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Kil Y, Pichkur EB, Sergeev VR, Zabrodskaya Y, Myasnikov A, Konevega AL, Shtam T, Samygina VR, Rychkov GN. The archaeal highly thermostable GH35 family β-galactosidase DaβGal has a unique seven domain protein fold. FEBS J 2024; 291:3686-3705. [PMID: 38825733 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The most extensively studied β-d-galactosidases (EC3.2.1.23) belonging to four glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 1, 2, 35, and 42 are widely distributed among Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes. Here, we report a novel GH35 family β-galactosidase from the hyperthermophilic Thermoprotei archaeon Desulfurococcus amylolyticus (DaβGal). Unlike fungal monomeric six-domain β-galactosidases, the DaβGal enzyme is a dimer; it has an extra jelly roll domain D7 and three composite domains (D4, D5, and D6) that are formed by the distantly located polypeptide chain regions. The enzyme possesses a high specificity for β-d-galactopyranosides, and its distinguishing feature is the ability to cleave pNP-β-d-fucopyranoside. DaβGal efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose at high temperatures, remains stable and active at 65 °С, and retains activity at 95 °С with a half-life time value equal to 73 min. These properties make archaeal DaβGal a more attractive candidate for biotechnology than the widely used fungal β-galactosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kil
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Evgeny B Pichkur
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of X-ray Analysis and Synchrotron Radiation, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir R Sergeev
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
| | - Yana Zabrodskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology of Viruses, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Myasnikov
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Andrey L Konevega
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya R Samygina
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of X-ray Analysis and Synchrotron Radiation, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy N Rychkov
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
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Coelho RJS, Gabardo S, Marim AVC, Bolognesi LS, Pimentel Filho NJ, Ayub MAZ. Porungo cheese whey: a new substrate to produce β-galactosidase. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20200483. [PMID: 37991101 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioconversion of porungo cheese whey to produce β-galactosidase in batch system was studied. The whey released after curd cutting and precipitation during porungo cheese production was collected in borosilicate flasks. Two strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus, CCT 4086 and CBS 6556, and whey supplementation with different nitrogen sources were evaluated. Different temperatures (30 °C and 37 °C) and pH values (5.0 to 7.0) were investigated to establish the best conditions for enzyme production. The highest enzymatic activity was obtained by K. marxianus CCT 4086 in porungo cheese whey supplemented with yeast extract (16.73 U mL-1). K. marxianus CCT 4086 produced superior β-galactosidase activity when compared to CBS 6556 for all media tested (ranging from 11.69 to 14.40 U mL-1). Highest β-galactosidase activity was reached under conditions of pH 7.0 and 30 °C using K. marxianus CCT 4086 in the better media composition. The lowest enzymatic activity was observed at 37 °C for all pH values tested (10.69 U mL-1 to 13.94 U mL-1) and a highest β-galactosidase activity was reached in pH 7.0 for both two temperatures (11.42 to 15.93 U mL-1). Porungo cheese whey shows potential for industrial β-galactosidase production by microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela J S Coelho
- Federal University of São Carlos, Center of Natural Sciences, Rodovia Lauri Simões de Barros, Km 12, 18245-970 Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Gabardo
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Agroindustrial Technology and Rural Socioeconomics, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 174, 13600-970 Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Vitória C Marim
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Agroindustrial Technology and Rural Socioeconomics, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 174, 13600-970 Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais S Bolognesi
- Federal University of São Carlos, Center of Natural Sciences, Rodovia Lauri Simões de Barros, Km 12, 18245-970 Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Natan J Pimentel Filho
- Federal University of São Carlos, Center of Natural Sciences, Rodovia Lauri Simões de Barros, Km 12, 18245-970 Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Z Ayub
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Food Science and Technology Institute, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ayivi RD, Ibrahim SA. Lactic acid bacteria: An essential probiotic and starter culture for the production of yoghurt. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael D. Ayivi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro NC 27411 USA
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering University of North Carolina Greensboro NC 27412 USA
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro NC 27411 USA
