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Gaikwad A. Interactions of mixing and reaction kinetics of depolymerization of cellulose to renewable fuels. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1371015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Gaikwad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
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2
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Wojtusik M, Zurita M, Villar JC, Ladero M, Garcia-Ochoa F. Enzymatic saccharification of acid pretreated corn stover: Empirical and fractal kinetic modelling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:110-116. [PMID: 27566519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover was studied at agitation speeds from 50 to 500rpm in a stirred tank bioreactor, at high solid concentrations (20% w/w dry solid/suspension), 50°C and 15.5mgprotein·gglucane(-1). Two empirical kinetic models have been fitted to empirical data, namely: a potential model and a fractal one. For the former case, the global order dramatically decreases from 13 to 2 as agitation speed increases, suggesting an increment in the access of enzymes to cellulose in terms of chemisorption followed by hydrolysis. For its part, the fractal kinetic model fits better to data, showing its kinetic constant a constant augmentation with increasing agitation speed up to a constant value at 250rpm and above, when mass transfer limitations are overcome. In contrast, the fractal exponent decreases with rising agitation speed till circa 0.19, suggesting higher accessibility of enzymes to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wojtusik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauricio Zurita
- Abengoa Research, Campus de Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan C Villar
- Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felix Garcia-Ochoa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Lakhundi SS, Duedu KO, Cain N, Nagy R, Krakowiak J, French CE. Citrobacter freundii as a test platform for recombinant cellulose degradation systems. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 64:35-42. [PMID: 27617802 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic biomass represents a huge reservoir of renewable carbon, but converting it into useful products is challenging. Attempts to transfer cellulose degradation capability to industrially useful micro-organisms have met with limited success, possibly due to poorly understood synergy between multiple cellulases. This is best studied by co-expression of many combinations of cellulases and associated proteins. Here, we describe the development of a test platform based on Citrobacter freundii, a cellobiose-assimilating organism closely related to Escherichia coli. Standard E. coli cloning vectors worked well in Cit. freundii. Expression of cellulases CenA and Cex of Cellulomonas fimi in Cit. freundii gave recombinant strains which were able to grow at the expense of cellulosic filter paper or microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) in a mineral medium supplemented with a small amount of yeast extract. Periodic physical agitation of the cultures was highly beneficial for growth at the expense of filter paper. This provides a test platform for the expression of combinations of genes encoding biomass-degrading enzymes to develop effective genetic cassettes for degradation of different biomass streams. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Biofuels have been shown to be the best sustainable and alternative source of fuel to replace fossil fuels. Of the different types of feedstocks used for producing biofuels, lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant. Converting this biomass to useful products has met with little success. Different approaches are being used and microbial platforms are the most promising and sustainable method. This study shows that Citrobacter freundii is a better test platform than Escherichia coli for testing various combinations of cellulases for the development of microbial systems for biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lakhundi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - K O Duedu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Basic & Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - N Cain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Nagy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Krakowiak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C E French
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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4
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Petkova P, Francesko A, Perelshtein I, Gedanken A, Tzanov T. Simultaneous sonochemical-enzymatic coating of medical textiles with antibacterial ZnO nanoparticles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:244-250. [PMID: 26585004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial finishing is a must for production of medical textiles, aiming at reducing the bioburden in clinical wards and consequently decreasing the risk of hospital-acquired infections. This work reports for the first time on a simultaneous sonochemical/enzymatic process for durable antibacterial coating of cotton with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The novel technology goes beyond the "stepwise" concept we proposed recently for enzymatic pre-activation of the fabrics and subsequent sonochemical nano-coating, and is designed to produce "ready-to-use" antibacterial medical textiles in a single step. A multilayer coating of uniformly dispersed NPs was obtained in the process. The enzymatic treatment provides better adhesion of the ZnO NPs and, as a consequence, enhanced coating stability during exploitation. The NPs-coated cotton fabrics inhibited the growth of the medically relevant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively by 67% and 100%. The antibacterial efficiency of these textile materials resisted the intensive laundry regimes used in hospitals, though only 33% of the initially deposited NPs remained firmly fixed onto the fabrics after multiple washings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Petkova
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Antonio Francesko
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Department of Chemistry, Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; The Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
