI methods are at an increased risk of developing CHD compared with those conceived spontaneously. However, this finding deserves further investigation due to heterogeneity of both ART procedures and cardiac defects. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giorgione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - F Parazzini
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile Clinica Ostetrico Ginecologica, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Fesslova
- Center of Fetal Cardiology, Policlinico San Donato IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - S Cipriani
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile Clinica Ostetrico Ginecologica, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Candiani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - A Inversetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - C Sigismondi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - F Tiberio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - P Cavoretto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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Lacamara C, Ortega C, Villa S, Pommer R, Schwarze JE. Are children born from singleton pregnancies conceived by ICSI at increased risk for congenital malformations when compared to children conceived naturally? A systematic review and meta-analysis. JBRA Assist Reprod 2017; 21:251-259. [PMID: 28837036 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20170047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1992, the development of intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has allowed infertile couples and couples affected by severe male factor infertility in particular, many of which with a history of failed traditional IVF, to become parents. This has generated considerable controversy over the safety of the procedure for the offspring. This systematic review seeks to determine whether evidence indicates that the use of ICSI increases the risk of congenital malformation in children born from singleton pregnancies versus naturally conceived children. Twenty-one of the 104 publications listed in the literature search were included in the analysis. Observational studies reported mostly an increased risk for congenital malformation; the risk of congenital malformations is 7.1% in ICSI and 4.0% in the general population (OR 1.99 (95% CI [1.87 - 2.11]). However, attributing higher risk solely to ICSI might seem far-fetched, as in vitro and simulation procedures, patient diseases, and ICSI indication may also be associated with higher risk of malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Ortega
- Reproductive Medicine Unit at Clinica Monteblanco, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia Villa
- Reproductive Medicine Unit at Clinica Monteblanco, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pommer
- Reproductive Medicine Unit at Clinica Monteblanco, Santiago, Chile
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Reduced Intellectual Ability in Offspring of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Cohort Study. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:263-267. [PMID: 28532740 PMCID: PMC5478241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a complication of ovarian stimulation, has various adverse effects on both pregnant women and their offspring. However, whether OHSS will affect intellectual ability in offspring is still unknown. Methods We recruited 86 Chinese children born to OHSS women and 172 children conceived with non-OHSS In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in this cohort study. Their intellectual ability was assessed according to the Revised Chinese Version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC). Verbal Intelligence Quotient (VIQ), Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ), and Full Intelligence Quotient (FIQ) were calculated. The investigation was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-SOC-16009555). Findings OHSS offspring scored less on C-WISC (mean (standard deviation [SD]): (VIQ = 92.7 (14.7), PIQ = 108.9 (13.1), FIQ = 100.6 (13.4)) compared with non-OHSS IVF offspring (VIQ = 100.1 (13.2), PIQ = 113.7 (10.8), FIQ = 107.4 (11.5)). The prevalence of low IQ (< 80) children was 4.7 times higher in OHSS offspring compared with non-OHSS offspring. Maternal estradiol level on hCG administration day was negatively associated with FIQ in offspring. Interpretation OHSS offspring displayed reduced intellectual ability. Prenatal estradiol exposure might be involved in underlying mechanism. Young children born to OHSS women displayed the lower IQ than non-OHSS IVF children. Maternal serum estradiol level on hCG administration day was negatively correlated with IQ of offspring. The prevalence of low IQ(<80) children was 4.7 times higher in OHSS offspring.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a complication of assisted reproductive technologies. We discovered that children of OHSS mothers displayed reduced intelligence quotient (IQ). This reduction might be associated with higher estradiol level during early pregnancy. Clinician should use ovarian stimulation therapy wisely to avoid OHSS.
