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Lorthongpanich N, Mahalapbutr P, Rungrotmongkol T, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Prousoontorn MH. Fisetin glycosides synthesized by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Paenibacillus sp. RB01: characterization, molecular docking, and antioxidant activity. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13467. [PMID: 35637717 PMCID: PMC9147316 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is a flavonoid that exhibits high antioxidant activity and is widely employed in the pharmacological industries. However, the application of fisetin is limited due to its low water solubility. In this study, glycoside derivatives of fisetin were synthesized by an enzymatic reaction using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) from Paenibacillus sp. RB01 in order to improve the water solubility of fisetin. Under optimal conditions, CGTase was able to convert more than 400 mg/L of fisetin to its glycoside derivatives, which is significantly higher than the previous biosynthesis using engineered E. coli. Product characterization by HPLC and LC-MS/MS revealed that the transglycosylated products consisted of at least five fisetin glycoside derivatives, including fisetin mono-, di- and triglucosides, as well as their isomers. Enzymatic analysis by glucoamylase and α-glucosidase showed that these fisetin glycosides were formed by α-1,4-glycosidic linkages. Molecular docking demonstrated that there are two possible binding modes of fisetin in the enzyme active site containing CGTase-glysosyl intermediate, in which O7 and O4' atoms of fisetin positioned close to the C1 of glycoside donor, corresponding to the isomers of the obtained fisetin monoglucosides. In addition, the water solubility and the antioxidant activity of the fisetin monoglucosides were tested. It was found that their water solubility was increased at least 800 times when compared to that of their parent molecule while still maintaining the antioxidant activity. This study revealed the potential application of CGTase to improve the solubility of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Upadhyay D, Sharma S, Shrivastava D, Kulshreshtha NM. Production and characterization of β-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus sp. ND1. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 59:192-205. [PMID: 30548870 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A potent β-CGTase producing bacterium ND1 has been isolated from sugarcane field soil in India. The biochemical, physiologicaland phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene suggest that the isolate belongs to Bacillus cereus group. The enzyme β-CGTase produced from isolate ND1 catalyzes production of β-cyclodextrin utilizing starch as a substrate which has diverse applications in various fields. The enzyme production parameters pH, temperature, and substrate concentration were optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and were found to be 8.9, 30.55 °C, and 1.88%, respectively for optimal enzyme activity. The crude enzyme was partially purified (29-fold) using ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by ion exchange chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was found to be 63.53 U mg-1 . The enzyme is monomeric in nature with a molecular weight of 97.4 kD as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is stable in a wide range of pH (6-10) and temperature (40-60 °C) values. The maximum CGTase activity was observed at pH 9 and temperature 50 °C. The Km value was found to be 2.613 ± 0.5 and Vmax was 0.309 ± 0.05 µg min-1 indicating high substrate specificity. Together; these results suggest that the enzyme may be of wide commercial value in various industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani Upadhyay
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonika Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Divya Shrivastava
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Niha M Kulshreshtha
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.,Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Sanjari S, Mohammad Gholizadeh H, Vahabzadeh F. Loofa immobilized Bacillus sp. DSM 2523 as a whole cell biocatalyst for production of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in an airlift reactor with a net draft tube. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1488247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sanjari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Gholizadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vahabzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Chen S, Li Z, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Holler TP, Li C. Leu600 mutations decrease product inhibition of the β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans STB01. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1194-1201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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A novel cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from an alkaliphile Microbacterium terrae KNR 9: purification and properties. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:168. [PMID: 28330240 PMCID: PMC4987636 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC. 2.1.1.19) produced using new alkaliphile Microbacterium terrae KNR 9 has been purified to homogeneity in a single step by the starch adsorption method. The specific activity of the purified CGTase was 45 U/mg compared to crude 0.9 U/mg. This resulted in a 50-fold purification of the enzyme with 33 % yield. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was found to be 27.72 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis and activity staining confirmed the presence of CGTase in crude and the ammonium sulfate precipitate fraction. The purified CGTase has a pI value of 4.2. The optimum pH of 6.0 and 60 °C temperature were found to be the best for CGTase activity. Purified CGTase showed 5.18 kcal/mol activation energy (Ea). The CGTase activity was increased in the presence of metal ions (5 mM): Ca+2 (130 %), Mg+2 (123 %), Mn+2 (119 %) and Co+2 (116 %). The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited in the presence of Hg+2 (0.0 %), Cu+2 (0.0 %) and Fe+2 (3.8 %). Inhibitor N-bromosuccinimide (5 mM) showed the highest 96 % inhibition of CGTase activity. SDS and triton X-100 among different detergents and surfactants (1.0 %, w/v) tested showed 92 % inhibition. Among the organic solvents checked for their effect on enzyme activity, 5 % (v/v) toluene resulted in 48 % increased activity. Polyethylene glycol-6000 showed a 26 % increase in the CGTase activity. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 10 mg/ml and 146 µmol/mg min, respectively, for purified CGTase.