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5
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Deep K, Poddar A, Das SK. Cloning, Overexpression, and Characterization of Halostable, Solvent-Tolerant Novel β-Endoglucanase from a Marine Bacterium Photobacterium panuliri LBS5T (DSM 27646T). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:695-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Yu M, Qiu Y, Chen W, Zhao F, Shao J. Action modes of recombinant endocellulase, EGA, and its domains on cotton fabrics. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1615-22. [PMID: 25975370 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The action modes of an endocellulase, EGA, and its domains (CD9 and CBM3) during enzymatic treatment of cotton fabrics were investigated. RESULTS EGA, CD9 and CBM3 had the binding capacity to cellulose substrates, of which the filter paper was the substrate with the strongest binding capacity. Analyses of scanning electronic microscopy indicated that EGA and its catalytic domain CD9 etched the surface of cotton fabrics and broke the fibers of long chains. On the other hand, the binding domain CBM3 only resulted in swelling of cotton fibers. Both EGA and its catalytic domain CD9 had minimal effect on the weight loss of cotton fabrics, whereas the effect of EGA and CD9 on the degree of polymerization and breaking strength was significant. After 12 h enzymatic action, the values of weight loss ratio for EGA and CD9 were 2.07 and 2.21 %, respectively, meanwhile the reductions in fabric strength were 27.04 % for EGA and 17.23 % for CD9. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the action of EGA and CD9, CBM3 showed no significant changes in terms of the weight loss ratio, degree of polymerization, and fabric strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Rawat R, Kumar S, Chadha BS, Kumar D, Oberoi HS. An acidothermophilic functionally active novel GH12 family endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger HO: purification, characterization and molecular interaction studies. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 107:103-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Improvement of degummed ramie fiber properties upon treatment with cellulase secreting immobilized A. larrymoorei A1. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:341-51. [PMID: 25194464 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Degummed ramie fiber is widely used in the textile industry. Cellulase enzyme can be effectively used for bio-polishing of the ramie fiber. We immobilized Agrobacterium larrymoorei A1, a potent extra-cellular cellulase producing bacteria, in Ca-alginate. The production of enzyme significantly increased with increasing alginate concentration and reached a maximum activity of 0.28 IU/ml at 20 g/l, which was 32% higher as compared to free cells. These immobilized cells were used on ramie fibers. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and differential interference contrast (DIC) studies showed increased smoothness and orientation of surface structure of the fibers after 19.5 h. The single fiber tenacity was almost same as compared to non-treated fiber and the initial modulus increased by 24.01%. The remarkable reusability of these immobilized cells provides a cost effective method for treatment of natural fibers containing cellulose.
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Tang B, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Song Z, Li X. Expression and functional analysis of a glycoside hydrolase family 45 endoglucanase from Rhizopus stolonifer. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2943-52. [PMID: 25164957 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel endoglucanase gene was cloned from Rhizopus stolonifer and expressed in Escherichia coli, the gene product EG II (45 kDa) was assigned to Glycoside Hydrolase Family 45 (GH45), and its specific activity on phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) was 48 IU/mg. To solve the problem of substrate accumulation in the cellulose hydrolysis and enhance the catalytic efficiency of endoglucanase, the eg2 gene was modified by site directed mutagenesis. Mutations generated by overlapping PCR have been proven to increase its catalytic activity on carboxymenthyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and PASC, among which the mutant EG II-E containing all 6 mutations (N39S, V136D, T251G, D255G, P256S and E260D) peaked 121 IU/mg on PASC. The bioinformatic analysis showed that 2 key catalytic residues (D136 and D260) moved closer with the opening of a loop after mutagenesis, and a tunnel was formed by structural transformation. This structure was conducive for the substrate to access the active centre, and D136 played an indispensable role in the substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China,
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Murashima K, Shimonaka A, Nishimura T, Baba Y, Koga J, Kubota H, Kono T. Exploring Amino Acids Responsible for the Temperature Profile of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 45 Endoglucanase EGL3 fromHumicola grisea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:2205-12. [PMID: 16960377 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
EGL3 and RCE1 are glycoside hydrolase family 45 endoglucanases isolated from Humicola grisea and Rhizopus oryzae respectively. The amino acid sequences of the two endoglucanases are homologous; on the other hand, the optimum temperature of EGL3 is higher than that of RCE1. In this study, four chimeric endoglucanases, named ER1, ER2, ER3 and ER4, in which one of four sequential amino acid regions of the EGL3 catalytic domain (CAD) was replaced by the corresponding RCE1 amino acids, were constructed to explore the region responsible for the EGL3 temperature profile. Then their temperature profiles were compared with that of the recombinant EGL3. Replacement of the N-terminal region of EGL3 with that of RCE1 caused the EGL3 temperature profile to shift to a lower temperature. These results suggest that the N-terminal amino acids of the EGL3 are responsible for the EGL3 temperature profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Murashima
- Food and Health R & D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., Sakado-shi, Saitama, Japan.