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Levi Setti PE, Moioli M, Smeraldi A, Cesaratto E, Menduni F, Livio S, Morenghi E, Patrizio P. Obstetric outcome and incidence of congenital anomalies in 2351 IVF/ICSI babies. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:711-7. [PMID: 27116010 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive follow-up of fetal and perinatal outcome and the incidence of congenital anomalies in babies born after fresh embryo transfers compared to those conceived spontaneously in infertile couples. METHODS Retrospective comparative analysis of all clinical pregnancies from fresh cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles (IVF and ICSI) compared with infertile patients who conceived spontaneously in the same time period (control). Congenital anomalies were classified following the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) classification. RESULTS A total of 2414 assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies were compared to 582 spontaneous conceptions in the control infertile group representing 2306 deliveries. No significant differences were found in pregnancy outcome between the two groups (delivery rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancies, medical abortions for fetal anomalies, single and twins mean gestational age, and weight at delivery). A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found in the twin (21.3 vs 2.3 %) and triplet rates (2.3 vs 0 %). A total of 2351 babies were delivered in the ART group and 449 in the control group. A total of 90 babies (3.8 %) were diagnosed with a major congenital anomaly in the ART group and 15 (3.3 %) in the control group (p = ns). The overall rate of major congenital anomalies (105/2800) in ART and spontaneous pregnancies in infertile couples was significantly higher when compared to the EUROCAT 2.0 versus 3.75 % (p = 0.0002). DISCUSSION Babies born after ART treatments and from spontaneous conception in infertile couples had rates of congenital anomalies higher than those recorded by the EUROCAT. However, the rates of anomalies were not different within the infertile population whether conceived by ART or spontaneously. These data suggest that the diagnosis of infertility in itself is the common denominator for the increase in the rates of anomalies seen in both ART and spontaneous conceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Emanuele Levi Setti
- Humanitas Fertility Center, Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20084, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Melita Moioli
- Humanitas Fertility Center, Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20084, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeraldi
- Humanitas Fertility Center, Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20084, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Cesaratto
- Humanitas Fertility Center, Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20084, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Menduni
- Humanitas Fertility Center, Department of Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20084, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Livio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Biostatistics Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Patrizio
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Friedlander E, Mankuta D, Yaari M, Harel A, Ebstein R, Yirmiya N. Cognitive and social-communication abilities among young children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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[Psychosocial factors in reproductive medicine]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2015; 61:309-26. [PMID: 26646911 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2015.61.4.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the development of assisted reproduction technology in the 1970s, assisted reproduction has become increasingly used by couples for various reasons. Concurrently, the diagnostic possibilities regarding the health of the unborn child have been elaborated. METHODS/RESULTS The present literature review describes and discusses the possibilities of assisted reproduction (in-vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI, cryopreservation, conception of children with the help of a third person) with respect to their psychosocial meaning for those affected and for the children conceived in this manner. The psychological strain pairs experience in the context of prenatal diagnostics and the resulting decisions are illustrated by a case study. CONCLUSIONS The continued progression in the possibilities and resulting conflicts and decision- making processes in reproductive medicine confronts clinicians and psychosomatic/psychotherapeutic practitioners with many new challenges. In conclusion clinical recommendations for the psychosocial counseling of couples are given.
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Hyrapetian M, Loucaides EM, Sutcliffe AG. Health and disease in children born after assistive reproductive therapies (ART. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 106:21-6. [PMID: 25438931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) and other assisted reproductive therapies (ART) offer hope to subfertile couples worldwide. At least 5 million ART children have been born to date. Their health is an issue that is increasingly relevant: first, to those children and young adults themselves; second, to couples considering fertility treatment; and third, to the general population as ART has progressed from experimental treatment to routine practice. Many concerns about the potential risks to these children have been voiced with varying degrees of supportive evidence. This article summarises some key long-term data. Current evidence suggests that ART does increase risk of: higher order pregnancy (with its inherent pre- and perinatal risks); prematurity and low birth weight; congenital malformations in particular of the male urogenital system; imprinting disorders. Reassuringly, evidence points away from an increased overall cancer risk or differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes. Many unknowns remain, including future fertility and cardiovascular risks and risk of cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyum Hyrapetian
- The Whittington Hospital, Whittington NHS Trust, Magdala Avenue, N19 5NF London, United Kingdom
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Zhan QT, Pan PP, Xu XR, Lou HY, Lou YY, Jin F. An overview of studies on psychological well-being in children born following assisted reproductive technologies. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 14:947-60. [PMID: 24190441 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the past 35 years, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been increasingly used worldwide, while debates on their safety have been generated. Birth defects and imprinting disorders were reported in previous research. Thus, the psychological development of children born following ARTs has become a major concern nowadays. This review gives a systematic view of psychological well-being of children conceived by different types of ART, including in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening, and in vitro maturation. The previous studies are analyzed in three sections: (1) cognitive, motor, and language developments, (2) behavior problems and socio-emotional development, and (3) parent-child relationship. We conclude that although the majority of the studies on cognitive, motor, and language developments reported comparable achievements in the ART group vs. the naturally conceived group, lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, worse visual-motor ability or locomotor development, and delayed receptive language competence were found in the ART group. The results on the socio-emotional development were reassuring. As for the behavior problems, a higher prevalence of behavior problems existed in ART children; moreover, ICSI children were found to be at a higher risk of autism than the general population. Meanwhile, ART parents tended to have positive parental attitudes and be more protective of their children. Some suggestions for further research are also given in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-tao Zhan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Abdel-Mannan O, Sutcliffe A. I was born following ART: how will I get on at school? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 19:245-9. [PMID: 24935910 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With an ever-expanding population of children born after in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), the widespread use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) has placed a great emphasis on the need to study their long-term outcomes. Indeed, there has been concern that mechanisms used in ART may have a detrimental effect on the neurocognitive development of these children. Reassuringly, most neurocognitive and motor development studies using various assessment scales have generally found no differences between intracytoplasmic sperm injection, IVF and naturally conceived children. Only a few studies have reported concerns. In terms of predictors of intelligence in children, ART appears to have a minimal effect in comparison to birth weight, gestational age, socio-economic status, and parental educational levels. Nevertheless, further research of higher methodological quality in children beyond pre-school age and on newer ART procedures is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Mannan
- General and Adolescent Paediatric Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | - Alastair Sutcliffe
- General and Adolescent Paediatric Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Winter C, Van Acker F, Bonduelle M, Desmyttere S, De Schrijver F, Nekkebroeck J. Cognitive and psychomotor development of 5- to 6-year-old singletons born after PGD: a prospective case-controlled matched study. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1968-77. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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No increase in autism-associated genetic events in children conceived by assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:388-93. [PMID: 24842673 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the rate of genetic events in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who were exposed to assisted reproduction. DESIGN Case control study using genetics data. SETTING Twelve collaborating data collection sites across North America as part of the Simons Simplex Collection. PATIENT(S) 2,760 children with ASD, for whom 1,994 had published copy number variation data and 424 had published gene mutation status available. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rates of autism-associated genetic events in children with ASD conceived with assisted reproduction versus those conceived naturally. RESULT(S) No statistically significant differences in copy number variations or autism-associated gene-disrupting events were found when comparing ASD patients exposed to assisted reproduction with those not exposed to assisted reproduction. CONCLUSION(S) This is the first large genetic association to concurrently examine the genotype of individuals with ASD in relation to their exposure to ART versus natural conception, and it adds reassuring evidence to the argument that ART does not increase the risk of ASD.
