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Wu M, Wang G, Zhang M, Li J, Wang C, Sun G, Zheng J. A tough and piezoelectric poly(acrylamide/ N, N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensor. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6800-6807. [PMID: 39148339 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
A flexible, tough, highly transparent and piezoelectric polyacrylamide hydrogel was fabricated induced by blue light photocuring, with camphorquinone/diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (CQ/DPI) as the blue light initiator, acrylamide (AM) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) as monomers, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as the crosslinker, lecithin as the dispersant, and BaTiO3 as the piezoelectric material. Various performance tests were carried out on the hydrogel, and the results showed that lecithin enhances the dispersion of BaTiO3 within the system and improves the tensile properties (>100% strain) of the hydrogel, and the addition of PEGDA not only improves the photopolymerization performance of the hydrogel, but also significantly improves its fracture strength (∼0.3 MPa). In addition, BaTiO3 enables the resultant hydrogels to show excellent conductivity (>1.5) and stable response to strain. The assembled hydrogel sensor shows a sensitive response to human joint activities, which is expected to be applied in self-powered sensors and energy collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Wu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Mihan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Li
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- The Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhuan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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Grover G, Brothers AB, Weiss RG. Molecular and Aggregate Structural, Thermal, Mechanical and Photophysical Properties of Long-Chain Amide Gelators Containing an α-Diketo Group in the Presence or Absence of a Tertiary Amine Group. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010036. [PMID: 36661803 PMCID: PMC9857964 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three structurally related gelators, each containing octadecyl chains, an α-diketo group at the 9,10 positions, and each with a different N-amide group-isobutyl (DIBA), isopentyl (DIPA) or N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) (DMEA)-have been synthesized. Their neat structures as well as the thermal mechanical, and photophysical properties in their gel states with various liquids have been investigated. The gelator networks of DIBA and DIPA in octane, hexylbenzene and silicone oil consist of bundles of fibers. These gels are partially thixotropic and mechanically, thermally (to above their melting or silicone oil gelation temperatures), and photophysically stable. They are mechanically and thermally stronger than the gels formed with DMEA, the gelator with a tertiary amine group. The lone pair of electrons of the tertiary amine group leads to an intra-molecular or inter-molecular charge-transfer interaction, depending on whether the sample is a solution, sol, or gel. Neat, solid DMEA does not undergo the charge-transfer process because its amino and diketo groups are separated spatially by a large distance in the crystalline state and cannot diffuse into proximity. However, the solution of DIPA upon the addition of triethylamine becomes unstable over time at room temperature in the dark or (more rapidly) when irradiated, which initiates the aforementioned charge-transfer processes. The eventual reaction of the gelators in the presence of a tertiary amine group is ascribed to electron transfer from the lone-pair on nitrogen to an α-diketo group, followed by proton transfer to an oxygen atom on the anion radical of the α-diketo group from a methyl or methylene group attached to the nitrogen atom of the cation radical. Finally, the formation of an α-diketyl radical leads to irreversible electronic and structural changes that are observed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girishma Grover
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Correspondence:
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3
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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin Trapping (EPR–ST) Technique in Photopolymerization Processes. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To face economic issues of the last ten years, free-radical photopolymerization (FRP) has known an impressive enlightenment. Multiple performing photoinitiating systems have been designed to perform photopolymerizations in the visible or near infrared (NIR) range. To fully understand the photochemical mechanisms involved upon light activation and characterize the nature of radicals implied in FRP, electron paramagnetic resonance coupled to the spin trapping (EPR–ST) method represents one of the most valuable techniques. In this context, the principle of EPR–ST and its uses in free-radical photopolymerization are entirely described.