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11
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Processivity and enzymatic mode of a glycoside hydrolase family 5 endoglucanase from Volvariella volvacea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23204424 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02725-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EG1 is a modular glycoside hydrolase family 5 endoglucanase from Volvariella volvacea consisting of an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding module (CBM1) and a catalytic domain (CD). The ratios of soluble to insoluble reducing sugar produced from filter paper after 8 and 24 h of exposure to EG1 were 6.66 and 8.56, respectively, suggesting that it is a processive endoglucanase. Three derivatives of EG1 containing a core domain only or additional CBMs were constructed in order to evaluate the contribution of the CBM to the processivity and enzymatic mode of EG1 under stationary and agitated conditions. All four enzymatic forms exhibited the same mode of action on both soluble and insoluble cellulosic substrates with cellobiose as a main end product. An additional CBM fused at either the N or C terminus reduced specific activity toward soluble and insoluble celluloses under stationary reaction conditions. Deletion of the CBM significantly decreased enzyme processivity. Insertion of an additional CBM also resulted in a dramatic decrease in processivity in enzyme-substrate reaction mixtures incubated for 0.5 h, but this effect was reversed when reactions were allowed to proceed for longer periods (24 h). Further significant differences were observed in the substrate adsorption/desorption patterns of EG1 and enzyme derivatives equipped with an additional CBM under agitated reaction conditions. An additional family 1 CBM improved EG1 processivity on insoluble cellulose under highly agitated conditions. Our data indicate a strong link between high adsorption levels and low desorption levels in the processivity of EG1 and possibly other processive endoglucanses.
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Caparrós C, Lant N, Smets J, Cavaco-Paulo A. Effects of adsorption properties and mechanical agitation of two detergent cellulases towards cotton cellulose. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.666840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Silveira MHL, Rau M, Andreaus J. Influence of mechanical agitation on the pH profile of total, soluble and insoluble filter paper activity of Hypocrea jecorina cellulase preparations. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.645368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Wang G, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang K, Peng F, Wang L. The activity and kinetic properties of cellulases in substrates containing metal ions and acid radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2012.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effects of Thermobifida fusca cutinase-carbohydrate-binding module fusion proteins on cotton bioscouring. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu J, Liu WD, Zhao XL, Shen WJ, Cao H, Cui ZL. Cloning and functional characterization of a novel endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene from a soil-derived metagenomic library. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1083-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Characterization of Thermobifida fusca cutinase-carbohydrate-binding module fusion proteins and their potential application in bioscouring. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6870-6. [PMID: 20729325 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00896-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutinase from Thermobifida fusca is thermally stable and has potential application in the bioscouring of cotton in the textile industry. In the present study, the carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from T. fusca cellulase Cel6A (CBM(Cel6A)) and Cellulomonas fimi cellulase CenA (CBM(CenA)) were fused, separately, to the carboxyl terminus of T. fusca cutinase. Both fusion enzymes, cutinase-CBM(Cel6A) and cutinase-CBM(CenA), were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Enzyme characterization showed that both displayed similar catalytic properties and pH stabilities in response to T. fusca cutinase. In addition, both fusion proteins displayed an activity half-life of 53 h at their optimal temperature of 50°C. Compared to T. fusca cutinase, in the absence of pectinase, the binding activity on cotton fiber was enhanced by 2% for cutinase-CBM(Cel6A) and by 28% for cutinase-CBM(CenA), whereas in the presence of pectinase, the binding activity was enhanced by 40% for the former and 45% for the latter. Notably, a dramatic increase of up to 3-fold was observed in the amount of released fatty acids from cotton fiber by both cutinase-CBM fusion proteins when acting in concert with pectinase. This is the first report of improving the scouring efficiency of cutinase by fusing it with CBM. The improvement in activity and the strong synergistic effect between the fusion proteins and pectinase suggest that they may have better applications in textile bioscouring than the native cutinase.