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Whitelaw N, Bhattacharya S, Hoad G, Horgan GW, Hamilton M, Haggarty P. Epigenetic status in the offspring of spontaneous and assisted conception. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1452-8. [PMID: 24812310 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is DNA methylation in buccal cell DNA from children born following IVF (in vitro fertilization) and ICSI (intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection) different from that of spontaneously conceived children? SUMMARY ANSWER DNA methylation in the imprinted gene, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN), was higher in children conceived by ICSI and in those born to women with the longest duration of infertility regardless of the method of conception. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Fertility treatment is associated with a small but significant increase in the risk of a range of adverse obstetric outcomes, birth defects and longer term sequelae, but the biological basis for this is unknown. A growing evidence base suggests that epigenetics may play a role in subfertility and the link between fertility and health. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In this retrospective cohort study of children born between 2002 and 2008, we measured DNA methylation in paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2), SNRPN, long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1) and the insulin gene (INS) in buccal cell DNA from children born following IVF (n = 49) and ICSI (n = 20) and compared them with a matched spontaneous conception group (n = 86). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants were identified from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank and IVF and ICSI pregnancies were matched to spontaneous conception pregnancies on year of birth and maternal age at delivery. Only singleton pregnancies following fresh embryo transfer were included. DNA methylation was determined by pyrosequencing. Regression with adjustment for covariates was used to determine the effect of infertility on offspring DNA methylation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE SNRPN methylation in the offspring was linked to fertility treatment in the parents. This effect was specific to children conceived using ICSI and was apparent in the comparison of ICSI versus spontaneous conception (1.03%; 95% CI 0.10, 1.97; P = 0.031), ICSI versus standard IVF (1.13%; 95% CI 0.04, 2.23; P = 0.043) and ICSI versus standard IVF and spontaneous conception (1.05; 95% CI 0.15, 1.94; P = 0.023). In all comparisons, the use of ICSI was associated with a higher level of SNRPN methylation in the offspring. A higher level of SNRPN methylation in the offspring was also associated with a longer duration of infertility in the parents. This was observed in all cases of infertility (0.18% per year of infertility; 95% CI 0.02, 0.33; P = 0.026) and after excluding ICSI cases (0.21% per year of infertility; 95% CI 0.04, 0.37; P = 0.017). There was a significant increase in the level of LINE1 methylation with age between birth and 7 years (0.77% per year; 95% CI 0.49, 1.05; P < 0.001). Methylation in the INS gene decreased significantly over the same period (-0.46% per year; 95% CI -0.89, -0.03; P = 0.035). There was no evidence from this cross-sectional data that methylation within the imprinted genes changed over the first 7 years of life. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The ICSI sample size was limited but the groups were carefully selected and well matched and the SNRPN findings were consistent across different outcomes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this study provide support for a role for epigenetics, and imprinting in particular, in fertility. The specific changes point to possible long-term consequences of fertility treatment for the health and fertility of future generations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The authors report no conflict of interest in relation to this work. Funding was provided by the University of Aberdeen and the Scottish Government. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Cassuto NG, Hazout A, Bouret D, Balet R, Larue L, Benifla JL, Viot G. Low birth defects by deselecting abnormal spermatozoa before ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fauser BCJM, Devroey P, Diedrich K, Balaban B, Bonduelle M, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Estella C, Ezcurra D, Geraedts JPM, Howles CM, Lerner-Geva L, Serna J, Wells D. Health outcomes of children born after IVF/ICSI: a review of current expert opinion and literature. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 28:162-82. [PMID: 24365026 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Sixth Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Group Meeting was held to evaluate the impact of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the health of assisted-conception children. Epidemiologists, reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists and geneticists presented data from published literature and ongoing research on the incidence of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities and congenital malformations in assisted-conception versus naturally conceived children to reach a consensus on the reasons for potential differences in outcomes between these two groups. IVF-conceived children have lower birthweights and higher peripheral fat, blood pressure and fasting glucose concentrations than controls. Growth, development and cognitive function in assisted-conception children are similar to controls. The absolute risk of imprinting disorders after assisted reproduction is less than 1%. A direct link between assisted reproduction and health-related outcomes in assisted-conception children could not be established. Women undergoing assisted reproduction are often older, increasing the chances of obtaining abnormal gametes that may cause deviations in outcomes between assisted-conception and naturally conceived children. However, after taking into account these factors, it is not clear to what extent poorer outcomes are due to the assisted reproduction procedures themselves. Large-scale, multicentre, prospective epidemiological studies are needed to investigate this further and to confirm long-term health consequences in assisted-conception children. Assisted reproduction treatment is a general term used to describe methods of achieving pregnancy by artificial means and includes IVF and sperm implantation. The effect of assisted reproduction treatment on the health of children born using these artificial methods is not fully understood. In April 2011, fertility research experts met to give presentations based on research in this area and to look carefully at the evidence for the effects of assisted reproduction treatment on children's health. The purpose of this review was to reach an agreement on whether there are differences in the health of assisted-conception children with naturally conceived children. The researchers discovered no increased risk in birth defects in assisted-conception children compared with naturally conceived children. They found that IVF-conceived children have lower birth weights and higher fat under the skin, higher blood pressure and higher fasting glucose concentrations than naturally conceived children; however, growth, development and cognitive function are similar between groups. A very low risk of disorders of genetic control was observed in assisted-conception children. Overall, there did not appear to be a direct link between assisted reproduction treatment and children's health. The researchers concluded that the cause of some differences in the health of children conceived using assisted reproduction treatment may be due to the age of the woman receiving treatment. Large-scale, research studies are needed to study the long-term health of children conceived using assisted reproduction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C J M Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - P Devroey
