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Gilbey P, Moffat M, Sharabi-Nov A, Cohen O, Kroszynski GN, Karnieli-Miller O, Gillis R, Urkin J, Moscovici K. Burnout in Israeli medical students: a national survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:55. [PMID: 36690999 PMCID: PMC9870773 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional burnout is characterized by loss of enthusiasm for work, cynicism, and a low sense of personal efficacy. Burnout may adversely affect medical professionalism. Burnout is common in clinicians and varying rates have been reported in medical students. No data exist regarding the prevalence of burnout among Israeli medical students. The aims of this study were to assess the rate of burnout in Israeli medical students and to identify students who were particularly susceptible to burnout. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire design was employed, gathering data from medical students in all years of study across three medical schools. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS), translated into Hebrew. RESULTS Of the 2160 students in the participating medical schools, 966 (44.7%) completed MBI-SS and demographic questionnaires. The overall burnout rate was 50.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded that female gender, age under 25, advanced year of study, studying at a specific medical school and not being a parent are all significantly correlated with higher levels of burnout. CONCLUSIONS A high rate of burnout was found. The identification of young women who are not parents during advanced years of studies as being at-risk is important, in order to guide the development of burnout prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gilbey
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed, Israel.
| | - Mandy Moffat
- Centre for Medical Education, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Omri Cohen
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed, Israel
| | - Galit Neufeld Kroszynski
- Department of Medical Education, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Karnieli-Miller
- Department of Medical Education, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roni Gillis
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Urkin
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Khen Moscovici
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Hortsch M, Koney NKK, Oommen AM, Yohannan DG, Li Y, de Melo Leite ACR, Girão-Carmona VCC. Virtual Microscopy Goes Global: The Images Are Virtual and the Problems Are Real. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1421:79-124. [PMID: 37524985 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30379-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
For the last two centuries, the scholarly education of histology and pathology has been based on technology, initially on the availability of low-cost, high-quality light microscopes, and more recently on the introduction of computers and e-learning approaches to biomedical education. Consequently, virtual microscopy (VM) is replacing glass slides and the traditional light microscope as the main instruments of instruction in histology and pathology laboratories. However, as with most educational changes, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with a new technology. The use of VM for the teaching of histology and pathology requires an extensive infrastructure and the availability of computing devices to all learners, both posing a considerable financial strain on schools and students. Furthermore, there may be valid reasons for practicing healthcare professionals to maintain competency in using light microscopes. In addition, some educators may be reluctant to embrace new technologies. These are some of the reasons why the introduction of VM as an integral part of histology and pathology instruction has been globally uneven. This paper compares the teaching of histology and pathology using traditional or VM in five different countries and their adjacent regions, representing developed, as well as developing areas of the globe. We identify general and local roadblocks to the introduction of this still-emerging didactic technology and outline solutions for overcoming these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hortsch
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Aswathy Maria Oommen
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Doris George Yohannan
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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"The education is a mirror of where palliative care stands in Israel today": An exploration of palliative care undergraduate education at medical schools in Israel. Palliat Support Care 2021; 20:646-653. [PMID: 34503603 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951521001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Israel serves as a case study for understanding the importance of undergraduate palliative care (PC) education in implementing, developing, and enabling access to palliative care services. This article presents the findings collected from the five medical schools. METHOD This qualitative study supported by a survey explores and describes the state of undergraduate PC education at medical schools in Israel. The survey included questions on voluntary and mandatory courses, allocation of different course models, teaching methods, time frame, content, institutions involved, and examinations. Semi-structured interviews with teaching faculty were conducted at the same locations. RESULTS Eleven expert interviews and five surveys demonstrate that PC is taught as a mandatory subject at only two out of the five Israeli universities. To enhance PC in Israel, it needs to become a mandatory subject for all undergraduate medical students. To teach communication, cultural safety, and other basic competencies, new interactive teaching forms need to be developed and adapted. In this regard, nationwide cooperation is proposed. An exchange between medical schools and university clinics is seen as beneficial. The new generation of students is open to PC philosophy and multidimensional care provision but resources to support their growth as professionals and people remain limited. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS This study underlines the importance of teaching in PC at medical schools. Undergraduate education is a central measure of PC status and should be used as such worldwide. The improvement of the teaching situation would automatically lead to a better practical implementation for the benefit of people. Medical schools should cooperate, as the formation of expertise exchange across medical schools would automatically lead to better PC education.