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Manso AP, Leite ML, Comeau P, Dietrich C, Ghaffari S, Lange D, Branda N. Exploring the use of a Ruthenium complex incorporated into a methacrylate-based dental material for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221112989. [PMID: 35856607 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a blue light photosensitizer (PS), Ruthenium II complex (Ru), on the chemical, physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of experimental dental resin blends. METHODS The experimental resin (BisEMA, TEEGDMA, HPMA, ethanol, and photoinitiator) was loaded with Ru at 0.00%, 0.07%, 0.14%, 0.28%, 0.56%, 1.12%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% w/w. Samples were evaluated for the degree of conversion (DC) after 30 and 60 s curing-time (n = 6). Selected formulations (0.00%, 0.28%, 0.56%, 1.12%) were further tested for shear bond strength (SBS) (n = 15); flexural strength (FS) (n = 12); and antimicrobial properties (CFUs), in dark and light conditions. These latter tests were performed on specimens stored for 24-h or 2-month in 37°C water. Water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) tests were also performed (n = 12). Data were analyzed either by a one- or two-factor general linear model (α = 0.05). RESULTS Overall, Ru concentration above 1.2% resulted in reduced DC. In SBS results, only the 1.12%Ru resin blend samples had statistically lower values compared to the 0.00%Ru resin blend at 24-h storage (p = 0.004). In addition, no differences in SBS were detected among the experimental groups after 2-month storage in water. Meanwhile, FS increased for all experimental groups under similar aging conditions (p < 0.001). Antimicrobial properties were improved upon inclusion of Ru and application of light (p < 0.001 for both) at 24-h and 2-month storage. Lastly, no detectable changes in WS or SL were observed for the Ru-added resins compared to the 0.00%Ru resin blend. However, the 0.28% Ru blend presented significantly higher WS compared to the 0.56% Ru blend (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Stable SBS, improved FS, and sustained antimicrobial properties after aging gives significant credence to our approach of adding the Ruthenium II complex into dental adhesive resin blends intended for an aPDT approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pigozzo Manso
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patricia Comeau
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claudia Dietrich
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sahand Ghaffari
- Department of Urological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- Department of Urological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Neil Branda
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Wang C, Meng F, Qiao L, Xie Y, Liu X, Zheng J. In Situ Blue-Light-Induced Photocurable and Weavable Hydrogel Filament. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35600-35606. [PMID: 34984291 PMCID: PMC8717588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A self-lubricating hydrogel filament was achieved by establishing an in situ photocuring system and using camphorquinone/diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (CQ/DPI) as the blue-light photoinitiators, acrylamide (AM) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) as the monomers, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as the cross-linker, and lecithin as the lipid lubricant. The blue-light photopolymerization efficiency and the photorheological properties of the hydrogel precursor were investigated by photodifferential scanning calorimetry and a photorheological system. With the increase of DMAA, the photopolymerization efficiency of the precursor improved, while the elasticity of poly(DMAA/AM) decreased accordingly. The physical cross-linking effect between lecithin and the poly(DMAA/AM) network led to improved polymerization properties and elasticity. The lipid-based boundary layer at the hydrogel surface endowed the self-lubrication of the hydrogel filament. The extruded hydrogel filaments exhibited excellent mechanical properties and weavability, which were expected to play a realistic role in soft robots and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing
and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Fan Meng
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing
and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Luyang Qiao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing
and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Xie
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing
and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing
and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jinhuan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing
and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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Effect of Additional Light Curing on Colour Stability of Composite Resins. Int Dent J 2021; 72:346-352. [PMID: 34412897 PMCID: PMC9275115 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional light curing on the colour stability of composite resins. Materials and methods: Four different composite resins—a nanofill, a nanohybrid, a microhybrid, and a bulk-fill composite resin—were tested. Eighty disc-shaped specimens were prepared from each material using either a quartz tungsten halogen or a light-emitting diode light source and were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the surface treatment: no polishing (nonpolished) or polishing with aluminum oxide discs (polished). Then additional light curing was applied to half of the specimens in each group. All specimens were immersed in coffee solution for 1 week. Colour was measured with a spectrophotometer at baseline and after 1 week of storage in coffee solution. Results: Statistically significant differences in colour stability were observed in the restorative materials according to the composition of composite resin, the polishing protocol, and additional light curing, whilst there were no significant differences according to the light source. Additional light curing reduced discolouration in all groups tested. Conclusions: Additional light curing may be beneficial after finishing and polishing in order to maintain aesthetics and increase the resistance of composite resins to discolouration.