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VOGET C, BORRAJO A, PEDRAZZI C. Lactose hydrolysis in milk using a commercial recombinant β-galactosidase (lactase) from Bifidobacterium bifidum. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.27622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Damin BIS, Kovalski FC, Fischer J, Piccin JS, Dettmer A. Challenges and perspectives of the β-galactosidase enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5281-5298. [PMID: 34223948 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme β-galactosidase has great potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its ability to perform the hydrolysis of lactose, a disaccharide present in milk and in dairy by-products. It can be used in free form, in batch processes, or in immobilized form, which allows continuous operation and provides greater enzymatic stability. The choice of method and support for enzyme immobilization is essential, as the performance of the biocatalyst is strongly influenced by the properties of the material used and by the interaction mechanisms between support and enzyme. Therefore, this review showed the main enzyme immobilization techniques, and the most used supports for the constitution of biocatalysts. Also, materials with the potential for immobilization of β-galactosidases and the importance of their biotechnological application are presented. KEY POINTS: • The main methods of immobilization are physical adsorption, covalent bonding, and crosslinking. • The structural conditions of the supports are determining factors in the performance of the biocatalysts. • Enzymatic hydrolysis plays an important role in the biotechnology industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I S Damin
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - F C Kovalski
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture (FEAR), Chemical Engineering Course, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - J Fischer
- Institute of Exact Sciences and Geosciences (ICEG), Chemical Course, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - J S Piccin
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - A Dettmer
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Encapsulated NOLA™ Fit 5500 Lactase—An Economically Beneficial Way to Obtain Lactose-Free Milk at Low Temperature. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current requirements of industrial biocatalysis are related to economically beneficial and environmentally friendly processes. Such a strategy engages low-temperature reactions. The presented approach is essential, especially in food processes, where temperature affects the quality and nutritional value foodstuffs. The subject of the study is the hydrolysis of lactose with the commercial lactase NOLA™ Fit 5500 (NOLA). The complete decomposition of lactose into two monosaccharides gives a sweeter product, recommended for lactose intolerant people and those controlling a product’s caloric content. The hydrolysis reaction was performed at 15 °C, which is related to milk transportation and storage temperature. The enzyme showed activity over the entire range of substrate concentrations (up to 55 g/L lactose). For reusability and easy isolation, the enzyme was encapsulated in a sodium alginate network. Its stability allows carrying out six cycles of the complete hydrolysis of lactose to monosaccharides, lasting from two to four hours. During the study, the kinetic description of native and encapsulated NOLA was conducted. As a result, the model of competitive galactose inhibition and glucose mixed influence (competitive inhibition and activation) was proposed. The capsule size does not influence the reaction rate; thus, the substrate diffusion into capsules can be omitted from the process description. The prepared 4 mm capsules are easy to separate between cycles, e.g., using sieves.
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Fischer C, Kleinschmidt T. Synthesis of galactooligosaccharides by Cryptococcus laurentii and Aspergillus oryzae using different kinds of acid whey. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Trusek A, Dworakowska D, Czyzewska K. 3D enzymatic preparations with graphene oxide flakes and hydrogel to obtain lactose-free products. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Vera C, Guerrero C, Aburto C, Cordova A, Illanes A. Conventional and non-conventional applications of β-galactosidases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Estimation of the Effectiveness Factor for Immobilized Enzyme Catalysts through a Simple Conversion Assay. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel methodology to estimate the effectiveness factor (EF) of an immobilized enzyme catalyst is proposed here. The methodology consists of the determination of the productivity of both the immobilized enzyme catalyst and its corresponding soluble enzyme, plotted as a function of the reaction conversion. The ratio of these productivities corresponds to the EF estimator of the catalyst. Conversion curves were simulated in a batch reactor with immobilized enzyme and soluble enzyme for different values of the S0/KM ratio and Thiele modulus (Φ) to demonstrate this hypothesis. Two different reaction orders were tested: first-order kinetic and Michaelis–Menten-based kinetic with product inhibition. The results showed that the ratio of productivities between the immobilized and soluble enzymes followed the behavior profile presented by the EF with satisfactory agreement. This simple methodology to estimate the EF is based on routine conversion experiments, thus avoiding the exhaustive kinetic and mass transfer characterization of the immobilized enzyme catalyst.
