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Antmen E, Demirci U, Hasirci V. Micropatterned Surfaces Expose the Coupling between Actin Cytoskeleton-Lamin/Nesprin and Nuclear Deformability of Breast Cancer Cells with Different Malignancies. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000048. [PMID: 33724728 PMCID: PMC9049775 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction proteins transfer mechanical stimuli through nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling and affect the nuclear morphology of cancer cells. However, the contribution of actin filament integrity has never been studied directly. It is hypothesized that differences in nuclear deformability of cancer cells are influenced by the integrity of actin filaments. In this study, transparent micropatterned surfaces as simple tools to screen cytoskeletal and nuclear distortions are presented. Surfaces decorated with micropillars are used to culture and image breast cancer cells and quantify their deformation using shape descriptors (circularity, area, perimeter). Using two drugs (cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide), actin filaments are disrupted. Deformation of cells on micropillars is decreased upon drug treatment as shown by increased circularity. However, the effect is much smaller on benign MCF10A than on malignant MCF7 and MDAMB231 cells. On micropatterned surfaces, molecular analysis shows that Lamin A/C and Nesprin-2 expressions decreased but, after drug treatment, increased in malignant cells but not in benign cells. These findings suggest that Lamin A/C, Nesprin-2 and actin filaments are critical in mechanotransduction of cancer cells. Consequently, transparent micropatterned surfaces can be used as image analysis platforms to provide robust, high throughput measurements of nuclear deformability of cancer cells, including the effect of cytoskeletal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Antmen
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
- METU, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
- METU, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Department of Medical Engineering, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
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Antmen E, Demirci U, Hasirci V. Amplification of nuclear deformation of breast cancer cells by seeding on micropatterned surfaces to better distinguish their malignancies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chen Y, Chen S, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Promoted Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis by Dexamethasone-loaded Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles/Collagen Composite Scaffolds with Microgroove Networks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14143. [PMID: 30237563 PMCID: PMC6147787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge because current approaches involving surgery and bone grafting often do not yield satisfactory outcomes. For artificial bone substitutes, angiogenesis plays a pivotal role to achieve the final success of newly regenerated bone. In this study, dexamethasone-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles/collagen composite scaffolds with several types of concave microgrooves were prepared for simultaneous promotion of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Microgrooves in the scaffolds were supposed to guide the assembly of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) into well aligned tubular structures, thus promoting rapid angiogenesis. The scaffolds were used for co-culture of HUVECs and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Subcutaneous implantation in mice showed that more blood vessels and newly formed bone were observed in the microgrooved composite scaffolds than in the control scaffold. Scaffold bearing parallel microgrooves with a concave width of 290 µm and a convex ridge width of 352 µm showed the highest promotion effect on angiogenesis and osteogenesis among the parallelly microgrooved composite scaffolds. The scaffolds bearing a grid network had further superior promotion effect to the scaffolds bearing parallel microgrooves. The results indicated that microgrooves in the composite scaffolds facilitated angiogenesis and stimulated new bone formation. The microgrooved composite scaffolds should be useful for repairing of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Ferraris S, Truffa Giachet F, Miola M, Bertone E, Varesano A, Vineis C, Cochis A, Sorrentino R, Rimondini L, Spriano S. Nanogrooves and keratin nanofibers on titanium surfaces aimed at driving gingival fibroblasts alignment and proliferation without increasing bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Seras-Franzoso J, Tatkiewicz WI, Vazquez E, García-Fruitós E, Ratera I, Veciana J, Villaverde A. Integrating mechanical and biological control of cell proliferation through bioinspired multieffector materials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:873-91. [PMID: 25816885 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, cells respond to complex mechanical and biological stimuli whose understanding is required for tissue construction in regenerative medicine. However, the full replication of such bimodal effector networks is far to be reached. Engineering substrate roughness and architecture allows regulating cell adhesion, positioning, proliferation, differentiation and survival, and the external supply of soluble protein factors (mainly growth factors and hormones) has been long applied to promote growth and differentiation. Further, bioinspired scaffolds are progressively engineered as reservoirs for the in situ sustained release of soluble protein factors from functional topographies. We review here how research progresses toward the design of integrative, holistic scaffold platforms based on the exploration of individual mechanical and biological effectors and their further combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Departament de Genètica & de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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An accelerated buoyancy adhesion assay combined with 3-D morphometric analysis for assessing osteoblast adhesion on microgrooved substrata. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:22-37. [PMID: 26773651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An accelerated negative buoyancy method has been developed to assess cell adhesion strength. This method has been used in conjunction with 3-D morphometric analysis to understand the effects of surface topology on cell response. Aligned micro-grooved surface topographies (with a range of groove depths) were produced on stainless steel 316L substrates by laser ablation. An investigation was carried out on the effect of the micro-grooved surface topography on cell adhesion strength, cell and nucleus volumes, cell phenotypic expression and attachment patterns. Increased hydrophobicity and anisotropic wettability was observed on surfaces with deeper grooves. A reduction was noted in cell volume, projected areas and adhesion sites for deeper grooves, linked to lower cell proliferation and differentiation rates and also to reduced adhesion strength. The results suggest that the centrifugation assay combined with three-dimensional cell morphometric analysis has considerable potential for obtaining improved understanding of the cell/substrate interface.