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Abstract
3D printing (also called "additive manufacturing" or "rapid prototyping") is able to translate computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through a layer-by-layer deposition approach. Since its introduction, 3D printing has aroused enormous interest among researchers and engineers to understand the fabrication process and composition-structure-property correlation of printed 3D objects and unleash its great potential for application in a variety of industrial sectors. Because of its unique technological advantages, 3D printing can definitely benefit the field of microrobotics and advance the design and development of functional microrobots in a customized manner. This review aims to present a generic overview of 3D printing for functional microrobots. The most applicable 3D printing techniques, with a focus on laser-based printing, are introduced for the 3D microfabrication of microrobots. 3D-printable materials for fabricating microrobots are reviewed in detail, including photopolymers, photo-crosslinkable hydrogels, and cell-laden hydrogels. The representative applications of 3D-printed microrobots with rational designs heretofore give evidence of how these printed microrobots are being exploited in the medical, environmental, and other relevant fields. A future outlook on the 3D printing of microrobots is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic. and Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno, CZ-61600, Czech Republic and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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8
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Samadian H, Maleki H, Allahyari Z, Jaymand M. Natural polymers-based light-induced hydrogels: Promising biomaterials for biomedical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Favarão J, Oliveira D, Zanini MM, Rocha MG, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti M. Effect of curing-light attenuation on color stability and physical and chemical properties of resin cements containing different photoinitiators. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104110. [PMID: 33032012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of light attenuation by ceramic veneers on the degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and color change (CC) of resin cements containing different photoinitiators. Thus, samples included resin cements containing different photoinitiators: (a) camphorquinone (CQ)/ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDMAB); (b) CQ/4-(N,N-dimethylamino) phenethyl alcohol (DMPOH); (c) CQ/2(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA); (d) CQ/ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDMAB) + diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (TPO); (e) TPO; and (f) phenylbis(2.4.6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO). Ceramic veneers (10 × 10 mm) were 0.4 mm, 0.7 mm, 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm thick. The light irradiance of a multiple-peak LED through ceramic veneers was measured (n = 5) using a spectrometer. DC (micro-Raman spectrometer) and FS (Bar-shaped specimens) were tested in cements with and without the veneers. Color change was evaluated before and after UV artificial aging. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The violet spectrum showed the lowest irradiance values through the veneer, considering all thicknesses. BAPO had the highest DC values for all veneers. CQ/EDMAB + TPO, CQ + EDMAB, and CQ + DMPOH showed similar DC values concerning all thicknesses. TPO (1.0 mm) showed the lowest DC and FS values. CQ + TPO and CQ/amines showed similar FS values. CQ + EDMAB and CQ + DMAEMA showed the highest color change values while TPO showed the lowest. It was concluded that the physical and chemical properties of the resin cement were improved with BAPO. CQ/EDMAB + TPO showed the greatest color stability, considering all veneer groups and control, without affecting the other properties assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Favarão
- Dental School, Centro Universitário Dinâmica das Cataratas, Paraná Avenue, 5661, Vila A, Foz do Iguaçu, 85868-030, Brazil.
| | - Dcrs Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Operative Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - M M Zanini
- Dental School, Centro Universitário Dinâmica das Cataratas, Paraná Avenue, 5661, Vila A, Foz do Iguaçu, 85868-030, Brazil.
| | - M G Rocha
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Operative Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - L Correr-Sobrinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Limeira Avenue, 901, Vila Rezende, Areiao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Mac Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Limeira Avenue, 901, Vila Rezende, Areiao, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
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10
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Abedin F, Ye Q, Spencer P. Hydrophilic dyes as photosensitizers for photopolymerization of dental adhesives. J Dent 2020; 99:103405. [PMID: 32522687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored hydrophilic dyes as photosensitizers for application in dental adhesives. The goal was to identify dyes that enhance the degree of conversion (DC) of the hydrophilic-rich phase without impairing polymerization of the hydrophobic-rich phase. METHODS Properties that were investigated included the molar extinction coefficient at 480 nm, relative normalized photon absorption efficiency (PAE), rate of polymerization and degree of conversion (DC). The following hydrophilic dyes: Bromophenol blue sodium salt, Rosebengal sodium salt, Erythrosin B, New Fuchsin and Victoria blue B were identified as suitable photosensitizers. RESULTS In this study it was observed that dyes such as Bromophenol blue sodium salt, New Fuchsin, Victoria blue B and Rosebengal sodium salt were suitable candidates for dental adhesive photopolymerization, leading to substantial degree of conversion to both the hydrophilic-rich phase and the hydrophobic-rich phase. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the ability of the photosensitizer to absorb light in the visible range and transition to an excited state as a result of the absorbed energy, other factors such as the efficiency of the photosensitizer/light curing unit (LCU) combination, stability/efficiency of the excited state of the photosensitizer and/or initiating reactive species play an important role in the photopolymerization of the dental adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Abedin
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering Technology, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 W Temple Ave, Pomona, CA, 91768, United States.
