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Biver T, Bianchi S, Carosi MR, Ceccarini A, Corti A, Manco E, Castelvetro V. Selective determination of poly(styrene) and polyolefin microplastics in sandy beach sediments by gel permeation chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:269-275. [PMID: 30509807 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics generated by plastics waste degradation are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater basins, posing serious environmental concerns. Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, along with techniques such as pyrolysis-GC/MS, are typically used for their identification. We present a procedure based on gel permeation chromatography (GPC) coupled with fluorescence detection for semi-quantitative selective determination of the most common microplastics found in marine shoreline sediments: poly(styrene) (PS) and partially degraded polyolefins (LDPEox). By operating the detector at either 260/280 or 370/420 nm excitation/emission wavelengths PS can be distinguished from LDPEox upon GPC separation. Semi-quantitative determination of microplastics contents is also possible: dichloromethane extracts of PS and LDPEox yield linear plots of fluorescence peak area vs concentration (0-5.0 mg/mL range) and were used as reference materials for quantification of the microplastics content in sand samples collected in the winter berm and dune sectors of a Tuscany beach in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Carosi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Ceccarini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Corti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Manco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Steffen R, Wallner G, Rekstad J, Röder B. General characteristics of photoluminescence from dry heat aged polymeric materials. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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François-Heude A, Richaud E, Guinault A, Desnoux E, Colin X. Impact of oxygen transport properties on polypropylene thermal oxidation, part 1: Effect of oxygen solubility. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre François-Heude
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory; (CNRS UMR 8006) Paris France
- Renault, DETC-A department; Guyancourt France
| | - Emmanuel Richaud
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory; (CNRS UMR 8006) Paris France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory; (CNRS UMR 8006) Paris France
| | | | - Xavier Colin
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory; (CNRS UMR 8006) Paris France
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Belkahla N, Teyssedre G, Saidi-Amroun N, Saidi M, Boudou L, Berquez L. Space charge, conduction and photoluminescence measurements in gamma irradiated poly (ethylene-2,6-naphthalate). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The effect of γ-ray irradiation on thermal oxidation of additive-free polypropylene pellets investigated by multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yano A, Akai N, Ishii H, Satoh C, Hironiwa T, Millington KR, Nakata M. Thermal oxidative degradation of additive-free polypropylene pellets investigated by multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectroscopy. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sago T, Ishii H, Hagihara H, Takada N, Suda H. Analysis of chemiluminescence spectra in oxidative degradation of oleic acid. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Millington KR, Ishii H, Maurdev G. Chemiluminescence from thermal oxidation of amino acids and proteins. Amino Acids 2009; 38:1395-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang X, Chen X, Yu W, Ji Y, Hu X, Xu J. Applications of rheological torque–time curves to the study of thermooxidative degradation of polypropylene powder. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nedelčev T, Krupa I, Csomorová K, Janigová I, Rychlý J. Synthesis and characterization of the new silane-based antioxidant containing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenolic stabilizing moiety. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Many oxidation reactions of organic materials, including polymers, are accompanied by the emission of weak chemiluminescence (CL). From a study of the mechanism of this weak CL, it is shown that the time development of the CL intensity may provide the kinetics of the oxidation reaction and is thus a sensitive probe of the degradation of the material. The intensity of emission reflects the concentration of peroxidic species in the material. Whereas the kinetics of the oxidation may be described by a series of elementary, homogeneous free radical reactions, the use of imaging techniques has shown that the oxidation of polymers such as polypropylene is highly heterogeneous. A model that describes the oxidation as spreading through the material as an infection from a number of initiating sites is able to rationalize these observations and provide a new approach to the prediction of the useful lifetime of a polymeric material.
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Elvira M, Tiemblo P, Gómez-Elvira J. Changes in the crystalline phase during the thermo-oxidation of a metallocene isotactic polypropylene. A DSC study. Polym Degrad Stab 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Matisová-Rychlá L, Rychlý J, George G. Chemiluminescence from thermal oxidation of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide). Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blakey I, George GA, Billingham NC. Energy Transfer and Activated Chemiluminescence during Thermal Oxidation of Polypropylene: Evidence for Chemically Induced Electron Exchange Luminescence. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010217t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Blakey
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4001; and School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Graeme A. George
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4001; and School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Norman C. Billingham
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4001; and School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
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Blakey I, George GA. Simultaneous FTIR Emission Spectroscopy and Chemiluminescence of Oxidizing Polypropylene: Evidence for Alternate Chemiluminescence Mechanisms. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001206n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Blakey
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graeme A. George
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Rychlý J, Matisová-Rychlá L, Tiemblo P, Gomez-Elvira J. The effect of physical parameters of isotactic polypropylene on its oxidisability measured by chemiluminescence method. Contribution to the spreading phenomenon. Polym Degrad Stab 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tiemblo P, Gómez-Elvira J, Teyssedre G, Laurent C. Degradative luminescent processes in atactic polypropylene II. Chemiluminescence after a cold He plasma attack at −180°C. Polym Degrad Stab 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Photo-oxidation of thick isotactic polypropylene films II. Evolution of the low temperature relaxations and of the melting endotherm along the kinetic stages. Polym Degrad Stab 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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A representation of the autoacceleration stage of polypropylene thermooxidation in reduced coordinates. Polym Degrad Stab 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(99)00117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Photo-oxidation of thick isotactic polypropylene films I. Characterisation of the heterogeneous degradation kinetics. Polym Degrad Stab 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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