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Li C, Xu Q, Gu Z, Chen S, Wu J, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li Z. Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase variants experience different modes of product inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rajput KN, Patel KC, Trivedi UB. β-Cyclodextrin Production by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase from an Alkaliphile Microbacterium terrae KNR 9 Using Different Starch Substrates. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2034359. [PMID: 27648307 PMCID: PMC5015009 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2034359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) is an important member of α-amylase family which can degrade the starch and produce cyclodextrins (CDs) as a result of intramolecular transglycosylation (cyclization). β-Cyclodextrin production was carried out using the purified CGTase enzyme from an alkaliphile Microbacterium terrae KNR 9 with different starches in raw as well as gelatinized form. Cyclodextrin production was confirmed using thin layer chromatography. Six different starch substrates, namely, soluble starch, potato starch, sago starch, corn starch, corn flour, and rice flour, were tested for CD production. Raw potato starch granules were found to be the best substrate giving 13.46 gm/L of cyclodextrins after 1 h of incubation at 60°C. Raw sago starch gave 12.96 gm/L of cyclodextrins as the second best substrate. To achieve the maximum cyclodextrin production, statistical optimization using Central Composite Design (CCD) was carried out with three parameters, namely, potato starch concentration, CGTase enzyme concentration, and incubation temperature. Cyclodextrin production of 28.22 (gm/L) was achieved with the optimized parameters suggested by the model which are CGTase 4.8 U/L, starch 150 gm/L, and temperature 55.6°C. The suggested optimized conditions showed about 15% increase in β-cyclodextrin production (28.22 gm/L) at 55.6°C as compared to 24.48 gm/L at 60°C. The degradation of raw potato starch granules by purified CGTase was also confirmed by microscopic observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiransinh N. Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380 009, India
| | - Kamlesh C. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120, India
| | - Ujjval B. Trivedi
- Department of Microbiology, BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Sardar Patel University, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120, India
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Eş I, Ribeiro MC, dos Santos Júnior SR, Khaneghah AM, Rodriguez AG, Amaral AC. Production of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by immobilized Bacillus sp. on chitosan matrix. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1487-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ramirez Pérez HL. Production and characterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus.sp isolated from Cuban Soil. SCIENCEOPEN RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-chem.asglim.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) from an alkaliphilic Bacillus.sp strain, isolated from Cuba soil, was purified with Sephadex G-50 with a yield of 66.5 %. The CGTase was stable over a very wide pH range, 6.0 –10, at 25°C and was most active at pH 7.5. The enzyme exhibited an optimum temperature of 60°C and was stable to 50°C for at least 8 h. The T50 value – defined as the temperature at which 50% of the initial activity was retained– was 63 °C in this enzyme . The influence of substrate or product concentration on the initial rate of CD production was studied and the kinetic parameters were determined. The analysis of kinetic parameters Km and Vmax was obtained by the action of CGTase on the starch of corn with respect to β-CD and the values were 4.1 g/L and 5,2 μM β-CD/min ml respectively.. The purified CGTase from Bacillus.sp could be used for an efficient cyclodextrin production which significant yield of γ-cyclodextrins.
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Sanjari S, Vahabzadeh F, Naderifar A, Pesaran M. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer coefficients of airlift reactors with net draft tubes of different sizes: Production of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase usingBacillussp. DSM 2523. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sanjari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vahabzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Naderifar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdi Pesaran
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Department of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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Li C, Huang M, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li Z. Nanosilica sol leads to further increase in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000-enhanced thermostability of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2919-2924. [PMID: 24641510 DOI: 10.1021/jf500322b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A major disadvantage of cyclodextrin production is the limited thermostability of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. The ability of combinations of nanosilica sol with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 to enhance the thermostability of the β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans was investigated. It was found that 10% PEG 1000 combined with 0.05% nanosilica sol could activate the β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by 17.2%. Furthermore, 0.05% nanosilica sol leads to further increase in PEG 1000-enhanced thermostability of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. With the simultaneous addition of 10% PEG 1000 and 0.05% nanosilica into the enzyme solution, which was allowed to incubate for 60 min at 60 °C, 61.3% of β-cyclodextrin-forming activity could be retained, which was much higher than that with only 10% PEG 1000 added. Atomic force microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism analysis indicated that silica nanoparticles helped PEG 1000 further protect the tertiary and secondary structures of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. This study provides an effective approach for improving the thermostability of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, ‡School of Food Science and Technology, and §Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Ibrahim ASS, Al-Salamah AA, El-Tayeb MA, El-Badawi YB, Antranikian G. A novel cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Alkaliphilic Amphibacillus sp. NPST-10: purification and properties. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10505-10522. [PMID: 22949876 PMCID: PMC3431874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase)-producing alkaliphilic bacteria from samples collected from hyper saline soda lakes (Wadi Natrun Valley, Egypt), resulted in isolation of potent CGTase producing alkaliphilic bacterium, termed NPST-10. 16S rDNA sequence analysis identified the isolate as Amphibacillus sp. CGTase was purified to homogeneity up to 22.1 fold by starch adsorption and anion exchange chromatography with a yield of 44.7%. The purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with an estimated molecular weight of 92 kDa using SDS-PAGE. Catalytic activities of the enzyme were found to be 88.8 U mg−1 protein, 20.0 U mg−1 protein and 11.0 U mg−1 protein for cyclization, coupling and hydrolytic activities, respectively. The enzyme was stable over a wide pH range from pH 5.0 to 11.0, with a maximal activity at pH 8.0. CGTase exhibited activity over a wide temperature range from 45 °C to 70 °C, with maximal activity at 50 °C and was stable at 30 °C to 55 °C for at least 1 h. Thermal stability of the purified enzyme could be significantly improved in the presence of CaCl2. Km and Vmax values were estimated using soluble starch as a substrate to be 1.7 ± 0.15 mg/mL and 100 ± 2.0 μmol/min, respectively. CGTase was significantly inhibited in the presence of Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ba2+, Cd2+, and 2-mercaptoethanol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CGTase production by Amphibacillus sp. The achieved high conversion of insoluble raw corn starch into cyclodextrins (67.2%) with production of mainly β-CD (86.4%), makes Amphibacillus sp. NPST-10 desirable for the cyclodextrin production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser S. S. Ibrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.A.A.-S.); (M.A.E.-T.); (Y.B.E.-B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +966-1-4675870
| | - Ali A. Al-Salamah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.A.A.-S.); (M.A.E.-T.); (Y.B.E.-B.)
| | - Mohamed A. El-Tayeb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.A.A.-S.); (M.A.E.-T.); (Y.B.E.-B.)
| | - Yahya B. El-Badawi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (A.A.A.-S.); (M.A.E.-T.); (Y.B.E.-B.)
| | - Garabed Antranikian
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Kasernenstrasse 12, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; E-Mail:
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Matte CR, Nunes MR, Benvenutti EV, Schöffer JDN, Ayub MAZ, Hertz PF. Characterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase immobilized on silica microspheres via aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as a “spacer arm”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Letsididi R, Sun T, Mu W, Kessy N, Djakpo O, Jiang B. Production of a Thermoactive Β-cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase with a High Starch Hydrolytic Activity from an Alkalitolerant Bacillus Licheniformis Sk 13.002 Strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbkr.2011.214.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Atanasova N, Kitayska T, Bojadjieva I, Yankov D, Tonkova A. A novel cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudalcaliphilus 20RF: Purification and properties. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A novel cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus sphaericus strain 41: Production, characterization and catalytic properties. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gastón JAR, Szerman N, Costa H, Krymkiewicz N, Ferrarotti SA. Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans DF 9R: Activity and kinetic studies. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kelly RM, Dijkhuizen L, Leemhuis H. The evolution of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase product specificity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:119-33. [PMID: 19367403 PMCID: PMC2714454 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) have attracted major interest from industry due to their unique capacity of forming large quantities of cyclic alpha-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides (cyclodextrins) from starch. CGTases produce a mixture of cyclodextrins from starch consisting of 6 (alpha), 7 (beta) and 8 (gamma) glucose units. In an effort to identify the structural factors contributing to the evolutionary diversification of product specificity amongst this group of enzymes, we selected nine CGTases from both mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms for comparative product analysis. These enzymes displayed considerable variation regarding thermostability, initial rates, percentage of substrate conversion and ratio of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins formed from starch. Sequence comparison of these CGTases revealed that specific incorporation and/or substitution of amino acids at the substrate binding sites, during the evolutionary progression of these enzymes, resulted in diversification of cyclodextrin product specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan M Kelly
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, the Netherlands
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Zhekova B, Dobrev G, Stanchev V, Pishtiyski I. Approaches for yield increase of β-cyclodextrin formed by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus megaterium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-9985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cyclodextrin production by Bacillus firmus strain 37 immobilized on inorganic matrices and alginate gel. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Goh KM, Mahadi NM, Hassan O, Abdul Rahman RNZR, Illias RM. The effects of reaction conditions on the production of γ-cyclodextrin from tapioca starch by using a novel recombinant engineered CGTase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Production and characterization of a new cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus firmus isolated from Brazilian soil. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jemli S, Messaoud EB, Ayadi-Zouari D, Naili B, Khemakhem B, Bejar S. A β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from a newly isolated Paenibacillus pabuli US132 strain: Purification, properties and potential use in bread-making. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pishtiyski I, Zhekova B. Effect of different substrates and their preliminary treatment on cyclodextrin production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-9004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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