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Lee WS, Lee KS, Ha EK, Kim JH, Shim SM, Lee SW, Han MY. Effect of parental supervision of infants at age 4 to 6 months on injuries at age 4 to 12 months. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10252. [PMID: 35715479 PMCID: PMC9205875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of parental supervision of infants at age 4 to 6 months on injuries at age 4 to 12 months. Among all Korean children born during 2008-2009, 464,326 (50.6%) infant had parents who responded to a questionnaire that surveyed their safety and supervision when infant were 4 to 6 months-old. Based on questionnaire score, infant were divided into "safe" or "unsafe" group. 1:1 propensity score matching was used to balance the groups, and injury diagnosis and treatments were analyzed. After matching, we examined the records of 405,862 infant. The unsafe group had significantly increased risk ratios (RRs) for injury of head/neck (RR: 1.06), trunk/abdominopelvic region (RR: 1.12), upper extremities (RR: 1.04), and from burn and frostbite (RR: 1.10). The risks of a wound and fracture and foreign body injury were significantly greater in infant whose parents sometimes left them alone (RR: 1.15 and 1.06, respectively), and whose parents did not always keep their eyes on them (RR: 1.04 and 1.13, respectively). Infant whose parents had a hot drink when carrying them had an increased risk of burn injuries (RR: 1.21). Injuries were less common in infant whose parents provided more supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Min Shim
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59, Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
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Sims A, Chounthirath T, Yang J, Hodges NL, Smith GA. Infant Walker-Related Injuries in the United States. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2017-4332. [PMID: 30224365 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of infant walker-related injuries among children <15 months old who were treated in US emergency departments and to evaluate the effect of the 2010 federal mandatory safety standard on these injuries. METHODS National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data from 1990 to 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS An estimated 230 676 children <15 months old were treated for infant walker-related injuries in US emergency departments from 1990 to 2014. Most of the children sustained head or neck injuries (90.6%) and 74.1% were injured by falling down the stairs in an infant walker. Among patients who were admitted to the hospital (4.5%), 37.8% had a skull fracture. From 1990 to 2003, overall infant walker-related injuries and injuries related to falling down the stairs decreased by 84.5% and 91.0%, respectively. The average annual number of injuries decreased by 22.7% (P = .019) during the 4-year period after the implementation of the federal mandatory safety standard compared with the 4-year period before the standard. CONCLUSIONS Infant walker-related injuries decreased after the implementation of the federal mandatory safety standard in 2010. This decrease may, in part, be attributable to the standard as well as other factors, such as decreased infant walker use and fewer older infant walkers in homes. Despite the decline in injuries, infant walkers remain an important and preventable source of injury among young children, which supports the American Academy of Pediatrics' call for a ban on their manufacture and sale in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sims
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Thitphalak Chounthirath
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Nichole L Hodges
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Gary A Smith
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and.,Child Injury Prevention Alliance, Columbus, Ohio
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Khan UR, Chandran A, Zia N, Huang CM, De Ramirez SS, Feroze A, Hyder AA, Razzak JA. Home injury risks to young children in Karachi, Pakistan: a pilot study. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98:881-6. [PMID: 23995075 PMCID: PMC4316730 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-303907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To pilot an in-home unintentional injury hazard assessment tool and to quantify potential injury risks for young children in a low-income urban setting. METHODS Two low-income neighbourhoods in Karachi, Pakistan, were mapped, and families with at least one child between the ages of 12 and 59 months were identified. Using existing available home injury risk information, an in-home injury risk assessment tool was drafted and tailored to the local setting. Home injury assessments were done in June-July 2010 after obtaining informed consent. RESULTS Approximately 75.4% of mothers were educated through at least grade 12. The main risks identified were stoves within the reach of the child (n=279, 55.5%), presence of open buckets in the bathroom (n=240, 47.7%) within the reach of the child, and pedestal fans accessible to the child (n=242, 48.1%). In terms of safety equipment, a first-aid box with any basic item was present in 70% of households, but only 4.8% of households had a fire extinguisher in the kitchen. CONCLUSIONS This was the first time that an in-home, all-unintentional injury risk assessment tool was tailored and applied in the context of a low-income community in Pakistan. There was a significant burden of hazards present in the homes in these communities, representing an important opportunity for injury prevention. This pilot may have future relevance to other LMICs where child injury prevention is a critical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Rahim Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Aruna Chandran
- International Injury Research Unit (IIRU), Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nukhba Zia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan,International Injury Research Unit (IIRU), Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Huang
- International Injury Research Unit (IIRU), Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Stewart De Ramirez
- International Injury Research Unit (IIRU), Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Asher Feroze
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Ali Hyder
- International Injury Research Unit (IIRU), Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Junaid Abdul Razzak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan,Aman Healthcare Services, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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