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Zanchetta E, Guidi E, Della Giustina G, Sorgato M, Krampera M, Bassi G, Di Liddo R, Lucchetta G, Conconi MT, Brusatin G. Injection molded polymeric micropatterns for bone regeneration study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7273-7281. [PMID: 25756304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An industrially feasible process for the fast mass-production of molded polymeric micro-patterned substrates is here presented. Microstructured polystyrene (PS) surfaces were obtained through micro injection molding (μIM) technique on directly patterned stamps realized with a new zirconia-based hybrid spin-on system able to withstand 300 cycles at 90 °C. The use of directly patterned stamps entails a great advantage on the overall manufacturing process as it allows a fast, flexible, and simple one-step process with respect to the use of milling, laser machining, electroforming techniques, or conventional lithographic processes for stamp fabrication. Among the different obtainable geometries, we focused our attention on PS replicas reporting 2, 3, and 4 μm diameter pillars with 8, 9, 10 μm center-to-center distance, respectively. This enabled us to study the effect of the substrate topography on human mesenchymal stem cells behavior without any osteogenic growth factors. Our data show that microtopography affected cell behavior. In particular, calcium deposition and osteocalcin expression enhanced as diameter and interpillar distance size increases, and the 4-10 surface was the most effective to induce osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zanchetta
- †Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Enrica Guidi
- ‡Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | | | - Marco Sorgato
- †Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- §Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37129, Italy
| | - Giulio Bassi
- §Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37129, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- ‡Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucchetta
- †Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- ‡Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Giovanna Brusatin
- †Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
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8
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Jeon H, Simon CG, Kim G. A mini-review: Cell response to microscale, nanoscale, and hierarchical patterning of surface structure. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1580-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HoJun Jeon
- Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
| | - Carl G. Simon
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
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9
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Idaszek J, Zinn M, Obarzanek-Fojt M, Zell V, Swieszkowski W, Bruinink A. Tailored degradation of biocompatible poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/calcium silicate/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) ternary composites: an in vitro study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4352-60. [PMID: 23910353 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials, which are currently available for bone tissue regeneration, still have limitations regarding their degradation rate, mechanical stability and/or biological response. Thus, a novel generation of materials for bioactive bone scaffolds is needed that triggers hydroxyapatite formation and can be tailored to suit application-specific requirements. In this study we developed ternary bioactive composite materials composed of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), calcium silicate and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PHBV/CS/PLGA), which merged the good bioactivity of CS/PHBV composite and the improved degradation velocity of PHBV/PLGA blend. Bioactive character of all composites was proven by formation of hydroxyapatite-like crystals after already one week of incubation in simulated body fluid. Addition of PLGA significantly increased initial ultimate tensile strength (UTS0) and Young's modulus of the ternary composites from 14.3±1.1 MPa (binary composite) to 22.3±2.6 MPa and 1.23±0.05 GPa up to 1.64±0.14 GPa, respectively. Furthermore the degradation rate (measured as a decrease of UTS during degradation) could be successfully tailored and was in range of -0.033 UTS0 to -0.118 UTS0 MPa/week. The bioacceptance of the materials was proven in vitro using 2-D (conventional setup) and 3-D (multicellular spheroids) human bone marrow stromal cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Idaszek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Woloska Street 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Bitar M, Benini F, Brose C, Friederici V, Imgrund P, Bruinink A. Evaluation of early stage human bone marrow stromal proliferation, cell migration and osteogenic differentiation on μ-MIM structured stainless steel surfaces. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1285-1292. [PMID: 23386209 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that surface topography greatly affect cell-surface interactions. In a recent study we showed that microstructured stainless steel surfaces characterized by the presence of defined hexagonally arranged hemisphere-like structures significantly affected cell architecture (shape and focal adhesion size) of primary human bone mesenchymal stromal cells. This study aimed at further investigating the influence these microstructures (microcline protruding hemispheres) on critical aspects of cell behaviour namely; proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. As with previously reported data, we used primary human bone mesenchymal stromal cells to investigate such effects at an early stage in vitro. Cells of different patients were utilised for cell migration studies. Our data showed that an increase in cell proliferation was exhibited as a function of surface topography (hemispheres). Cell migration velocity also varied as a function of surface topography on patient specific basis and seems to relate to the differentiated state of the seeded cell population (as demonstrated by bALP positivity). Osteogenic differentiation, however, did not exhibit significant variations (both up and down-regulation) as a function of both surface topography and time in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Bitar
- Materials-Biology Interactions Lab, EMPA, Lerchenfelstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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11
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Metzger W, Schimmelpfennig L, Schwab B, Sossong D, Dorst N, Bubel M, Görg A, Pütz N, Wennemuth G, Pohlemann T, Oberringer M. Expansion and differentiation of human primary osteoblasts in two- and three-dimensional culture. Biotech Histochem 2012; 88:86-102. [PMID: 23210615 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.741262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the regenerative capability of bone, treatment of large defects often requires bone grafts. The challenge for bone grafting is to establish rapid and sufficient vascularization. Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids consisting of the relevant cell types can be used as "mini tissues" to study the complexity of angiogenesis. We investigated two-dimensional (2D) expansion, differentiation and characterization of primary osteoblasts as steps toward the establishment of 3D multicellular spheroids. Supplementation of cell culture medium with vitamin D(3) induces the osteocalcin expression of osteoblasts. An increased osteocalcin concentration of 10.8 ± 0.58 ng/ml could be measured after 19 days in supplemented medium. Vitamin D(3) has no influence on the expression of alkaline phosphatase or the deposition of calcium. Expression of these additional osteogenic markers requires addition of a cocktail of osteogenic factors that, conversely, have no influence on the expression of osteocalcin. Supplementation of the cell culture medium with both vitamin D(3) and a cocktail of osteogenic factors is recommended to produce an osteoblast phenotype that secretes osteocalcin, expresses alkaline phosphatase and deposits calcium. In such a supplemented medium, a mean osteocalcin concentration of 11.63 ± 4.85 ng/ml was secreted by the osteoblasts. Distinguishing osteoblasts and fibroblasts remains a challenge. Neither differentiated nor undifferentiated osteoblasts can be distinguished from fibroblasts by the expression of CD90, ED-A-fibronectin or α-smooth muscle actin; however, these cell types exhibit clear differences in their growth characteristics. Osteoblasts can be arranged as 3D spheroids by coating the bottom of the cell culture device with agarose. The cellular composition of 3D multicellular spheroids can be evaluated quantitatively using vital fluorescence labeling techniques. Spheroids are a promising tool for studying angiogenic and osteogenic phenomena in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Building. 57, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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12
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Tien LW, Gil ES, Park SH, Mandal BB, Kaplan DL. Patterned Silk Film Scaffolds for Aligned Lamellar Bone Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1671-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wang K, Cai L, Zhang L, Dong J, Wang S. Biodegradable photo-crosslinked polymer substrates with concentric microgrooves for regulating MC3T3-E1 cell behavior. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184743 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Both intrinsic material properties and topographical features are critical in influencing cell-biomaterial interactions. We present a systematic investigation of regulating mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell behavior on biodegradable polymer substrates with distinct mechanical properties and concentric microgrooves. The precursors for fabricating substrates used here were two poly(ϵ-caprolactone) triacrylates (PCLTAs) synthesized from poly(ϵ-caprolactone) triols with molecular weights of ∼7000 and ∼10000 g mol(-1) . These two PCLTAs were photo-crosslinked into PCL networks with distinct thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties at physiological temperature because of their different crystallinities and melting temperatures. Microgrooved substrates with four groove widths of 7.5, 16.1, 44.2, and 91.2 μm and three groove depths of 0.2, 1, and 10 μm were prepared through replica molding, i.e., photo-crosslinking PCLTA on micro-fabricated silicon wafers with pre-designed concentric groove patterns. MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and proliferation could be better supported by the stiffer substrates while not significantly influenced by the microgrooves. Microgroove dimensions could regulate MC3T3-E1 cell alignment, nuclear shape and distribution, mineralization, and gene expression. Among the microgrooves with a fixed depth of 10 μm, the smallest width of 7.5 μm could align and elongate the cytoskeleton and nuclei most efficiently. Strikingly, higher mineral deposition and upregulation of osteocalcin gene expression were found in the narrower microgrooves when the groove depth was 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Yang SP, Yang CY, Lee TM, Lui TS. Effects of calcium-phosphate topography on osteoblast mechanobiology determined using a cytodetacher. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Moczulska M, Bitar M, Swięszkowski W, Bruinink A. Biological characterization of woven fabric using two- and three-dimensional cell cultures. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:882-93. [PMID: 22275338 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The integration and long-term functional retention of tissue implants are both strongly linked to the implant material characteristics. As a first approach, the cytocompatibility and bioactivity of such materials are evaluated using in vitro-based cell culture models. Typically, in vitro bioactivity is assessed by seeding single cells onto the test material to evaluate certain parameters such as cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and functional differentiation. Probably, due to the reduction from three dimensional (3D) toward the two dimensional (2D) situation the data obtained from 2D culture models falls short of predicting the in vivo behavior of the biomaterial in question. In this study, a three dimensional (3D) in vitro cell culture model was applied to evaluate the bioactivity of well characterized fiber-based scaffolds using scaffold colonization as a bioactivity indicator. Cell behavior in this culture model was evaluated against a classical comparable, 2D cell culture system using polyethylene terephthalat and polyamide 6.6 fabrics. By using the 3D culture model, however, differences in cell population performance as a function of fiber diameter and mesh angle were evident. The use of 3D cell culture model clearly outperformed typical cell culture setup as means to evaluate cell population-scaffold interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moczulska
- Faculty of Materials Science of Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Zhao L, Mei S, Wang W, Chu PK, Zhang Y, Wu Z. Suppressed primary osteoblast functions on nanoporous titania surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 96:100-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Ahmed El-Said W, Yea CH, Jung M, Kim H, Choi JW. Analysis of effect of nanoporous alumina substrate coated with polypyrrole nanowire on cell morphology based on AFM topography. Ultramicroscopy 2010; 110:676-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kim EJ, Boehm CA, Mata A, Fleischman AJ, Muschler GF, Roy S. Post microtextures accelerate cell proliferation and osteogenesis. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:160-9. [PMID: 19539062 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of surface microtexture on osteogenesis was investigated in vitro by examining the proliferation and differentiation characteristics of a class of adult stem cells and their progeny, collectively known as connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs). Human bone marrow-derived CTPs were cultured for up to 60 days on smooth polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces and on PDMS with post microtextures that were 10 microm in diameter and 6 microm in height, with 10 microm separation. DNA quantification revealed that the numbers of CTPs initially attached to both substrates were similar. However, cells on microtextured PDMS transitioned from lag phase after 4 days of culture, in contrast to 6 days for cells on smooth surfaces. By day 9 cells on the smooth surfaces exhibited arbitrary flattened shapes and migrated without any preferred orientation. In contrast, cells on the microtextured PDMS grew along the array of posts in an orthogonal manner. By days 30 and 60 cells grew and covered all surfaces with extracellular matrix. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of integrin alpha5 was greater on the microtextured PDMS compared with smooth surfaces. Real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that gene expression of alkaline phosphatase had decreased by days 30 and 60, compared with that on day 9, for both substrates. Gene expression of collagen I and osteocalcin was consistently greater on post microtextures relative to smooth surfaces at all time points.