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Diedrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - B Balaban
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Guzelbahce Sokak No 20, Nisantasi, Istanbul 34365, Turkey
| | - M Bonduelle
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - C Estella
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Valencia University, and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Parc Científic Universitat de València C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino n(o) 9, Edificio 3, 46980 Paterna, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Ezcurra
- Global Development and Medical Unit, Merck Serono SA Geneva, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P M Geraedts
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C M Howles
- Global Development and Medical Unit, Merck Serono SA Geneva, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Lerner-Geva
- Woman and Child Health Research Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - J Serna
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Zaragoza, C/María Zambrano, 31, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Wells
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Bay B, Mortensen EL, Kesmodel US. Assisted reproduction and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:844-53. [PMID: 23810272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born after medically assisted reproduction compared with those of children born after spontaneous conception. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Children born after medically assisted reproduction vs. reference groups of spontaneously conceived children. INTERVENTION(S) Data were reviewed from worldwide published articles, without restrictions as to publication year or language. A total of 80 studies included between 31 and 2,446,044 children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Child neurodevelopmental outcomes categorized as cognitive, behavioral, emotional or psychomotor development, or diagnoses of mental disorders. RESULT(S) For infants, studies on psychomotor development showed no deficits, but few investigated cognitive or behavioral development. Studies on toddlers generally reported normal cognitive, behavioral, socio-emotional, and psychomotor development. For children in middle childhood, development seems comparable in children born after assisted reproduction and controls, although fewer studies have been conducted with follow-up to this age. Very few studies have assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes among teens, and the results are inconclusive. Studies investigating the risk of diagnoses of mental disorders are generally large, with long follow-up, but the results are inconsistent. CONCLUSION(S) It may tentatively be concluded that the neurodevelopment of children born after fertility treatment is overall comparable to that in children born after spontaneous conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Bay
- Section of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Bang JK, Lyu SW, Choi J, Lee DR, Yoon TK, Song SH. Does infertility treatment increase male reproductive tract disorder? Urology 2013; 81:644-8. [PMID: 23452810 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between assisted human reproduction and male reproductive disorders in infants conceived by this means. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2008 and December 2011, 15,332 neonates were born in our hospital. We assessed the birth weight, gestational age, and other characteristics of the 7752 male infants and determined the association between methods of conception and male reproductive disorders in the infants. We also analyzed the influence of male factor on the occurrence of these disorders. RESULTS Ninety-nine newborns (1.3%) were diagnosed with cryptorchidism, 8 (0.1%) were diagnosed with hypospadias, and 4 (0.05%) were diagnosed with both. Cryptorchidism was more common in children conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) and IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI; P <.05), and hypospadias was more common in children conceived through IVF/ICSI (P <.05). Children conceived through intrauterine insemination (IUI), IVF, and IVF/ICSI had higher rates of low birth weight and preterm birth. Logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight and preterm birth were significantly associated with male reproductive disorders, whereas the method of conception was not. Male factor was not significantly associated with these disorders. CONCLUSION IVF and IVF/ICSI increase the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth, resulting in increased rates of hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Male factor was not associated with reproductive disorders in male infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyoon Bang
- Department of Urology, Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Assisted reproductive technologies and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:311-7. [PMID: 23375145 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Initial reports suggested that children conceived with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may be at increased risk for a spectrum of developmental disabilities. Evolving evidence suggests that some of the early risks may have been overstated when not taking plurality of birth or gestational age at delivery into consideration, as both are independent risk factors for neurodevelopmental disabilities arising from alterations in structure and function or limitations in activities. Continued research is needed to overcome lingering data gaps in light of the equivocal literature for many neurodevelopmental disabilities relative to ART, increasing utilization of services, and changes in the clinical management of infecund couples such as the adoption of natural cycles or in vitro maturation treatment options. Population-based cohorts with longitudinal assessment of the multifaceted nature of neurodevelopment across critical and sensitive windows is paramount for the development of empirically based guidance for clinical and population health.
