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The Facile Strategy of Improving the Long-Term Stability of Highly Transparent Polyvinyl Chloride by Introducing Unsaturated Zn Oleate and Uracil Derivatives. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072672. [PMID: 35408009 PMCID: PMC9000714 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the initial color and the long-term heat stability of super-transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a series of composite heat stabilizers consisting of unsaturated Zn oleate and uracil derivatives have been designed in this paper. The uracil derivatives are 1,3-dimethyl-6-amino-uracil (DAU) and 6,6′-diamino-1,1′,3,3′-tetramethyl-5,5′-(ethylidene)bisuracil (OSU). The static thermal stability, dynamic thermal stability, and transparency were used to evaluate the properties of the stabilized transparent PVC sheets. The results indicate that the compatibility between the stabilizer and PVC was greatly enhanced by introducing an unsaturated long-chain Zn oleate and a long alkyl chain bisuracil derivative. Through the thermal discoloration test, the best ratio of DAU/zinc oleate (DAU/Zn) and OSU/zinc oleate (OSU/Zn) was determined to be 4:1, with a total amount of 3 phr in 100 phr PVC. It was verified that the combination of zinc oleate with uracil derivatives could improve the long-term thermal stability of PVC, and the DAU/Zn was better than that of the OSU/Zn. In addition, through the transmission/haze verification, adding a proper amount of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and phosphite ester to the OSU/Zn system has a certain synergistic effect. The thermal stability and transparency of PVC can be remarkably enhanced.
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Ye W, Chen Q, Chen Z, Wen Z, Liao Z. Improvement of the processability and thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) with 5,6‐diamino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ye
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhengfu Liao
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
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Kavlak İ, Kürkçüoğlu GS, Şahin O. Investigation of structural analysis and thermostatic properties of thermal and UV stabilizer as organometallic Sn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) barbiturate complexes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Bis-uracil based high efficient heat stabilizers used in super transparent soft poly (vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang M, Xia J, Jiang J, Li S, Huang K, Mao W, Li M. A novel liquid Ca/Zn thermal stabilizer synthesized from tung-maleic anhydride and its effects on thermal stability and mechanical properties of PVC. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen G, Gu L, Yao Y. A novel zinc-containing additive for the long-term thermal stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Efficiency and mechanism for the stabilizing action of N,N'-bis(phenylcarbamoyl)alkyldiamines as thermal stabilizers and co-stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kalita SJ, Mecadon H, Chandra Deka D. Reaction of 6-aminouracils with aldehydes in water as both solvent and reactant under FeCl3·6H2O catalysis: towards 5-alkyl/arylidenebarbituric acids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Alkyl/arylidenebarbituric acids were efficiently synthesized through an FeCl3·6H2O catalyzed domino reaction of 6-aminouracils, water and aldehydes with water serving a dual role as both solvent and reactant, under benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hormi Mecadon
- Department of Chemistry. University of Gauhati
- Guwahati 781014, India
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Xu X, Chen S, Tang W, Qu Y, Wang X. Synthesis and application of uracil derivatives as novel thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Li S, Yao Y. Effect of thermal stabilizers composed of zinc barbiturate and calcium stearate for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Seeliger F, Berger STA, Remennikov GY, Polborn K, Mayr H. Electrophilicity of 5-Benzylidene-1,3-dimethylbarbituric and -thiobarbituric Acids. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9170-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo071273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Seeliger
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Stefan T. A. Berger
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Grygoriy Y. Remennikov
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Kurt Polborn
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie und Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Mohamed NA, Fahmi MM. N-(Substituted phenyl)itaconimide–phenyl salicylate blends as organic stabilizers for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) against photo-degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Fahmi MM, Mohamed NA. N-(Substituted phenyl) itaconimides as organic stabilizers for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) against photo-degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Part XII: N-phenyl-3-substituted-5-pyrazolone derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Long-term heat stabilisation by (natural) polyols in heavy metal- and zinc-free poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sabaa M, Mohamed N, Oraby E, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) VI. Effect of mixing p-chloro-N-phenylphthalimide with some commercial stabilizers. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mohamed N, Sabaa M, Oraby E, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) VII. Effect of mixing 2-benzimidazolyl-ω-phenylpropenylidineacetonitrile with some commercial stabilizers. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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N-(Substituted phenyl)itaconimides as organic stabilizers for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) against thermal degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) IX. N-Benzoyl-N′-p-substituted phenylthiourea derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sabaa MW, Mohamed RR, Yassin AA. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride).Part X: N-acryloyl-N′-p-substituted phenylthiourea derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sabaa MW, Mohamed RR, Yassin AA. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) VIII. Phenylurea and phenylthiourea derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sabaa M, Mohamed N, Oraby E, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) V. Benzimidazolylacetonitrile and some of its derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Mohamed N, Sabaa M, Oraby E, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) IV. N-Arylphthalimides. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Qu L, Tian W, Shu W. Stabilization mechanism of antimony mercaptides in poly(vinyl chloride): ab initio theory studies. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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N-(Substituted phenyl)itaconimides as organic stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) against thermal degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Mohamed N, Sabaa M, Khalil K, Yassin A. Organic thermal stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) III. Crotonal and cinnamal thiobarbituric acids. Polym Degrad Stab 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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