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Synthesized and Designed New Modified Poly(vinyl chloride) Structures to Enhance Their Photo-Resistance Characteristics. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized and designed four new modified poly(vinyl chloride) structures to develop various polymer derivatives to enhance their photo-stability. Commercially available poly(vinyl chloride) was synthetically modified into a polymer containing aromatic Schiff base moieties. First, the PVC polymer was reacted with ethylene diamine from one side by using an equivalent of extra ethylene diamine to increase the probability of preventing cross-linking versus a two-sided reaction. In the second step, the corresponding aldehydes were reacted with an amino group to create the Schiff base new molecules. Different approaches were applied to confirm the structures of synthesized modified polymers such as FTIR, 1H NMR, and EDX. Using these methods, the structures and the percentage of modification for the studied materials were demonstrated. The percentage of modification exhibited between 30–35% using integration in the 1H NMR spectra and EDX analytical composition percentage of elements. In order to lessen the photo-degradation of the PVC polymeric chains, synthetic compounds have been employed as photo-stabilizers of the PVC films. In order to assess the effectiveness of modified PVC as a photo-stabilizer, a variety of techniques were used, including the weight loss method and monitoring the development of different functional groups while being exposed to radiation using FTIR spectra. Utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microscope pictures, the surface morphology of produced polymers was also investigated. These experiments demonstrated that novel modified Schiff base polymers perform as excellent photo-stabilizers in comparison to pure PVC. As a result, after being exposed to UV light for 300 h, PVC films exhibit less photo-degradation than blank PVC, so that light in the UV range may be absorbed by the connected units’ high conjugation mechanism.
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Synthesis of New Norfloxacin-Tin Complexes to Mitigate the Effect of Ultraviolet-Visible Irradiation in Polyvinyl Chloride Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142812. [PMID: 35890588 PMCID: PMC9324004 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride is used in the manufacturing of a wide range of products, but it is susceptible to degradation if exposed to high temperatures and sunlight. There is therefore a need to continuously explore the design, synthesis, and application of new and improved additives to reduce the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride in harsh environments and for outdoor applications. This research investigates the use of new norfloxacin–tin complexes as additives to inhibit the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride to make it last longer. Reactions between norfloxacin and substituted tin chlorides, in different molar ratios and in methanol under reflux conditions, gave the corresponding organotin complexes in high yields. The chemical structures of the synthesized complexes were established, and their effect on the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride due to ultraviolet-visible irradiation was investigated. Norfloxacin–tin complexes were added to polyvinyl chloride at very low concentrations and homogenous thin films were made. The films were irradiated for a period of up to 300 h, and the damage that occurred was assessed using infrared spectroscopy, polymeric materials weight loss, depression in molecular weight, and surface inspection. The degree of photodegradation in the polymeric materials was much less in the blends containing norfloxacin–tin complexes compared to the case where no additives were used. The use of the additives leads to a reduction in photodegradation (e.g., a reduction in the formation of short-chain polymeric fragments, weight loss, average molecular weight depletion, and roughness factor) of irradiated polyvinyl chloride. The norfloxacin–tin complexes contain aromatic moieties (aryl and heterocycle), heteroatoms (nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine), and an acidic center (tin atom). Therefore, they act as efficient photostabilizers by absorbing the ultraviolet radiation and scavenging hydrogen chloride, peroxides, and radical species, thereby slowing the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride.
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The Facile Strategy of Improving the Long-Term Stability of Highly Transparent Polyvinyl Chloride by Introducing Unsaturated Zn Oleate and Uracil Derivatives. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072672. [PMID: 35408009 PMCID: PMC9000714 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the initial color and the long-term heat stability of super-transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a series of composite heat stabilizers consisting of unsaturated Zn oleate and uracil derivatives have been designed in this paper. The uracil derivatives are 1,3-dimethyl-6-amino-uracil (DAU) and 6,6′-diamino-1,1′,3,3′-tetramethyl-5,5′-(ethylidene)bisuracil (OSU). The static thermal stability, dynamic thermal stability, and transparency were used to evaluate the properties of the stabilized transparent PVC sheets. The results indicate that the compatibility between the stabilizer and PVC was greatly enhanced by introducing an unsaturated long-chain Zn oleate and a long alkyl chain bisuracil derivative. Through the thermal discoloration test, the best ratio of DAU/zinc oleate (DAU/Zn) and OSU/zinc oleate (OSU/Zn) was determined to be 4:1, with a total amount of 3 phr in 100 phr PVC. It was verified that the combination of zinc oleate with uracil derivatives could improve the long-term thermal stability of PVC, and the DAU/Zn was better than that of the OSU/Zn. In addition, through the transmission/haze verification, adding a proper amount of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and phosphite ester to the OSU/Zn system has a certain synergistic effect. The thermal stability and transparency of PVC can be remarkably enhanced.