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Hart R, Norman RJ. The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment: Part I--General health outcomes. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:232-43. [PMID: 23449642 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several million children have been born from in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, but limited data exist regarding their health and development beyond the first year of life. It has been alleged that IVF may lead to long-term adverse consequences, in addition to the documented worse perinatal outcome and increased risk of congenital abnormalities in children born resulting from IVF treatment. METHODS A search strategy restricted to studies relating to the medical condition of children of at least 1 year of age born as a result of IVF treatment was performed to include case series, data linkage and prospective studies published 1 January 2000-1 April 2012. RESULTS Limited long-term follow-up data suggest that there is potentially an increase in the incidence of raised blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, increase in total body fat composition, advancement of bone age and potentially subclinical thyroid disorder in the IVF offspring. Whether these potential associations are related to the IVF treatment per se, the adverse obstetric outcomes associated with IVF treatment or are related to the genetic origin of the children is yet to be determined. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence to suggest that the short-term health outcome for children born from IVF treatment is positive. However, it is expected that the cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors found in childhood and tracking into adulthood could be worse in later life, and may be responsible for chronic cardiometabolic disease. These observations need to be addressed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Hart
- School of Women's and Infant's Health, University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA 6008, Australia.
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Hansen M, Kurinczuk JJ, Milne E, de Klerk N, Bower C. Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:330-53. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fallah R, Jalalian MT, Golestan M, Dehghani-Firouzabadi R. Comparison of Growth Parameters of 5-year-old Singleton Children Born in Assisted Versus Natural Conception. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2013. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v42n2p80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: At present, about 1% of newborns are delivered through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the growth parameters of children born in assisted and natural conception at 5 years of age. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional case control study, weight, height and head circumference of 5-year old children were assessed. The case group consisted of term, singleton babies who were products of ART in the Center for Infertility of Shahid Sadoughi University, Yazd, Iran in 2005. The control group consisted of term, first child, singleton and spontaneously conceived 5-year-old children who were referred for vaccination to primary health care center of Shahid Akbari in 2010. Results: Fifty-eight girls (47.5%) and 64 boys (52.5%) “with equal numbers in each of the 2 groups” were evaluated. Sex distribution, mean ages of fathers and mothers were not statistically significant different in both groups. Children born after ART tend to have lower birth weight, smaller birth head circumference and lower weight at 5 years of age. Having low birth weight (<2500 g), being underweight and having short stature at the age of 5 were more common in babies born through ART. Conclusion: Growth retardation is more prevalent in babies born through ART. Thus, growth assessment, parents’ knowledge about child physical development, and timely and accurate follow-up of these children are necessary for early detection of any growth disorders.
Key words: ART, Growth, Height, Natural Conception, Weight
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Fallah
- Growth Disorders of Children Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Motahhareh Golestan
- Growth Disorders of Children Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) so that now, in developed countries, 1.7% to 4.0% of all children are born after ART. Although absolute risks appear small, data from prospective and retrospective studies indicate increased risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes after ART as compared with spontaneous conception. Recent studies suggest that underlying maternal factors and subfertility play an important role in some of these outcomes rather than the ART procedure itself. A significant risk of assisted conception is multiple pregnancies, but even singleton pregnancies achieved by ART are at a higher risk of hypertensive disease, diabetes, prematurity, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality even after adjusting for confounders. Couples undergoing ART procedures should be counseled in advance regarding increased risks of pregnancy complications and higher rates of obstetric interventions. Although conflicting data exist, studies of children born from ART suggest increased rates of congenital malformations, imprinting disorders (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Angelman syndrome), and marginally increased risk of cancer. However, the current evidence is inadequate, and prospective long-term studies are needed to eliminate the effect of confounders and draw definite conclusions about the long-term outcomes after ART. The absolute risk of imprinting disorders remains small, and routine screening is not recommended at present. The long-term outcomes after ART are difficult to evaluate because of the variability in ART methods and data reporting, and there is a need for standardized methodology for follow-up after ART.