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Aburto C, Castillo C, Cornejo F, Arenas-Salinas M, Vásquez C, Guerrero C, Arenas F, Illanes A, Vera C. β-Galactosidase from Exiguobacterium acetylicum: Cloning, expression, purification and characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:211-215. [PMID: 30639092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to evaluate the performance of β-galactosidase from Exiguobacterium acetylicum MF03 in both hydrolysis and transgalactosylation reactions from different substrates. The enzyme gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), sequenced, and subjected to bioinformatic and kinetic assessment. Results showed that the enzyme was able to hydrolyze lactulose and o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, but unable to hydrolyze lactose, o-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, butyl- and pentyl-β-d-galactosides. This unique and novel substrate specificity converts the E. acetylicum MF03 β-galactosidase into an ideal catalyst for the formulation of an enzymatic kit for lactulose quantification in thermally processed milk. This is because costly steps to eliminate glucose (resulting from hydrolysis of lactose when a customary β-galactosidase is used) can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Aburto
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Castillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Cornejo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Arenas-Salinas
- Center of Bioinformatic and Molecular Simulation, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca (UTALCA), Talca, Chile
| | - Claudio Vásquez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Arenas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
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Guerrero C, Aburto C, Suárez S, Vera C, Illanes A. Effect of the type of immobilization of β-galactosidase on the yield and selectivity of synthesis of transgalactosylated oligosaccharides. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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BOSSO A, MORIOKA LRI, SANTOS LFD, SUGUIMOTO HH. Lactose hydrolysis potential and thermal stability of commercial β-galactosidase in UHT and skimmed milk. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Slade PG, Caspary RG, Nargund S, Huang CJ. Mannose metabolism in recombinant CHO cells and its effect on IgG glycosylation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1468-80. [PMID: 26724786 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of high-mannose (HM) glycosylation of recombinant IgG in CHO cells would facilitate the production of therapeutics. CHO cells grown with mannose as the major carbon source demonstrated a dramatic increase in total HM glycosylation in recombinant IgG, with no effect on cell growth, viability, or titer. Quantitative metabolomics and (13) C flux analysis were used to explore the mechanism for increased HM glycosylation and understand the metabolism of mannose in CHO cells. It was demonstrated that mannose was a good carbon source for CHO cell growth and IgG production, readily entering both glycolysis and the TCA Cycle. Previous mechanisms for increased HM glycosylation during antibody production have been attributed to changes in pH, osmolality, increased specific productivity, and nutrient limitation. The results from this study propose a novel mechanism where an increased carbon flux in the GDP-mannose synthetic pathway increased the intracellular concentration of mannose-containing metabolites. The abnormally high concentration of mannose and mannose-metabolites were shown to inhibit α-mannosidase activity and it was proposed that this inhibition in the ER and Golgi caused the production of IgG with increased high-mannose glycosylation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1468-1480. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Slade
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, 98119, Washington.