| | - Qiang Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering Research Laboratories, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15thStreet, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States.
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Institute of Bioengineering Research Laboratories, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15thStreet, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15thStreet, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States.
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11
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Amorim BC, Vicentin BLS, Di Mauro E. Post-polymerization reactivity of free radicals trapped in resin-based dental restorative materials by ESR spectroscopy. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Dressano D, Salvador MV, Oliveira MT, Marchi GM, Fronza BM, Hadis M, Palin WM, Lima AF. Chemistry of novel and contemporary resin-based dental adhesives. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103875. [PMID: 32957185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of resin-based dental adhesives is critical for its interaction with dental tissues and long-term bonding stability. Changes in dental adhesives composition influences the materials' key physical-chemical properties, such as rate and degree of conversion, water sorption, solubility, flexural strength and modulus, and cohesive strength and improves the biocompatibility to dental tissues. Maintaining a suitable reactivity between photoinitiators and monomers is important for optimal properties of adhesive systems, in order to enable adequate polymerisation and improved chemical, physical and biological properties. The aim of this article is to review the current state-of-the-art of dental adhesives, and their chemical composition and characteristics that influences the polymerisation reaction and subsequent materials properties and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Dressano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Marcos V Salvador
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, CEP: 04026-002, Brazil.
| | | | - Giselle Maria Marchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Bruna M Fronza
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, 2227 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mohammed Hadis
- Dental Materials Science, Birmingham Dental School and Hospital, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
| | - William M Palin
- Dental Materials Science, Birmingham Dental School and Hospital, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
| | - Adriano Fonseca Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, CEP: 04026-002, Brazil.
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Zhang J, Wang S, Lalevée J, Morlet‐Savary F, Lam ES, Graff B, Liu J, Xing F, Xiao P. 1,2‐Diketones as photoinitiators of both cationic and free‐radical photopolymerization under UV (392 nm) or Blue (455 nm) LEDs. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Fabrice Morlet‐Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Elizabeth S.‐H. Lam
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra 2601 Acton Australia
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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14
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AlSheikh R. Color stability of Lucirin-photo-activated resin composite after immersion in different staining solutions: a spectrophotometric study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2019; 11:297-311. [PMID: 31564988 PMCID: PMC6733397 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s216011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exceptional optical properties characterize teeth. As such, an esthetic restorative material should enable the dental professional to imitate the optical properties of natural teeth accurately. IPS Empress Direct was introduced to the market with the claim that it can mimic optically dental tissues with superior clinical performance. AIM To evaluate the ability of IPS Empress Direct to mimic tooth appearance and color and resist staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three disc specimens were prepared for each shade of enamel and dentin of Lucirin-based composite, IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent) (A1, A2, A3, B1, and B2) (total of 60). The specimens were submitted to colorimetric evaluation in comparison after immersion in 10 different solutions (coffee, coffee with sugar, coffee with milk, red tea, red tea with sugar, red tea with milk, tomato juice, pomegranate juice, coke, and distilled water as a control group) for 4 weeks using spectrophotometric analysis. RESULTS After plotting the data and conducting linear regression analyses, IPS Empress showed high potential in mimicking the optical properties of natural tooth color according to the CIE color space. Three solutions showed a change in color higher than 3, coffee, coffee with sugar, and red tea. All other solution showed changes in color that are acceptable clinically. CONCLUSION IPS Empress Direct can satisfactory mimic teeth appearance and color while manifesting high stability of color resisting staining upon clinical aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha AlSheikh