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Maheshwari A. Reply: Missing studies: obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Hum Reprod Update 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Joy J, McClure N, Hepper PG, Cooke I. Fetal habituation in assisted conception. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88:431-6. [PMID: 22100057 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopment outcomes of children conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)have been the subject of much recent attention. To date there are no reports of neurodevelopmental performance before birth in this group. AIMS To compare habituation (a measure of brain function) in fetuses conceived by assisted reproduction techniques (ART) with naturally conceived (NC) fetuses. STUDY DESIGN Case control study. SUBJECTS Women with singleton pregnancies matched for maternal age, parity and smoking were recruited in 2 groups: ART (n=20) and NC (n=20). OUTCOME MEASURES Sound stimuli (250 Hz, 110 dB) at 10 second intervals lasting 2 s were administered to the fetus. The end point was habituation (cessation of movement for five consecutive stimuli) or a maximum of 30 stimuli. Responses of the fetus were observed with ultrasound at 28, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation, video-recorded and anonymised for analysis. RESULTS At 28 weeks' gestation significantly more ART fetuses responded to sound of 250 Hz, 110 dB (p=0.02) but this difference did not persist at 32 and 36 weeks'. There was a significant increase in nonresponders as gestation advanced in the ART group. There was no difference in habituation or mean number of trials to habituate at all three gestations. CONCLUSIONS ART fetuses demonstrated no differences in habituation suggesting that there is no neurodevelopment delay. However, a decrease in response to sound as gestation advances might be a harbinger for poor perinatal outcomes and needs exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolly Joy
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mulhouse Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
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35
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Halliday J. Outcomes for offspring of men having ICSI for male factor infertility. Asian J Androl 2011; 14:116-20. [PMID: 22157986 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using single sperm isolated from testicular tissue in men with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, or using ejaculated sperm in those with poor semen quality, there have been concerns that this might have adverse effects on the offspring compared to conventional in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and natural conceptions. ICSI is done for reasons other than male factor infertility, and on the whole has not been shown to have any more negative effects than those seen with IVF. There have however, been very few studies of ICSI with a focus on, or large enough numbers to examine, the specific outcomes associated with male factor infertility. From the limited information available in relation to the source of the sperm and aetiology of infertility in the presence of ICSI, there appears to be no increased risk of congenital malformations. There is, however, a small increase in both de novo and inherited chromosome abnormalities. In terms of growth and neurodevelopment, there are very few studies, and so far, no adverse outcomes have been found in young children whose fathers have a sperm defect. The origin of the sperm used in ICSI does not have a major influence on the early life outcomes for the offspring, but transgenerational and epigenetic effects remain unknown. When the male factor infertility is known or thought to be due to a Y-chromosome deletion, this information should be given to the young male offspring at a time that will ensure his own reproductive health and plans are optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Halliday
- Public Health Genetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
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36
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Rimm AA, Katayama AC, Katayama KP. A meta-analysis of the impact of IVF and ICSI on major malformations after adjusting for the effect of subfertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:699-705. [PMID: 21625967 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on major malformation (MM) rate in ART offspring independent of the effect of subfertility on MM. DESIGN Meta-analysis. METHODS This meta-analysis is based on our previously published meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the relationship between ART treatment and MM rates, as well as recent research by Zhu et al. to estimate the impact of subfertility alone on MM in subfertile couples conceiving spontaneously. RESULTS The overall odds ratio for MM in our original meta-analysis, in which all studies used apparently inappropriate control groups of "normal" populations, was 1.29 (95% CI 1.01-1.67). Here we attempted to estimate the risk of subfertility and used this estimate to perform an adjusted meta-analysis. Zhu et al. found that about 40% of the odds of MM was due to subfertility. When we took Zhu's finding into account, the adjusted odds ratio in the meta-analysis was 1.01 (95% CI 0.82-1.23). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests ART does not increase the risk of MM as much as previously reported. More research is needed to quantify the underlying risk of subfertility and separate it from the risk associated with ART. Physicians who counsel subfertile couples should recognize that previous studies of MM rates in ART patients probably overestimated the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred A Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4945, USA.
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37
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Sutcliffe AG, Soo A, Barnes J. Predictive value of developmental testing in the second year for cognitive development at five years of age. Pediatr Rep 2010; 2:e15. [PMID: 21589828 PMCID: PMC3093999 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2010.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mixed evidence about the predictive validity of the Griffiths mental developmental scales. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of developmental assessments of children in their second year using the Griffiths mental development scales for neuro-developmental status at five years using the Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence, revised (WPPSI-R). In a longitudinal study 253 children were assessed in their second year of life using the Griffiths scales and again at five years using the WPPSI-R. The scores were compared and the predictability of the WPPSI-R outcome on the basis of Griffiths scores was assessed. The WPPSI-R full scale IQ and the performance IQ at age five could be predicted moderately by the Griffiths general quotient (GQ) and by the personal/social scale. The Griffiths GQ was not a significant predictor of verbal IQ at age 5. The Griffiths performance scale predicted subsequent WPPSI-R performance IQ, and marginally the Full Scale IQ. For the early identification of children at risk for language delay, the Griffiths scales may not be suitable. However, a shortened form would be useful to predict overall cognitive development from the second year to school entry, focussing on the personal-social and performance scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair G Sutcliffe
- General and Adolescent Paediatrics Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
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38