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Optimization of cellulase production by Aspergillus nidulans: application in the biosoftening of cotton fibers. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Kim HJ, Gao W, Lee YJ, Chung CH, Lee JW. Characterization of Acidic Carboxymethylcellulase Produced by a Marine Microorganism, Psychrobacter aquimaris LBH-10. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2010.20.4.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Ramos R, Pinto R, Mota M, Sampaio L, Gama F. Textile depilling: Superior finishing using cellulose-binding domains with residual enzymatic activity. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420600794728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Saravanan D, Dinesh C, Karthikeyan S, Vivekanandan A, Nalankilli G, Ramachandran T. Biopolishing of cotton fabrics with total cellulases ofTrichoderma reeseiand optimization using Taguchi methods. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Kumar R, Wyman CE. Access of cellulase to cellulose and lignin for poplar solids produced by leading pretreatment technologies. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:807-19. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Purification and characterization of a new family 45 endoglucanase, STCE1, from Staphylotrichum coccosporum and its overproduction in Humicola insolens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:4210-7. [PMID: 18408068 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02747-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the detergent industry, fungal endoglucanases have been used to release microfibrils (defibrillation) from the surface of dyed cellulosic fabrics to enhance color brightness. Although endoglucanases for laundry use must have various properties, such as a neutral or alkaline optimum pH, resistance to anionic surfactants and oxidizing agents (main components in detergents), and high defibrillation activity, all-purpose endoglucanases have not been obtained yet. As a result of screening of endoglucanases, a new family 45 endoglucanase (family 45 glycoside hydrolase), designated STCE1, was obtained and purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture supernatant of Staphylotrichum coccosporum NBRC 31817. The molecular mass of STCE1 was 49 kDa. The optimum pH for the carboxymethyl cellulase activity of STCE1 was 6.0, and the optimum temperature was 60 degrees C. STCE1 was highly resistant to an anionic surfactant and an oxidizing agent. Furthermore, the defibrillation activities on dyed cotton and lyocell fabrics of STCE1 were higher than those of the other representative endoglucanases tested. These results indicate that STCE1 is an all-purpose enzyme for laundry use. A gene encoding STCE1, designated the stce1 gene, was cloned from S. coccosporum, and the complete sequence was determined. STCE1 consisted of three distinct domains: an N-terminal catalytic domain (family 45), a linker domain, and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module (family 1). The amino acid sequences of the catalytic domain of STCE1 were phylogenetically close to those of the family 45 endoglucanases EGL3, EGL4, and EGV from a Humicola sp. Hence, the stce1 gene was transferred into Humicola insolens and expressed. As a result, extremely high levels (0.90 mg protein per ml of culture supernatant, 27% of the total proteins) of the recombinant STCE1 were secreted as a mature form in the culture supernatant.
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Matamá T, Carneiro F, Caparrós C, Gübitz GM, Cavaco-Paulo A. Using a nitrilase for the surface modification of acrylic fibres. Biotechnol J 2007; 2:353-60. [PMID: 17167766 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200600068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The surface of an acrylic fibre was modified with a commercial nitrilase (EC 3.5.5.1). The effect of fibre solvents and polyols on nitrilase catalysis efficiency and stability was investigated. The nitrilase action on the acrylic fabric was improved by the combined addition of 1 M sorbitol and 4% N, N-dimethylacetamide. The colour levels for samples treated with nitrilase increased 156% comparing to the control samples. When the additives were introduced in the treatment media, the colour levels increased 199%. The enzymatic conversion of nitrile groups into the corresponding carboxylic groups, on the fibre surface, was followed by the release of ammonia and polyacrylic acid. A surface erosion phenomenon took place and determined the "oscillatory" behaviour of the amount of dye uptake with time of treatment. These results showed that the outcome of the application of the nitrilase for the acrylic treatment is intimately dependent on reaction media parameters, such as time, enzyme activity and formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Matamá