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Wang M, Wang G, Song X, Jia P, Zhou B, Bu Q, Yuan S. The thermal stabilization behavior and mechanism of metal organic framework with high thermal stability towards PVC. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermal stabilizer plays a crucial role in improving the thermal stability of PVC samples. However, the effect of thermal behavior of stabilizer itself on PVC sample has been rarely reported....
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Yaseen AA, Yousif E, Al-Tikrity ETB, El-Hiti GA, Kariuki BM, Ahmed DS, Bufaroosha M. FTIR, Weight, and Surface Morphology of Poly(vinyl chloride) Doped with Tin Complexes Containing Aromatic and Heterocyclic Moieties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193264. [PMID: 34641080 PMCID: PMC8512238 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is an important synthetic plastic that is produced in large quantities (millions of tons) annually. Additives to PVC are necessary to allow its use in many applications, particularly in harsh conditions. In regard to this, investigation of the synthesis of trimethoprim–tin complexes and their use as PVC additives is reported. Trimethoprim–tin complexes were obtained from the reaction of trimethoprim and tin chlorides using simple procedures. Trimethoprim–tin complexes (0.5% by weight) were added to PVC to produce homogenous mixtures and thin films were made. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the surface and properties of the PVC films was investigated. The level of both photodecomposition and photo-oxidation of PVC films containing trimethoprim–tin complexes was observed to be lower than for the blank film. The effectiveness of tin complexes as PVC photostabilizers reflects the aromaticity of the additives. The complex containing three phenyl groups attached to the tin cation showed the most stabilizing effect on PVC. The complex containing two phenyl groups was next, with the one containing butyl substituents resulting in the least stabilization of PVC. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the role of the synthesized complexes in PVC photostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaheed A. Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq; (A.A.Y.); (E.T.B.A.-T.)
| | - Emad Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq;
| | - Emaad T. B. Al-Tikrity
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq; (A.A.Y.); (E.T.B.A.-T.)
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-11469-3778; Fax: +966-11469-3536
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Dina S. Ahmed
- Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq;
| | - Muna Bufaroosha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain 1818, United Arab Emirates;
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Ye W, Chen Q, Chen Z, Wen Z, Liao Z. Improvement of the processability and thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) with 5,6‐diamino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ye
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhengfu Liao
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
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Mohammed A, El-Hiti GA, Yousif E, Ahmed AA, Ahmed DS, Alotaibi MH. Protection of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films against Photodegradation Using Various Valsartan Tin Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040969. [PMID: 32326307 PMCID: PMC7240378 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) is a common plastic that is widely used in many industrial applications. Poly(vinyl chloride) is mixed with additives to improve its mechanical and physical properties and to enable its use in harsh environments. Herein, to protect poly(vinyl chloride) films against photoirradiation with ultraviolet light, a number of tin complexes containing valsartan were synthesized and their chemical structures were established. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, and molecular weight determination showed that the non-desirable changes were lower in the films containing the tin complexes than for the blank polymeric films. Analysis of the surface morphology of the irradiated polymeric materials showed that the films containing additives were less rough than the irradiated blank film. The tin complexes protected the poly(vinyl chloride) films against irradiation, where the complexes with high aromaticity were particularly effective. The additives act as primary and secondary stabilizers that absorb the incident radiation and slowly remit it to the polymeric chain as heat energy over time at a harmless level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq;
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (G.A.E.-H.); (E.Y.); (M.H.A.); Tel.: +966-11469-3778 (G.A.E.-H.); Fax: +966-11469-3536 (G.A.E.-H.)
| | - Emad Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq;
- Correspondence: (G.A.E.-H.); (E.Y.); (M.H.A.); Tel.: +966-11469-3778 (G.A.E.-H.); Fax: +966-11469-3536 (G.A.E.-H.)
| | - Ahmed A. Ahmed
- Polymer Research Unit, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Dina S. Ahmed
- Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq;
| | - Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi
- National Center for Petrochemicals Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (G.A.E.-H.); (E.Y.); (M.H.A.); Tel.: +966-11469-3778 (G.A.E.-H.); Fax: +966-11469-3536 (G.A.E.-H.)