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Zhu JL, Obel C, Basso O, Olsen J. Parental infertility and developmental coordination disorder in children. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:908-13. [PMID: 20139428 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has previously been reported that children born after infertility treatment had a slight delay in early motor milestones. In this study, we examined whether children of infertile couples with or without infertility treatment had a higher risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHODS We used data on parental infertility and DCD among 23 167 singletons from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002). Data on time to pregnancy (TTP) and infertility treatment were collected early in pregnancy. Data on DCD in children were collected using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, filled in by the mothers during follow-up when the children were 7 years old. We used the recommended cut-off for the age group to classify children. RESULTS Compared with children born of fertile couples, children conceived after a waiting TTP of longer than 12 months had a slightly higher risk of DCD [odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.77], but the estimated OR was not significant in children born after infertility treatment (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.86-1.66). None of the individual treatment procedures was significantly associated with a higher risk of DCD. Children of parents who had not planned their pregnancy showed no elevated risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are overall reassuring, although it is possible that low fecundity may be associated with a modestly increased risk of DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liang Zhu
- The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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39
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Hashem MS, Mahmoud NA, Aboulghar HM, Omar AM, El Shamaa MF, Moustafa RS. Karyotyping and neurodevelopmental follow-up of intracytoplasmic sperm injection children up to 4years of age. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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40
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Sutcliffe A, Manning J, Katalanic A, Ludwig A, Mehta M, Lim J, Basatemur E, Ludwig M. Perturbations in finger length and digit ratio (2D:4D) in ICSI children. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 20:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ludwig AK, Hansen A, Katalinic A, Sutcliffe AG, Diedrich K, Ludwig M, Thyen U. Assessment of vision and hearing in children conceived spontaneously and by ICSI: a prospective controlled, single-blinded follow-up study. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 20:391-7. [PMID: 20089453 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term follow-up studies on the health of children born after assisted reproduction technologies are mandatory. Vision and hearing are the most important senses that continue to develop during childhood. There are few reports on vision and hearing in preschool children born after assisted conception. This prospective controlled blinded follow-up study examined 276 term-born singleton intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) children and 273 spontaneously conceived controls at a mean age of 5.5 years and performed detailed vision and hearing test and clinically examined eyes and ears. There was no significant difference between ICSI and control children regarding the occurrence of vision or hearing impairments. Unsurprisingly, children with abnormalities in otoscopy were more likely to have an abnormal hearing test compared with children without abnormalities. Only 8.5% of ICSI parents and 25.4% of control parents whose children showed an abnormal hearing test knew about the hearing problems of their child. In conclusion, there was no difference in the development of hearing and vision in ICSI children and spontaneously conceived controls. But only few parents knew about hearing problems of their child after undergoing routine screening examinations. Parental interviews would therefore not be sufficient in order to assess vision and hearing in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ludwig
- Zentrum für Hormon- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Reproduktionsmedizin und Pränatale Medizin, Endokrinologikum Hamburg, Lornsenstr 4-6, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have become widely used in the treatment of subfertility over the last 30 years. Currently 1.7% of all births in the UK occur after assisted conception. This review summarises work that has been undertaken to investigate health outcomes of these children and summarises areas where uncertainty continues to exist. Much of the adverse health outcomes of children born after ART are related to higher order birth; however evidence suggests adverse perinatal outcomes in singletons as well as twins and triplets. The cause of adverse health outcomes in ART conceived children is as yet unclear and studies investigating causal factors such as underlying subfertility are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Williams
- Institute of Child Health, UCL, General Paediatric & Adolescent Unit, 30 Guilford Road, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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43
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Basatemur E, Shevlin M, Sutcliffe A. Growth of children conceived by IVF and ICSI up to 12years of age. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 20:144-9. [PMID: 20159000 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have given conflicting results regarding growth in children born following assisted reproductive treatments up to the age of 18years. It has been suggested that children conceived via IVF may be taller than naturally conceived children and that this may due to subtle epigenetic alteration of imprinted genes as a result of the IVF process. A prospective match-controlled study was performed to investigate the growth of children born in the UK following standard IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) up to the age of 12years. The study assessed 143 IVF and 166 ICSI children with 173 matched naturally conceived controls. Primary end-points were height and weight at various time points: birth, 5years, 7-9years and 10-12years. In addition, head circumference was assessed at birth. No significant differences were observed regarding head circumference, height and weight between the three groups at any of the time points. In conclusion, this preliminary study provides reassuring information regarding the growth of IVF and ICSI children up to 12years. Further studies must continue to investigate the growth and other outcomes in assisted-conception children as they develop through puberty into early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Basatemur
- Adolescent and General Paediatric Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 250 Euston Road, 6th Floor, London NW1 2PQ, UK
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Porta Ribera R, Molina Morales V, Boada Palà M, Coroleu Lletget V. Evolución perinatal de los niños nacidos por fecundación in vitro. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009; 71:275-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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De Jonge CJ, Barratt CLR. Book review. HUM FERTIL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/1464770312331369003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Ever since its introduction in clinical practice more than 10 years ago, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been the subject of ongoing debate regarding its indications and safety. ICSI is hyped because of its potential to give couples with severe male factor infertility a chance to conceive, and because of its apparently low fertilization failure rate compared with 'classic' in vitro fertilization (IVF). Concerns about ICSI are related to technical, biological and genetic hazards. ICSI has been branded 'the ultimate rape of the oocyte', as the oocyte membrane is mechanically pierced, appearing to bypass all biological and genetic selection. ICSI has been linked in a number of reports to an increased incidence of chromosomal anomalies, congenital abnormalities and perinatal hazards in offspring conceived with this technique. The etiology of the increased risk of chromosomal anomalies in ICSI offspring, especially sex-chromosome anomalies, is thought to be partly multifactorial, partly andrological, related to paternal karyotypic abnormalities and/or abnormal sperm. The majority of studies on ICSI and IVF offspring have, setting aside inconsistencies in methodology and classification, not shown significant differences between the two techniques in terms of congenital abnormalities, however, compared to naturally conceived offspring there does show an increased risk. This risk is attributed mainly to parental factors such as maternal age, poor sperm quality and infertility as an independent risk factor. Perinatal hazards may include low birth weight and perinatal mortality. Behavioural and psychological development is carefully monitored in ICSI and IVF children with no significant differences to the development of naturally conceived children, but many factors are involved including demographics. Follow-up studies are essential to the technique of ICSI. It is our duty to inform patients of the concerns and benefits to this treatment, based on the latest data available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Verpoest