| | - R Guy Caspary
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, 98119, Washington
| | - Shilpa Nargund
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Chung-Jr Huang
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
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Cold-Active β-Galactosidases: Sources, Biochemical Properties and Their Biotechnological Potential. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREMOPHILES: 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Vasileva N, Ivanov Y, Damyanova S, Kostova I, Godjevargova T. Hydrolysis of whey lactose by immobilized β-galactosidase in a bioreactor with a spirally wound membrane. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:339-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Das B, Roy AP, Bhattacharjee S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee C. Lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 121:244-252. [PMID: 25842188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, it was aimed to optimize the process of lactose hydrolysis using free and immobilized β-galactosidase to produce glucose and galactose. Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the degree of hydrolysis by varying three parameters, temperature (15-45°C), solution pH (5-9) and β-galactosidase enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for free mode of analysis and sodium alginate concentration (2-4%), calcium chloride concentration (3-6%) and enzyme concentration (2-8mg/mL) for immobilized process. Based on plots and variance analysis, the optimum operational conditions for maximizing lactose hydrolysis were found to be temperature (35.5°C), pH (6.7) and enzyme concentration (6.7mg/mL) in free mode and sodium alginate concentration (3%), calcium chloride concentration (5.9%) and enzyme concentration (5.2mg/mL) in immobilized mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananda Prasad Roy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sangita Bhattacharjee
- Chemical Engineering Department, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of Calabria, Cubo-44A, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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Facin BR, Moret B, Baretta D, Belfiore LA, Paulino AT. Immobilization and controlled release of β-galactosidase from chitosan-grafted hydrogels. Food Chem 2015; 179:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Transgalactosylation and hydrolytic activities of commercial preparations of β-galactosidase for the synthesis of prebiotic carbohydrates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 70:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Pawlak-Szukalska A, Wanarska M, Popinigis AT, Kur J. A novel cold-active β-d-galactosidase with transglycosylation activity from the Antarctic Arthrobacter sp. 32cB – Gene cloning, purification and characterization. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Biochemical and structural characterization of a thermostable β-glucosidase from Halothermothrix orenii for galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1731-44. [PMID: 25173693 PMCID: PMC4322223 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lactose is a major disaccharide by-product from the dairy industries, and production of whey alone amounts to about 200 million tons globally each year. Thus, it is of particular interest to identify improved enzymatic processes for lactose utilization. Microbial β-glucosidases (BGL) with significant β-galactosidase (BGAL) activity can be used to convert lactose to glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal), and most retaining BGLs also synthesize more complex sugars from the monosaccharides by transglycosylation, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which are prebiotic compounds that stimulate growth of beneficial gut bacteria. In this work, a BGL from the thermophilic and halophilic bacterium Halothermothrix orenii, HoBGLA, was characterized biochemically and structurally. It is an unspecific β-glucosidase with mixed activities for different substrates and prominent activity with various galactosidases such as lactose. We show that HoBGLA is an attractive candidate for industrial lactose conversion based on its high activity and stability within a broad pH range (4.5–7.5), with maximal β-galactosidase activity at pH 6.0. The temperature optimum is in the range of 65–70 °C, and HoBGLA also shows excellent thermostability at this temperature range. The main GOS products from HoBGLA transgalactosylation are β-d-Galp-(1→6)-d-Lac (6GALA) and β-d-Galp-(1→3)-d-Lac (3GALA), indicating that d-lactose is a better galactosyl acceptor than either of the monosaccharides. To evaluate ligand binding and guide GOS modeling, crystal structures of HoBGLA were determined in complex with thiocellobiose, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose and glucose. The two major GOS products, 3GALA and 6GALA, were modeled in the substrate-binding cleft of wild-type HoBGLA and shown to be favorably accommodated.