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Opalek A. Data element mapping to analyze fit for use of three XML standards for health workforce tracking. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 34090460 PMCID: PMC8179696 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring a sufficient supply and distribution of health care professionals is essential to meeting public health needs. Regulatory agencies protect their communities by ensuring that new health professionals have the required qualifications to practice safely and by tracking the volume and distribution of those professionals on an ongoing basis. The speed and accuracy of sharing these data could be greatly improved through the adoption of a data standard for information about health professionals. To date, however, no internationally accepted standard has emerged for this purpose. PURPOSE This study examines three existing XML standards designed for the representation of individual worker data to determine if, and to what degree, each could be used for the tracking of health professionals. METHODS The data elements of the Europass schema, the HR Open Standard Recruiting specification, and the MedBiquitous Healthcare Professional Profile standard were fully examined and matching elements were mapped to the 200+ elements identified from a prior content analysis as required by a sample of 20 international regulatory agencies. RESULTS None of the schemas examined addressed more than half of the information elements required by regulators. All three schemas are found lacking in some key areas of interest, especially vital information that could disqualify ineligible applicant practitioners. CONCLUSIONS The three standards could all be improved by including new elements essential to regulatory agencies. Regulatory agencies should be consulted in the development of new standards for representing potentially disqualifying information about candidates for professional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Opalek
- ECFMG|FAIMER, 3624 Market Street, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, United States of America.
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Manor U, Allon R, Gan-Or H, Yahal O, Benov A, Chen J. Previous Military Medical Exposure as a Motivator for a Medical Career. Mil Med 2021; 186:757-761. [PMID: 33499460 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A variety of factors influence the motivation to choose a medical career; however, the influence of premedical experiences on health professional trainees' choices is a neglected one. We hypothesize that medical exposure during service in the Israeli Air Force special operations forces (SOFs) has an impact on motivation for medical studies. The Israeli scenario, in which career choice is anteceded by substantial military experience, allows us to examine this hypothesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study among physicians and medical students who served as operators in the Israeli Air Force SOF; Unit 669 (an airborne combat search and rescue unit), and Shaldag (an airborne SOF unit). All medical students and physicians enlisted between January 2001 and December 2010 were eligible for enrollment. RESULTS Of over 700 operators screened, 3.7% of Shaldag veterans and 11.1% of Unit 669 veterans had started or finished medical school (P-value < 0.001). Overall, 49 veterans answered the questionnaire and enrolled in the study, of whom 17 (34.7%) were Shaldag veterans and 32 (65.3%) were Unit 669 veterans. Subjective questions implied a significant effect of the service in Unit 669 on career choice. Paramedics had a relative risk of becoming physicians of 7.37 when compared to nonparamedic operators, irrespective of their original unit. CONCLUSIONS Medical exposure of Unit 669 operators during military service significantly contributed to their motivation for becoming physicians. Thus, military service in this setting acts de facto as an effective medical immersion program. This adds another factor to the myriad of factors that motivate young adults in their choice of a medical career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Manor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Raviv Allon
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hadar Gan-Or
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Orr Yahal
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Avi Benov
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.,Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
| | - Jacob Chen
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel
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Nothman S, Kaffman M, Nave R, Flugelman MY. Survey of faculty development in four Israeli medical schools: clinical faculty development is inadequate and clinical teaching is undervalued in Israeli faculties of medicine. Isr J Health Policy Res 2021; 10:10. [PMID: 33557931 PMCID: PMC7871531 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-021-00438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching medical students is a central part of being a doctor, and is essential for the training of the next generation of physicians and for maintaining the quality of medicine. Our research reviews the training that physicians in Israel receive as teachers of clinical clerkships, and their thoughts regarding teaching students. The importance of faculty development cannot be overstated, for securing quality medicine and physician empowerment. METHODS This study was based on a survey conducted among physicians teaching at Israeli medical schools. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire sent to clinical teachers according to lists received from the teaching units of the faculties, department heads, and other clinical teachers. Participation in the study was anonymous. FINDINGS Of 433 invited physicians, 245 (56%) from three departments (internal medicine, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology) of four faculties of medicine in Israel, out of five total, completed the questionnaire. Only 35% of the physicians reported having received training for their role as teachers, most of these participated in a short course of up to 2 days. There were significant differences between the Technion and the other schools. Technion teachers without academic appointment had higher rates of pedagogic training. The same was true in regard to Technion teachers, either residents or young specialist. Significant gaps were reported between the content covered in the training and the topics the doctors felt they would want to learn. The clinicians who participated in the survey expressed that clinical teaching was less valued and more poorly remunerated than research, and that improved compensation and perceived appreciation would likely improve the quality of clinical teaching. CONCLUSIONS Of the one-third of the physicians surveyed who had received some training in clinical teaching, the training was perceived as inadequate and not aligned with their needs. There was a significant difference in rates of pedagogic training between the Technion and other medical schools. In addition, most clinical teachers surveyed felt that teaching students is inadequately valued. Due to its focus on just three disciplines, and higher relative number participants from the Technion faculty of medicine, our survey may not fully represent the activities of the faculties of medicine in Israel. Nevertheless, given the importance of clinical teaching of medical students, our findings argue for increasing faculty development and educational training of physicians in clinical settings, for recognizing the importance of teaching in academic and professional promotion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nothman
- Department of Education, Ruth and Bruce Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haemek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Michael Kaffman
- Department of Education, Ruth and Bruce Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Family Practice, Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Nave
- Department of Education, Ruth and Bruce Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Y Flugelman
- Department of Education, Ruth and Bruce Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, 7 Michal St., Haifa, Israel.
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Lucas T. A personal perspective on health in Israel. Lancet 2017; 389:2450-2451. [PMID: 28495115 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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