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Myllymaa K, Myllymaa S, Korhonen H, Lammi MJ, Saarenpää H, Suvanto M, Pakkanen TA, Tiitu V, Lappalainen R. Improved adherence and spreading of Saos-2 cells on polypropylene surfaces achieved by surface texturing and carbon nitride coating. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:2337-47. [PMID: 19507005 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion and contact guidance of human primary osteogenic sarcoma cells (Saos-2) were characterized on smooth, microstructured (MST) and micro- and nano-structured (MNST) polypropylene (PP) and on the same samples with a silicon-doped carbon nitride (C(3)N(4)-Si) coating. Injection molding was used to pattern the PP surfaces and the coating was obtained by using ultra-short pulsed laser deposition (USPLD). Surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy and surface energy components were calculated according to the Owens-Wendt model. The results showed C(3)N(4)-Si coated surfaces to be significantly more hydrophilic than uncoated ones. In addition, there were 86% more cells in the smooth C(3)N(4)-Si coated PP compared to smooth uncoated PP and 551%/476% more cells with MST/MNST C(3)N(4)-Si coated PP than could be obtained with MST/MNST uncoated PP. Thus the adhesion, spreading and contact guidance of osteoblast-like cells was effectively improved by combining surface texturing and deposition of osteocompatible C(3)N(4)-Si coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Myllymaa
- Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Spohn P, Hirsch C, Hasler F, Bruinink A, Krug HF, Wick P. C60 fullerene: a powerful antioxidant or a damaging agent? The importance of an in-depth material characterization prior to toxicity assays. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1134-1139. [PMID: 18824284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of fullerenes in 1985, these carbon nanospheres have attracted attention regarding their physico/chemical properties. Despite little knowledge about their impact on the environment and human health, the production of fullerenes has already reached an industrial scale. However, the toxicity of C(60) is still controversially discussed. The aim of this study was to clarify the biological effects of tetrahydrofuran (THF) suspended C(60) fullerene in comparison to water stirred C(60) fullerene suspensions. Beyond that, we analyzed the effects on the Crustacea Daphnia magna an indicator for ecotoxicological effects and the human lung epithelial cell line A549 as a simplified model for the respiratory tract. We could demonstrate that water-soluble side products which were formed in THF nC(60) suspension were responsible for the observed acute toxic effects, whereas fullerenes themselves had no negative effect regardless of the preparative route on either A549 cell in vitro or D. magna in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spohn
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions, St Gallen, Switzerland
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21
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Martínez E, Engel E, Planell J, Samitier J. Effects of artificial micro- and nano-structured surfaces on cell behaviour. Ann Anat 2009; 191:126-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Kaiser JP, Wick P, Manser P, Spohn P, Bruinink A. Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) affect cell physiology and cell architecture. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:1523-1527. [PMID: 17990080 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) find their way in various industrial applications. Due to the expected increased production of various carbon nanotubes and nanoparticle containing products, exposure to engineered nanoparticles will also increase dramatically in parallel. In this study the effects of SWCNT raw material and purified SWCNT (SWCNT bundles) on cell behaviour of mesothelioma cells (MSTO-211H) and on epithelial cells (A549) had been investigated. The effect on cell behaviour (cell proliferation, cell activity, cytoskeleton organization, apoptosis and cell adhesion) were dependent on cell type, SWCNT quality (purified or not) and SWCNT concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Kaiser
- Materials - Biology Interactions Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland.