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Verma A, Soni RK, Teotia M. Prevention of poly(vinyl chloride) degradation through organic terephthalamides generated from poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Department of ChemistryChaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut Uttar Pradesh 250 004 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Soni
- Department of ChemistryChaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut Uttar Pradesh 250 004 India
| | - Meenu Teotia
- Department of ChemistryChaudhary Charan Singh University Meerut Uttar Pradesh 250 004 India
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Arafa WAA, Ibrahim HM. Sustainable and scalable synthesis of polysubstituted bis-1,2,4-triazoles, bis-2-iminothiazolines and bis-thiobarbiturates using bis- N, N-disubstituted thioureas as versatile substrate. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181963. [PMID: 31312476 PMCID: PMC6599792 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An expedient and tandem regioselective one-pot protocol for the sono-synthesis of bis-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-yl amines and bis-2-iminothiazolines from corresponding bis-1,3-disubstituted thioureas has been developed. The products' regioselectivity correlate well with the pK as of the parent amines, in which the amine possessing higher pK a goes to the ring nitrogen, whereas the other nitrogen remains flanked as an exocyclic nitrogen of the bis-triazole or bis-thiazole moieties. Further, the sonochemical preparation of both bis-5-(2-nitrobenzylidene) thiobarbiturates and bis-2-thioxoimidazolidine-4,5-diones from bis-1,3-disubstituted thioureas has also been achieved. The obtained bis-5-(2-nitrobenzylidene)thiobarbiturates easily underwent reductive cyclization to afford the corresponding bis-5-benzo[c]isoxazol-3-ylidenethiobarbiturates. The scope and limitations of these strategies have been studied. Moreover, the suggested methodologies have advantages such as broad functional group tolerance, mild conditions, operational simplicity and applicability on a gram scale. Furthermore, the protocols scored well in a number of green metrics, subsequently showing these approaches to be environmentally benign and sustainable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abdelgayed Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, PO Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, PO Box 63514 Fayoum City, Egypt
| | - Hamada Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, PO Box 63514 Fayoum City, Egypt
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Kavlak İ, Kürkçüoğlu GS, Şahin O. Investigation of structural analysis and thermostatic properties of thermal and UV stabilizer as organometallic Sn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) barbiturate complexes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Bis-uracil based high efficient heat stabilizers used in super transparent soft poly (vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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13
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Sree KB, Kumar YM, Gopal N, Ramu C. Preparation and characterization of pure and copper-doped PVC films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pure and Cu2+-doped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer films were prepared using the solution cast technique. Investigations were conducted using DSC, TGA, XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, SEM and EPR. Differential scanning calorimetry studies suggested that the Cu2+ samples have higher values of the glass transition (T
g) temperature, and thermo gravimetric studies show that weight loss of polymer film indicates the improved thermal stability of the polymer film. The features of the complexation of the polymer films were studied by X-ray diffraction. FT-IR spectra exhibits the bands in three regions, which are attributed to C–Cl, C–C and numerous CH groups of stretching and bending vibrations. The absorption spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range 200–900 nm. The absorption edge, direct bandgap, indirect bandgap and urbach energy have been evaluated. Film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. XRD, DSC and SEM reveal the amorphous nature and surface morphology of polymer films, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies were used to calculate the number of spins and paramagnetic susceptibility as a function of dopant concentration, all the Cu2+-doped PVC samples exhibit signal with g values g
⊥=2.176 and g
||=2.254. The observed variation in the EPR signal intensity is due to variation in the dopant concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bhagya Sree
- Department of Physics, Vikrama Simhapuri University, PG Centre, Kavali 524201, India
| | - Y. Madhava Kumar
- Department of Physics, Vikrama Simhapuri University, PG Centre, Kavali 524201, India
| | - N.O. Gopal
- Department of Physics, Vikrama Simhapuri University, PG Centre, Kavali 524201, India
| | - Ch. Ramu
- Department of Physics, Vikrama Simhapuri University, PG Centre, Kavali 524201, India
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14