- University of Minho, Textile Engineering Department, Guimarães, Portugal
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25
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Wu S, Ding S, Zhou R, Li Z. Comparative characterization of a recombinant Volvariella volvacea endoglucanase I (EG1) with its truncated catalytic core (EG1-CM), and their impact on the bio-treatment of cellulose-based fabrics. J Biotechnol 2007; 130:364-9. [PMID: 17610980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Volvariella volvacea endoglucanase 1 (EG1) and its catalytic module (EG1-CM) were obtained by expression in Pichia pastoris, purified by two-step chromatography, and the catalytic activities and binding capacities were compared. EG1 and EG1-CM exhibited very similar specific activities towards the soluble substrates carboxymethyl cellulose, lichenan and mannan, and insoluble H(3)PO(4) acid-swollen cellulose, whereas the specific activities of EG1-CM towards the insoluble substrates alpha-cellulose, Avicel and filter paper were approximately 58, 43 and 38%, respectively compared to EG1. No increase in reducing sugar release was detected in the reaction mixture supernatants after 50h exposure of filter paper, Avicel or alpha-cellulose to EG1-CM, whereas increases in the total reducing sugar equivalents (i.e. reducing sugar released into solution together with new reducing ends generated in the cellulosic substrates) in reaction mixtures were observed after 1h. In reaction mixtures containing EG1, soluble reducing sugar equivalents were detected in supernatants after 3h incubation with the insoluble cellulosic substrates. EG1-CM did not adsorb to Avicel, and the binding capacities of EG1-CM towards filter paper and H(3)PO(4) acid-swollen cellulose were 27.9-33.3% and 29.6-60.6%, respectively of values obtained with EG1 within the range of total added protein. In enzymatic deinking experiments, the ink removal rate in EG1-CM-treated samples was only slightly higher (approximately 8%), than that of untreated controls, whereas that of the EG1-treated samples was 100% higher. Bio-stoning of denim with EG1-CM resulted in increases of 48% and 40% in weight loss and indigo dye removal, respectively compared with untreated controls. These increases were considerably lower than the corresponding values of 219% and 133% obtained when samples were treated with EG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wu
- Department of Pulping and Paper, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
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Effect of the agitation on the adsorption and hydrolytic efficiency of cutinases on polyethylene terephthalate fibres. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Silva C, Araújo R, Casal M, Gübitz GM, Cavaco-Paulo A. Influence of mechanical agitation on cutinases and protease activity towards polyamide substrates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shimonaka A, Murashima K, Koga J, Baba Y, Nishimura T, Kubota H, Kono T. Amino acid regions of family 45 endoglucanases involved in cotton defibrillation and in resistance to anionic surfactants and oxidizing agents. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 70:2460-6. [PMID: 17031034 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the detergent industry, fungal endoglucanases are used to release microfibrils from the surfaces of dyed cellulosic fabrics to enhance color brightness. Family 45 endoglucanase (glycoside hydrolase family 45, GH45) EGL3 from Humicola grisea is more resistant to anionic surfactants and oxidizing agents than family 45 endoglucanase RCE1 from Rhizopus oryzae, while in the present study, a catalytic domain of RCE1 had higher defibrillation activity on dyed cotton fabrics than did that of EGL3. To identify the amino acid regions involved in these properties, we compared the characteristics of RCE1, EGL3, and three chimeric endoglucanases, in which each of the three regions of the catalytic domain of EGL3 was replaced by the corresponding region of the catalytic domain of RCE1. Amino acids in the N-terminal region were involved in resistance to anionic surfactants and oxidizing agents. Furthermore, amino acids in the region adjacent to the N-terminal region were involved in releasing microfibrils and in binding to dyed cotton fabrics, indicating that the binding of the amino acids in this region might be important in the release of microfibrils from dyed cotton fabrics.