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Dutch-speaking Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
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47
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Pang MG, You YA, Park YJ, Oh SA, Kim DS, Kim YJ. Numerical chromosome abnormalities are associated with sperm tail swelling patterns. Fertil Steril 2009; 94:1012-20. [PMID: 19505688 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the differential sperm tail swelling patterns observed following hypo-osmotic shock are useful in discriminating normal sperm from aneuploid sperm. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University research setting. INTERVENTION(S) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was combined with hypo-osmotic swelling for a simultaneous assessment of aneuploidy and viability in human spermatozoa. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) FISH for chromosomes 1, 13, 18, 21, X, and Y after hypo-osmotic stress was used to investigate the distribution of sperm aneuploidy related to sperm-tail swelling patterns. A total of 16,473 sperm cells were scored from three normal fertile donors and six oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) patients. RESULT(S) There was a 17.2-fold decrease in the frequency of total aneuploidy in the sperm with a tail-tip swelling pattern compared with the initial nonselected sperm in the OAT patients. Strikingly, when the sperm with tail-tip swelling patterns were screened from the patients, the frequency of total aneuploidy was actually lower by a factor of four than in the nonselected sperm from fertile donors. CONCLUSION(S) The sperm cells with tail-tip swelling patterns are related to a low frequency of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea.
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Cabañas F, López-Azorín M, Pellicer A. [Assisted reproduction techniques and the health of the newborn]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009; 70:319-22. [PMID: 19282255 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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49
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Zhu JL, Basso O, Obel C, Hvidtjørn D, Olsen J. Infertility, infertility treatment and psychomotor development: the Danish National Birth Cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2009; 23:98-106. [PMID: 19159396 PMCID: PMC2706001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Babies born of infertile couples, regardless of treatment, have a higher risk of preterm birth and low birthweight, conditions associated with delayed development. We examined developmental milestones in singletons as a function of parental infertility [time to pregnancy (TTP) > 12 months] and infertility treatment. From the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997-2003), we identified 37 897 singletons born of fertile couples (TTP < or = 12 months), 4351 born of infertile couples conceiving naturally (TTP > 12 months), and 3309 born after infertility treatment. When the children were about 18 months old, mothers reported 12 developmental milestones by responding to structured questions. We defined a failure to achieve the assessed milestone or the minimal numbers of milestones in a summary (motor, or cognitive/language skills) as delay. Naturally conceived children born of infertile couples had a pattern of psychomotor development similar to that of children born of fertile couples, but increasing TTP correlated with a modest delay. When the analysis was restricted to infertile couples (treated and untreated), children born after treatment showed a slight delay in cognitive/language development (odds ratio 1.24, [95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.53]) for not meeting at least three out of six cognitive/language milestones); children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) had the highest estimated relative risk of delay for most milestones, especially motor milestones. These results suggest that a long TTP may be associated with a modest developmental delay. Infertility treatment, especially ICSI, may be associated with a slight delay for some of these early milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liang Zhu
- The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Olga Basso
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. MD A3-05, PO Box 12233. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carsten Obel
- The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,Perinatal Epidemiological Research Unit, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, DK 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dorte Hvidtjørn
- NANEA, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Paludan-Müllers Vej 17, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UCLA. Box 951772. Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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Abstract
UNLABELLED This article reviews the risks of childhood malignancies and imprinting disorders in children born after assisted reproductive technology (ART). It is recognized that there is a theoretical potential of developing an excess of malignancies in children born after ART. With the advancement and introduction of newer techniques in ART there is an increase in the micromanipulation of gametes and embryos in vitro and extended exposure to the in vitro environment. These include the use of gonadotropins for superovulation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, blastocyst culture, assisted hatching, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Although these approaches aim to enhance pregnancy rates and its outcome, the risk of associated long-term health hazards cannot be disregarded. More recently there is some evidence suggesting a link between ART and epigenetic alterations leading to DNA modifications and imprinting disorders. Two of these genetic imprinting disorders that are known to cause birth defects and childhood malignancies, Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome and Angelman syndrome have been associated with ART. Systemic reviews of the literature identified published studies, but were unable to identify the precise risks of imprinting disorders and childhood cancers in children conceived with ART. Overall, most studies have not shown any increase in the incidence of childhood cancers after ART. With more women resorting to ART, careful counseling should be offered to all couples especially those requiring intracytoplasmic sperm injection for abnormal sperm parameters. TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this article, the reader should be able to distinguish for patients the lack of irrefutable evidence for an increased risk of childhood malignancies in children conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART), explain potential mechanisms of injury to the gametes and/or embryo during ART which might predispose to childhood illness, and appraise future articles on this topic for credibility both to likelihood of true relationship to possible childhood cancers as well as biologic basis for potential relationship.
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