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Wang M, Xia J, Jiang J, Li S, Huang K, Mao W, Li M. A novel liquid Ca/Zn thermal stabilizer synthesized from tung-maleic anhydride and its effects on thermal stability and mechanical properties of PVC. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Kuvshinova SA, Syrbu ES, Novikov IV, Burmistrov VA, Koifman OI. Phenyl benzoate derivatives with anisotropic molecular structure as stabilizers for formulations based on plasticized polyvinyl chloride. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427215020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Wen X, Yang Z, Yan J, Xie X. Green preparation and characterization of a novel heat stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)–hydrocalumites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocalumites are successfully prepared by using Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and Na2CO3 with different reaction times and crystallization times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
- Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Students Training
| | - Zhanhong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
- Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Students Training
| | - Xiaoe Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
- Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Students Training
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Chen G, Gu L, Yao Y. A novel zinc-containing additive for the long-term thermal stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Efficiency and mechanism for the stabilizing action of N,N'-bis(phenylcarbamoyl)alkyldiamines as thermal stabilizers and co-stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Investigation of basic zinc cyanurate as a novel thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride) and its synergistic effect with calcium stearate. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Xu X, Chen S, Tang W, Qu Y, Wang X. Synthesis and application of uracil derivatives as novel thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Fahmy MM, Mohamed RR, Mohamed NA. Novel antimicrobial organic thermal stabilizer and co-stabilizer for rigid PVC. Molecules 2012; 17:7927-40. [PMID: 22751259 PMCID: PMC6268415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17077927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active N-benzoyl-4-(N-maleimido)-phenylhydrazide (BMPH) was synthesized and its structure was confirmed by elemental analysis and various spectral tools. It was examined as a thermal stabilizer and co-stabilizer for rigid poly (vinyl chloride) at 180 °C in air. Blending BMPH with reference samples in different ratios greatly lengthens the thermal stability value and improves the extent of discoloration of PVC. TGA confirmed the improved stability of PVC in presence of the investigated organic stabilizer. GPC measurements were done to investigate the changes occurred in the molecular masses of the degraded samples of blank PVC and PVC in presence of the novel stabilizer. BMPH showed good antimicrobial activity towards two kinds of bacteria and two kinds of fungi.
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Xu S, Li D, Yu X, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhou M, Tang S. Study on pentaerythritol-zinc as a novel thermal stabilizer for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Li S, Yao Y. Effect of thermal stabilizers composed of zinc barbiturate and calcium stearate for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tong M, Chen H, Yang Z, Wen R. The effect of Zn-Al-hydrotalcites composited with calcium stearate and β-diketone on the thermal stability of PVC. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1756-66. [PMID: 21673921 PMCID: PMC3111632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A clean-route synthesis of Zn-Al-hydrotalcites (Zn-Al-LDHs) using zinc oxide and sodium aluminate solution has been developed. The as-obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of metal ions at different molar ratios on the performance of hydrotalcites were discussed. The results showed that the Zn-Al-hydrotalcites can be successfully synthesized at three different Zn/Al ratios of 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1. Thermal aging tests of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mixed with Zn-Al-LDHs, calcium stearate (CaSt2) and β-diketone were carried out in a thermal aging test box by observing the color change. The results showed that Zn-Al-LDHs can not only enhance the stability of PVC significantly due to the improved capacity of HCl-adsorption but also increase the initial stability and ensure good-initial coloring due to the presence of the Zn element. The effects of various amounts of Zn-Al-LDHs, CaSt2 and β-diketone on the thermal stability of PVC were discussed. The optimum composition was determined to be 0.1 g Zn-Al-LDHs, 0.15 g CaSt2 and 0.25 g β-diketone in 5 g PVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Tong
- Hunan Chemical Vocational and Technical College, Zhuzhou 412004, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hongyan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Zhanhong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (R.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-731-88879616
| | - Runjuan Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (R.W.)