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23
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Goldner JS, Bruder JM, Li G, Gazzola D, Hoffman-Kim D. Neurite bridging across micropatterned grooves. Biomaterials 2005; 27:460-72. [PMID: 16115675 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After injury, regenerating axons must navigate complex, three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments. Topographic guidance of neurite outgrowth has been demonstrated in vitro with culture substrates that contain micropatterned features on the nanometer-micron scale. In this study we report the ability of microfabricated biomaterials to support neurite extension across micropatterned grooves with feature sizes on the order of tens of microns, sizes relevant to the design of biomaterials and tissue engineering scaffolds. Neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were cultured on grooved substrates of poly(dimethyl siloxane) coated with poly-L-lysine and laminin. Here we describe an unusual capability of a subpopulation of DRG neurons to extend neurites that spanned across the grooves, with no underlying solid support. Multiple parameters influenced the formation of bridging neurites, with the highest numbers of bridges observed under the following experimental conditions: cell density of 125,000 cells per sample, groove depth of 50 microm, groove width of 30 microm, and plateau width of 200 microm. Bridges were formed as neurites extended from a neuron in a groove, contacted adjacent plateaus, pulled the neuron up to become suspended over the groove, and the soma translocated to the plateau. These studies are of interest to understanding cytoskeletal dynamics and designing biomaterials for 3D axon guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Goldner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology and Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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24
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Wilson CJ, Clegg RE, Leavesley DI, Pearcy MJ. Mediation of biomaterial-cell interactions by adsorbed proteins: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1-18. [PMID: 15738657 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1018] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate cellular response to implanted surfaces is essential for tissue regeneration and integration. It is well described that implanted materials are immediately coated with proteins from blood and interstitial fluids, and it is through this adsorbed layer that cells sense foreign surfaces. Hence, it is the adsorbed proteins, rather than the surface itself, to which cells initially respond. Diverse studies using a range of materials have demonstrated the pivotal role of extracellular adhesion proteins--fibronectin and vitronectin in particular--in cell adhesion, morphology, and migration. These events underlie the subsequent responses required for tissue repair, with the nature of cell surface interactions contributing to survival, growth, and differentiation. The pattern in which adhesion proteins and other bioactive molecules adsorb thus elicits cellular reactions specific to the underlying physicochemical properties of the material. Accordingly, in vitro studies generally demonstrate favorable cell responses to charged, hydrophilic surfaces, corresponding to superior adsorption and bioactivity of adhesion proteins. This review illustrates the mediation of cell responses to biomaterials by adsorbed proteins, in the context of osteoblasts and selected materials used in orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering. It is recognized, however, that the periimplant environment in vivo will differ substantially from the cell-biomaterial interface in vitro. Hence, one of the key issues yet to be resolved is that of the interface composition actually encountered by osteoblasts within the sequence of inflammation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Wilson
- Tissue Bioregeneration Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Engineering Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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25
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Dalby MJ, Riehle MO, Yarwood SJ, Wilkinson CDW, Curtis ASG. Nucleus alignment and cell signaling in fibroblasts: response to a micro-grooved topography. Exp Cell Res 2003; 284:274-82. [PMID: 12651159 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4827(02)00053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellular response to scaffold materials is of great importance in cellular and tissue engineering, and it is perhaps the initial cell contact with the scaffold that determines development of new tissue. Material surface morphology has strong effects on cell cytoskeleton and morphology, and it is thought that cells may react to the topography of collagen and surrounding cells during tissue embryology. A poorly understood area is, however, gene-level responses to topography. Thus, this paper used microarray to probe for consistent gene changes in response to lithographically produced topography (12.5 x 2-microm grooves) with time. The results showed many initial gene changes and also down-regulation of gene response with time. Cell and nucleus morphology were also considered, with nuclear deformation linked to cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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26