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Arreola SL, Intanon M, Suljic J, Kittl R, Pham NH, Kosma P, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Two β-galactosidases from the human isolate Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213: molecular cloning and expression, biochemical characterization and synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104056. [PMID: 25089712 PMCID: PMC4121272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two β-galactosidases, β-gal I and β-gal II, from Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213, which was isolated from the intestine of an infant, were overexpressed in Escherichia coli with co-expression of the chaperones GroEL/GroES, purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and biochemically characterized. Both β-gal I and β-gal II belong to glycoside hydrolase family 2 and are homodimers with native molecular masses of 220 and 211 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for hydrolysis of the two substrates o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) and lactose were determined at pH 7.0 and 50°C for β-gal I, and at pH 6.5 and 55°C for β-gal II, respectively. The kcat/Km values for oNPG and lactose hydrolysis are 722 and 7.4 mM-1s-1 for β-gal I, and 543 and 25 mM-1s-1 for β-gal II. Both β-gal I and β-gal II are only moderately inhibited by their reaction products D-galactose and D-glucose. Both enzymes were found to be very well suited for the production of galacto-oligosaccharides with total GOS yields of 33% and 44% of total sugars obtained with β-gal I and β-gal II, respectively. The predominant transgalactosylation products are β-D-Galp-(1→6)-D-Glc (allolactose) and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-D-Lac, accounting together for more than 75% and 65% of the GOS formed by transgalactosylation by β-gal I and β-gal II, respectively, indicating that both enzymes have a propensity to synthesize β-(1→6) and β-(1→3)-linked GOS. The resulting GOS mixtures contained relatively high fractions of allolactose, which results from the fact that glucose is a far better acceptor for galactosyl transfer than galactose and lactose, and intramolecular transgalactosylation contributes significantly to the formation of this disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Lozel Arreola
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Montira Intanon
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmina Suljic
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Kittl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ngoc Hung Pham
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; School of Food Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Paul Kosma
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Nath A, Mondal S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee C, Chowdhury R. Production, purification, characterization, immobilization, and application ofβ-galactosidase: a review. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nath
- Chemical Engineering Department; Jadavpur University; Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Subhoshmita Mondal
- Chemical Engineering Department; Jadavpur University; Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Chemical Engineering Department; Jadavpur University; Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials; University of Calabria; Cubo-44C Rende 87036 CS Italy
| | | | - Ranjana Chowdhury
- Chemical Engineering Department; Jadavpur University; Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
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24
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Kang BC. Analysis of an Immobilized β-Galactosidase Reactor with Competitive Product Inhibition Kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2013.23.12.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Aït-Aissa A, Aïder M. Lactulose: production and use in functional food, medical and pharmaceutical applications. Practical and critical review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amara Aït-Aissa
- Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering; Université Laval; QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF); Université Laval; QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Mohammed Aïder
- Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering; Université Laval; QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF); Université Laval; QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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26
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An Experimental Study on Production of Intracellular β-Galactosidase at Different Conditions by Batch Process Using Isolated Bacillus safensis (JUCHE 1) and Characterization of Synthesized β-Galactosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40034-013-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Guerrero C, Vera C, Illanes A. Optimisation of synthesis of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (fructosyl-galacto-oligosaccharides) with β-galactosidases of different origin. Food Chem 2013; 138:2225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Fischer J, Guidini CZ, Santana LNS, de Resende MM, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ. Optimization and modeling of lactose hydrolysis in a packed bed system using immobilized β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Tribst AAL, Augusto PED, Cristianini M. The effect of high pressure homogenization on the activity of a commercial β-galactosidase. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1587-96. [PMID: 22911236 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High pressure homogenization (HPH) has been proposed as a promising method for changing the activity and stability of enzymes. Therefore, this research studied the activity of β-galactosidase before and after HPH. The enzyme solution at pH values of 6.4, 7.0, and 8.0 was processed at pressures of up to 150 MPa, and the effects of HPH were determined from the residual enzyme activity measured at 5, 30, and 45 °C immediately after homogenization and after 1 day of refrigerated storage. The results indicated that at neutral pH the enzyme remained active at 30 °C (optimum temperature) even after homogenization at pressures of up to 150 MPa. On the contrary, when the β-galactosidase was homogenized at pH 6.4 and 8.0, a gradual loss of activity was observed, reaching a minimum activity (around 30 %) after HPH at 150 MPa and pH 8.0. After storage, only β-galactosidase that underwent HPH at pH 7.0 retained similar activity to the native sample. Thus, HPH did not affect the activity and stability of β-galactosidase only when the process was carried out at neutral pH; for the other conditions, HPH resulted in partial inactivation of the enzyme. Considering the use of β-galactosidase to produce low lactose milk, it was concluded that HPH can be applied with no deleterious effects on enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alline A L Tribst
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
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30
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Freitas FF, Marquez LDS, Ribeiro GP, Brandão GC, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ. Optimization of the immobilization process of β-galatosidade by combined entrapment-cross-linking and the kinetics of lactose hydrolysis. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322012000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Sriphannam W, Lumyong S, Niumsap P, Ashida H, Yamamoto K, Khanongnuch C. A selected probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum CM33 isolated from breast-fed infants as a potential source of β-galactosidase for prebiotic oligosaccharide synthesis. J Microbiol 2012; 50:119-26. [PMID: 22367946 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-1108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria from healthy breast-fed infants were isolated and screened for β-galactosidase production in MRS broth. Among 49 isolates that exhibited the yellow clear zone on MRS agar supplemented with bromocresol blue, the isolate CM33 was selected as being the highest β-galactosidase producer and was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum based on its morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence. L. fermentum CM33 exhibited a good survival rate under the simulated stomach passage model, comparable to known probiotic strains L. gallinarum JCM2011 and L. agilis JCM1187. L. fermentum CM33 was antagonistic to pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhi, and Salmonella enteriditis, using the well diffusion method. In addition, the selected lactobacilli exhibited a high growth rate when cultivated in modified MRS containing commercial galactooligosaccharide (GOS) as a sole carbon source, as well as in glucose. A preliminary study on the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharide using crude β-galactosidase revealed the capability for oligosaccharide synthesis by the transgalactosylation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Sriphannam
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
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32
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AKGÜL FATMABETÜL, DEMIRHAN ELÇIN, ÖZBEK BELMA. A Modelling study on skimmed milk lactose hydrolysis and β-galactosidase stability using three reactor types. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Vera C, Guerrero C, Illanes A, Conejeros R. A pseudo steady-state model for galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis with β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:2270-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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34
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Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-Galactosidase onto Duolite A568 Resin via Simple Adsorption Mechanism. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Engineering of a fungal β-galactosidase to remove product inhibition by galactose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1773-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Iqbal S, Nguyen TH, Nguyen TT, Maischberger T, Haltrich D. beta-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1: biochemical characterization and formation of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1408-16. [PMID: 20385377 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, homologously over-expressed in L. plantarum, was purified to apparent homogeneity using p-aminobenzyl 1-thio-beta-d-galactopyranoside affinity chromatography and subsequently characterized. The enzyme is a heterodimer of the LacLM-family type, consisting of a small subunit of 35kDa and a large subunit of 72kDa. The optimum pH for hydrolysis of its preferred substrates o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (oNPG) and lactose is 7.5 and 7.0, and optimum temperature for these reactions is 55 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme is most stable in the pH range of 6.5-8.0. The K(m), k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) values for oNPG and lactose are 0.9mM, 92s(-1), 130mM(-1)s(-1) and 29mM, 98s(-1), 3.3mM(-1)s(-1), respectively. The L. plantarum beta-galactosidase possesses a high transgalactosylation activity and was used for the synthesis of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). The resulting GOS mixture was analyzed in detail, and major components were identified by using high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) as well as capillary electrophoresis. The maximal GOS yield was 41% (w/w) of total sugars at 85% lactose conversion (600mM initial lactose concentration). The enzyme showed a strong preference for the formation of beta-(1-->6) linkages in its transgalactosylation mode, while beta-(1-->3)-linked products were formed to a lesser extent, comprising approximately 80% and 9%, respectively, of the newly formed glycosidic linkages in the oligosaccharide mixture at maximum GOS formation. The main individual products formed were beta-d-Galp-(1-->6)-d-Lac, accounting for 34% of total GOS, and beta-d-Galp-(1-->6)-d-Glc, making up 29% of total GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Iqbal