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Yi S, Yang ZH, Wang SW, Liu DR, Wang SQ, Liu QY, Chi WW. Effects of MgAlCe-CO3 layered double hydroxides on the thermal stability of PVC resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nishat N, Zulfequar M, Asma, Hasnain S. Synthesis, spectral, and antibacterial screening studies of chelating polymers of bisphenol-A–formaldehyde resin bearing barbituric acid. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958971003728296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Nishat
- a Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia University , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - M. Zulfequar
- b Department of Physics , Jamia Millia Islamia University , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asma
- a Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia University , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sumaiya Hasnain
- a Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia University , New Delhi 110025, India
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Liu J, Chen G, Yang J, Ding L. Thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Liu J, Shang H, Zheng Y, Song X. Synthesis and evaluation of poly(dioctyltin maleate-styrene-methyl acrylate) as a stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mohamed NA, Fahmi MM. N-(Substituted phenyl)itaconimide–phenyl salicylate blends as organic stabilizers for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) against photo-degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fahmi MM, Mohamed NA. N-(Substituted phenyl) itaconimides as organic stabilizers for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) against photo-degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shu YC, Chuang FS, Tsen WC, Chow JD, Gong C, Wen S. Sulfonated poly(ether imide) and poly(ether sulfone) blends for direct methanol fuel cells. I. Sulfonation of PEI and characterization of the products. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Part XII: N-phenyl-3-substituted-5-pyrazolone derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vinhas GM, Souto-Maior RM, Almeida YMBD. Estudo de propriedades de PVC modificado com grupos alquila e benzila. POLIMEROS 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282005000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
O poli(cloreto de vinila) (PVC) é o segundo termoplástico mais consumido em todo o mundo, sendo considerado o mais versátil dentre os plásticos. A grande versatilidade do PVC deve-se a suas propriedades e também a sua adequação aos mais variados processos de transformação. Uma vez que a resina de PVC é atóxica e inerte, a escolha de aditivos com essas mesmas características, permite a fabricação de filmes para embalagens de alimentos e produtos médico-hospitalares. Entretanto, suas propriedades podem se alterar quando submetido a qualquer processo de esterilização, especialmente por radiação gama. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo sobre a flexibilidade e estabilidade frente à radiação gama do PVC modificado quimicamente. O PVC foi modificado pela substituição de átomos de cloro por grupos alquila e benzila através de reações com reagentes de Grignard. Amostras de PVC modificado foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN ¹H), espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e calorimetria diferencial exploratória. A degradação do PVC modificado, quando submetido à radiação gama, foi avaliada por seus parâmetros viscosimétricos. De uma forma geral, o PVC modificado apresentou maior estabilidade à radiação gama que o original. O polímero modificado por substituição do cloro por grupo que contém um anel aromático foi o que apresentou maior estabilidade, quando submetido à dose de esterilização de 25 kGy. O PVC modificado apresentou temperaturas de transição vítrea ligeiramente mais baixas que o PVC original, indicando uma tendência ao aumento de flexibilidade pela presença de grupos alquila e benzila na cadeia do polímero.
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Vinhas GM, Souto Maior RM, de Almeida YM. Radiolytic degradation and stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sabaa M, Mohamed N, Oraby E, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) VI. Effect of mixing p-chloro-N-phenylphthalimide with some commercial stabilizers. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mohamed N, Sabaa M, Oraby E, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) VII. Effect of mixing 2-benzimidazolyl-ω-phenylpropenylidineacetonitrile with some commercial stabilizers. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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N-(Substituted phenyl)itaconimides as organic stabilizers for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) against thermal degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) IX. N-Benzoyl-N′-p-substituted phenylthiourea derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sabaa MW, Mohamed RR, Yassin AA. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride).Part X: N-acryloyl-N′-p-substituted phenylthiourea derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sabaa MW, Mohamed RR, Yassin AA. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) VIII. Phenylurea and phenylthiourea derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sabaa M, Mohamed N, Oraby E, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) V. Benzimidazolylacetonitrile and some of its derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mohamed N, Sabaa M, Oraby E, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) IV. N-Arylphthalimides. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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N-(Substituted phenyl)itaconimides as organic stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) against thermal degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mohamed N, Sabaa M, Khalil K, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) III. Crotonal and cinnamal thiobarbituric acids. Polym Degrad Stab 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) II. Benzal thiobarbituric acid and some of its derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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