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Mata A, Boehm C, Fleischman AJ, Muschler G, Roy S. Analysis of connective tissue progenitor cell behavior on polydimethylsiloxane smooth and channel micro-textures. Biomed Microdevices 2002; 4:267-75. [PMID: 16596170 PMCID: PMC1428792 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020950022074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Growth of human connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) was characterized on smooth and microtextured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. Human bone marrow derived cells were cultured for nine days under conditions promoting osteoblastic differentiation on Smooth PDMS and PDMS Channel microtextures (11 microm high, 45 microm wide channels, and separated by 5 microm wide ridges). Glass tissue culture dish surfaces were used as controls. Cell numbers per colony, cell density within colonies, alignment of cells, area of colonies, and colony shapes were determined as a function of substrate surface topography. An alkaline phosphatase stain was used as a marker for osteoblastic phenotype. CTPs attached, proliferated, and differentiated on all surfaces with cell process lengths of up to 80 microm. Cells on the Smooth PDMS and control surfaces spread and proliferated as colonies in proximity to other cells and migrated in random directions creating colonies that covered significantly larger areas (0.96 and 1.05 mm(2), respectively) than colonies formed on PDMS Channel textures (0.64 mm(2)). In contrast, cells on PDMS Channel textures spread, proliferated, aligned along the channel axis, and created colonies that were more dense, and with lengths of longest colony axes that were significantly longer (3252 microm) than those on the Smooth PDMS (1265 microm) and control surfaces (1319 microm). Cells on PDMS Channel textures were aligned at an angle of 14.44 degrees relative to the channel axis, and the resulting colonies exhibited a significantly higher aspect ratio (13.72) compared to Smooth PDMS (1.57) and control surfaces (1.51).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mata
- BioMEMS Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Cynthia Boehm
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Aaron J. Fleischman
- BioMEMS Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - George Muschler
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation E-mail:
| | - Shuvo Roy
- BioMEMS Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
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Dalby MJ, Yarwood SJ, Johnstone HJH, Affrossman S, Riehle MO. Fibroblast signaling events in response to nanotopography: a gene array study. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2002; 1:12-7. [PMID: 16689216 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2002.806930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When considering the complicated nature of cell/tissue interactions with biomaterials, especially materials with nanometric surface features, observation of changes in one or two selected genes or proteins may not be sufficient. To get a fuller understanding of the scope of responses effected by nanotopography on cells, many genes need to be surveyed. Recent developments in molecular biology have lead to the commercial production of microarrays. Microarray presents a powerful tool by which many genes (up to many thousands) can be probed simultaneously. In this study, 1718 gene arrays have been used to measure human fibroblast response to 13-nm-high polymer demixed islands. The results have shown many changes in genes involved in signaling, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, gene transcription, and protein translation; these results have been used to build a more complete overview of fibroblast response to the islands. The use of microarray has expanded the range of observations possible using established microscopical and biochemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK.
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28
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Kumarasuriyar A, Jackson RA, Grøndahl L, Trau M, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Fellowship programs in critical care medicine: 1990/1991. Crit Care Med 1990; 11:1281-95. [PMID: 16144464 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that polymeric biomaterials have the potential to support osteoblast growth and development for bone tissue repair. Poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-beta-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a bioabsorbable, biocompatible polyhydroxy acid polymer, is an excellent candidate that, as yet, has not been extensively investigated for this purpose. As such, we examined the attachment characteristics, self-renewal capacity, and osteogenic potential of osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1 S14) when cultured on PHBV films compared with tissue culture polystyrene (TCP). Cells were assayed over 2 weeks and examined for changes in morphology, attachment, number and proliferation status, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium accumulation, nodule formation, and the expression of osteogenic genes. We found that these spindle-shaped MC3T3-E1 S14 cells made cell-cell and cell-substrate contact. Time-dependent cell attachment was shown to be accelerated on PHBV compared with collagen and laminin, but delayed compared with TCP and fibronectin. Cell number and the expression of ALP, osteopontin, and pro-collagen alpha1(I) mRNA were comparable for cells grown on PHBV and TCP, with all these markers increasing over time. This demonstrates the ability of PHBV to support osteoblast cell function. However, a lag was observed for cells on PHBV in comparison with those on TCP for proliferation, ALP activity, and cbfa-1 mRNA expression. In addition, we observed a reduction in total calcium accumulation, nodule formation, and osteocalcin mRNA expression. It is possible that this cellular response is a consequence of the contrasting surface properties of PHBV and TCP. The PHBV substrate used was rougher and more hydrophobic than TCP. Although further substrate analysis is required, we conclude that this polymer is a suitable candidate for the continued development as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumarasuriyar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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