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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37
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Tari C, Ustok FI, Harsa S. Production of Food Grade β-Galactosidase from Artisanal Yogurt Strains. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430903562807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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39
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40
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Maximization of β-Galactosidase Production: A Simultaneous Investigation of Agitation and Aeration Effects. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:1528-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Gamauf C, Marchetti M, Kallio J, Puranen T, Vehmaanperä J, Allmaier G, Kubicek CP, Seiboth B. Characterization of the bga1-encoded glycoside hydrolase family 35 beta-galactosidase of Hypocrea jecorina with galacto-beta-D-galactanase activity. FEBS J 2007; 274:1691-700. [PMID: 17381511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular bga1-encoded beta-galactosidase of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) was overexpressed under the pyruvat kinase (pki1) promoter region and purified to apparent homogeneity. The monomeric enzyme is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 118.8 +/- 0.5 kDa (MALDI-MS) and an isoelectric point of 6.6. Bga1 is active with several disaccharides, e.g. lactose, lactulose and galactobiose, as well as with aryl- and alkyl-beta-D-galactosides. Based on the catalytic efficiencies, lactitol and lactobionic acid are the poorest substrates and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside and lactulose are the best. The pH optimum for the hydrolysis of galactosides is approximately 5.0, and the optimum temperature was found to be 60 degrees C. Bga1 is also capable of releasing D-galactose from beta-galactans and is thus actually a galacto-beta-D-galactanase. beta-Galactosidase is inhibited by its reaction product D-galactose and the enzyme also shows a significant transferase activity which results in the formation of galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gamauf
- Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Austria.
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42
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O'Connell S, Walsh G. Purification and properties of a β-galactosidase with potential application as a digestive supplement. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 141:1-14. [PMID: 17625262 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 05/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional-based screening of crude beta-galactosidase activities from 42 yeast strains resulted in the selection of a single enzyme of potential interest as a digestive supplement. beta-Galactosidase produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM5418 was purified to homogeneity by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies. The denatured (123 kDa) and native molecular masses (251 kDa) suggest that the enzyme is a homodimer. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 6.8 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The unpurified beta-galactosidase in particular displayed a high level of stability when exposed to simulated intestinal conditions in vitro for 4 h. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass sectrometry analysis revealed that the enzyme's trypsin-generated peptide mass fingerprint shares several peptide fragment hits with beta-galactosidases from Kluyveromyces lactis. This confirms the enzyme's identity and indicates that significant sequence homology exists between these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O'Connell
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences and MSSI, University of Limerick, Limerick City, Ireland
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43
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Nguyen TH, Splechtna B, Krasteva S, Kneifel W, Kulbe KD, Divne C, Haltrich D. Characterization and molecular cloning of a heterodimeric beta-galactosidase from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus R22. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 269:136-44. [PMID: 17227458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-galactosidase from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus R22 was purified to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity chromatography. The enzyme is a heterodimer consisting of two subunits of 35 and 72 kDa, as determined by gel electrophoresis. The optimum temperature of beta-galactosidase activity was 55 degrees C (10-min assay) and the range of pH 6.5-8, respectively, for both o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) and lactose hydrolysis. The Km and Vmax values for lactose and oNPG were 4.04+/-0.26 mM, 28.8+/-0.2 micromol D-glucose released per min per mg protein, and 0.73+/-0.07 mM, 361+/-12 micromol o-nitrophenol released per min per mg protein, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by high concentrations of oNPG with Ki,s=31.7+/-3.5 mM. The enzyme showed no specific requirements for metal ions, with the exception of Mg2+, which enhanced both activity and stability. The genes encoding this heterodimeric enzyme, lacL and lacM, were cloned, and compared with other beta-galactosidases from lactobacilli. Beta-galactosidase from L. acidophilus was used for the synthesis of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose, with the maximum GOS yield of 38.5% of total sugars at about 75% lactose conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis, Petersgasse, Graz, Austria