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Matamá T, Vaz F, Gübitz GM, Cavaco-Paulo A. The effect of additives and mechanical agitation in surface modification of acrylic fibres by cutinase and esterase. Biotechnol J 2006; 1:842-9. [PMID: 16927260 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The surface of an acrylic fibre containing about 7% of vinyl acetate was modified using Fusarium solani pisi cutinase and a commercial esterase, Texazym PES. The effect of acrylic solvents and stabilising polyols on cutinase operational stability was studied. The half-life time of cutinase increased by 3.5-fold with the addition of 15% N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and by 3-fold with 1M glycerol. The impact of additives and mechanical agitation in the protein adsorption and in the hydrolysis of vinyl acetate from acrylic fabric was investigated. The hydroxyl groups produced on the surface of the fibre were able to react specifically with Remazol Brilliant Blue R (cotton reactive dye) and to increase the colour of the acrylic-treated fabric. The best staining level was obtained with a high level of mechanical agitation and with the addition of 1% DMA. Under these conditions, the raise in the acrylic fabric colour depth was 30% for cutinase and 25% for Texazym. The crystallinity degree, determined by X-ray diffraction, was not significantly changed between control samples and samples treated with cutinase. The results showed that the outcome of the application of these enzymes depends closely on the reaction media conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Matamá
- University of Minho, Textile Engineering Department, Guimarães, Portugal
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Baba Y, Shimonaka A, Koga J, Kubota H, Kono T. Alternative splicing produces two endoglucanases with one or two carbohydrate-binding modules in Mucor circinelloides. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:3045-51. [PMID: 15838031 PMCID: PMC1082807 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.9.3045-3051.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously cloned three endoglucanase genes, rce1, rce2, and rce3, that were isolated from Rhizopus oryzae as the first cellulase genes from a member of the subdivision Zygomycota. In this study, two cDNAs homologous to the rce1 gene, designated the mce1 and mce2 cDNAs, were cloned from Mucor circinelloides, a member of the subdivision Zygomycota. The mce1 cDNA encoded an endoglucanase (family 45 glycoside hydrolase) having one carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), designated MCE1, and the mce2 cDNA encoded the same endoglucanase having two tandem repeated CBMs, designated MCE2. The two cDNAs contained the same sequences but with a 147-bp insertion. The corresponding genomic mce gene consisted of four exons. The mce1 cDNA was created from exons 1, 3, and 4, and the mce2 cDNA was created from exons 1, 2, 3, and 4. These results indicate that the mce1 and mce2 cDNAs were created from one genomic mce gene by alternative splicing. MCE1 and MCE2, purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture supernatant of M. circinelloides, had molecular masses of 43 and 47 kDa, respectively. The carboxymethyl cellulase specific activity of MCE2 was almost the same as that of MCE1, whereas the Avicelase specific activity of MCE2 was two times higher than that of MCE1. Furthermore, MCE2, whose two tandem CBMs might be more effective for degradation of crystalline cellulose than one CBM, was secreted only at an early culture stage when crystalline cellulose was abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Baba
- Food and Health R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 5-3-1, Chiyoda, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0289, Japan
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Heikinheimo L, Miettinen-Oinonen A, Cavaco-Paulo A, Buchert J. Effect of purifiedTrichoderma reesei cellulases on formation of cotton powder from cotton fabric. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Murashima K, Nishimura T, Nakamura Y, Koga J, Moriya T, Sumida N, Yaguchi T, Kono T. Purification and characterization of new endo-1,4-β-d-glucanases from Rhizopus oryzae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lenting HB, Warmoeskerken MM. Mechanism of interaction between cellulase action and applied shear force, an hypothesis. J Biotechnol 2001; 89:217-26. [PMID: 11500215 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An overview is given of what is known in literature concerning the structure of both cellulose and cellulase enzymes and the enzymatic degradation of cellulose. Based on this knowledge, a hypothesis is formulated about the relation between cellulase performance and required applied shear force on the fabric. In short, the specific cellulase activity is highest on the flexible amorphous cellulose when compared to that with the more rigid crystalline cellulose. When applying cellulase activity on damaged, fuzzy fabric, the connection point of cellulose material oriented away from the fiber axis, which is partly amorphous due to the damage, will be turned again to a more rigid, mainly crystalline structure. Due to this shift, this connection point will function as a primary point of application for shear force, resulting in removal of the fuzz.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Lenting
- Textile Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Lenting HB, Warmoeskerken MM. Guidelines to come to minimized tensile strength loss upon cellulase application. J Biotechnol 2001; 89:227-32. [PMID: 11500216 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Application of cellulase technology in the textile production process often results in a certain loss of tensile strength along with the desired performance. In this paper guidelines are given how to come to minimization or even prevention of tensile strength loss. Part of the considerations is based on the hypothesis given in the accompanying paper (Lenting and Warmoeskerken, 2001, J. Biotechnol.) concerning the mechanism of interaction between cellulase action and applied shear force. Recommendations given concern the enzyme choice, process parameters and enzyme targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Lenting
- University of Twente, Department of Chemical Engineering, Textile Technology Group, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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