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44
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45
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Jurado E, Camacho F, Luzon G, Vicaria J. Influence of the hollow-fibre membrane on the stability of β-galactosidase and on lactose hydrolysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Nguyen TH, Splechtna B, Steinböck M, Kneifel W, Lettner HP, Kulbe KD, Haltrich D. Purification and characterization of two novel beta-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:4989-98. [PMID: 16819907 DOI: 10.1021/jf053126u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzymes from two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri, L103 and L461, were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity chromatography. Both enzymes are heterodimers with a molecular mass of 105 kDa, consisting of a 35 kDa subunit and a 72 kDa subunit. Active staining of L. reuteri L103 and L461 beta-gal with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-galactoside showed that the intact enzymes as well as the larger subunits possess beta-galactosidase activity. The isoelectric points of L. reuteri L461 and L103 beta-gal were found to be in the range of 3.8-4.0 and 4.6-4.8, respectively. Both enzymes are most active in the pH range of 6-8; however, they are not stable at pH 8. The L. reuteri beta-galactosidases are activated by various mono- and divalent cations, including Na(+), K(+), and Mn(2+), and are moderately inhibited by their reaction products d-glucose and d-galactose. Because of their origin from beneficial and potentially probiotic lactobacilli, these enzymes could be of interest for the synthesis of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria, Division of Food Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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47
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Nakkharat P, Haltrich D. Purification and characterisation of an intracellular enzyme with beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus CBS 236.58. J Biotechnol 2006; 123:304-13. [PMID: 16446002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An intracellular beta-glycoside hydrolase with beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity, designated beta-glucosidase BGL1, was isolated to apparent homogeneity from the thermophilic ascomycete Talaromyces thermophilus CBS 236.58. The monomeric enzyme has a molecular mass of 50 kDa (SDS-PAGE) and an isoelectric point of 4.5-4.6. The enzyme is active with both glucosides such as cellobiose and galactosides including lactose; based on the catalytic efficiencies determined glucosides are the preferred substrates. beta-Galactosidase activity of BGL1 is activated by various mono and divalent cations including Na+, K+ and Mg2+, and it is moderately inhibited by its reaction products glucose and galactose. Its pH optimum for the hydrolysis of galactosides is in the range of 5.5-6.0, and its optimum temperature was found to be 50 degrees C (15 min assay). In addition to its hydrolytic activity, BGL1 shows a significant transferase activity which results in the formation of galacto-oligosaccharides. These have recently attracted interest because of possible applications in food industry. The highest yields of oligosaccharides was approximately 20% when using 38 gl(-1) lactose as the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phimchanok Nakkharat
- Division of Food Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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48
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Hakkı Boyacı İ, Baş D, Ceyda Dudak F, Topçu A, Saldamlı İ, Özgür Şafak Şeker U, Tamerler C. Statistical Modeling of β-galactosidase Inhibition During Lactose Hydrolysis. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430500524267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Akolkar SK, Sajgure A, Lele SS. Lactase Production from Lactobacillus acidophilus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-0079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jurado E, Camacho F, Luzón G, Vicaria JM. Kinetic and enzymatic adsorption model in a recirculation hollow-fibre bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2005; 28:27-36. [PMID: 16160862 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-005-0007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A general procedure has been developed to model the behaviour of enzymatic reactions in a membrane bioreactor. This procedure unifies the kinetics of the reaction and the adsorption of the enzyme or enzymatic complexes on the membrane, enabling the selection of the most appropriate kinetic model. The general procedure proposed has been particularized and applied to experimental results obtained with two enzymatic reactions carried out in a hollow-fibre reactor, enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose by beta-galactosidase and glucose-fructose isomerization by glucose isomerase. The application of the general model has allowed us to determine the mechanism of the reaction for both kinetic reactions, assuming the adsorption of the enzymatic complex EGa for lactose hydrolysis and the adsorption of the free enzyme onto the membrane for glucose-fructose isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jurado
- Departamento Ingeniería Química, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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