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Righi H, Costa AR, Oliveira DCRSD, Abuna GF, Sinhoreti MAC, Naufel FS. Influence of Photoinitiator on Accelerated Artificial Aging and Bond Strength of Experimental Resin Cements. Braz Dent J 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of the photoinitiator phenylpropanedione (PPD), alone or combined with camphorquinone (CQ), on color stability of photoactivated resin cements and their bond strength to ceramics using a micro-shear test. Four resin cements were used: a commercial brand cement (RelyX Veneer®) and 3 experimental cements with different types and concentration of photoinitiators. For color analysis, ceramic discs were cemented on bovine dentin specimens to simulate indirect restorations (n=8) and were exposed to UV for 120 h and tested for color alteration using a reflectance spectrophotometer and the CIEL*a*b* system. Data were analyzed by Anova and Tukey’s test at 5% significance level. The color test results did not present statistically significant difference for the ∆E for all the studied cements, neither for ∆L, ∆a and ∆b. For the bond strength, all the studied cements showed statistically significant differences to each other, with the highest result for the RelyX Veneer® (29.07 MPa) cement, followed by the cement with CQ (21.74 MPa) and CQ+PPD (19.09 MPa) cement; the lowest result was obtained by the cement using only PPD as a photoinitiator (13.99 MPa). So, based on the studied parameters, PPD was not advantageous as photoinitiator of resin cements, because it showed a low value of bond strength to the ceramics and no superior color stability.
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Segreto DR, Naufel FS, Brandt WC, Guiraldo RD, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MAC. Influence of Photoinitiator and Light-Curing Source on Bond Strength of Experimental Resin Cements to Dentin. Braz Dent J 2016; 27:83-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the bond strength (BS) of experimental resin cements formulated with different photoinitiators when activated by two kinds of light-curing units (LCUs) through a ceramic material. Seven resin blends with different camphorquinone (CQ) and/or phenylpropanedione (PPD) concentrations (weight) were prepared: C5: 0.5% CQ; C8: 0.8% CQ; P5: 0.5% PPD; P8: 0.8% PPD; C1P4: 0.1% CQ and 0.4% PPD; C4P1: 0.4% CQ and 0.1% PPD; C4P4: 0.4% CQ and 0.4% PPD. Two LCUs were used: one quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH - 850 mW/cm²) and one light-emitting diode (LED - 1300 mW/cm²). The microtensile bond strength of each blend was assessed. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The BS values did not exhibit significant differences for LCUs, regardless of the photoinitiator type. Three cements showed significant differences: P5 and C5 had higher BS with QTH, and C4P1 with LED. For QTH, P5 showed the highest and C1P4 the lowest BS. For the LED, C4P1 showed the highest BS of all the cements. The results indicated that PPD was a viable alternative in the formulation of photocured resin cements, reducing or eliminating CQ that is yellowish without impairing the bond strength. Furthermore, both LED and QTH were effective in curing resin cements that contain PPD or CQ.
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de Oliveira DCRS, Rocha MG, Gatti A, Correr AB, Ferracane JL, Sinhoret MAC. Effect of different photoinitiators and reducing agents on cure efficiency and color stability of resin-based composites using different LED wavelengths. J Dent 2015; 43:1565-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hexaarylbiimidazoles as visible light thiol-ene photoinitiators. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1075-1089. [PMID: 26119702 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine if hexaarylbiimidazoles (HABIs) are efficient, visible light-active photoinitiators for thiol-ene systems. We hypothesize that, owing to the reactivity of lophyl radicals with thiols and the necessarily high concentration of thiol in thiol-ene formulations, HABIs will effectively initiate thiol-ene polymerization upon visible light irradiation. METHODS UV-vis absorption spectra of photoinitiator solutions were obtained using UV-vis spectroscopy, while EPR spectroscopy was used to confirm radical species generation upon HABI photolysis. Functional group conversions during photopolymerization were monitored using FTIR spectroscopy, and thermomechanical properties were determined using dynamic mechanical analysis. RESULTS The HABI derivatives investigated exhibit less absorptivity than camphorquinone at 469nm; however, they afford increased sensitivity at this wavelength when compared with bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide. Photolysis of the investigated HABIs affords lophyl radicals. Affixing hydroxyhexyl functional groups to the HABI core significantly improved solubility. Thiol-ene resins formulated with HABI photoinitiators polymerized rapidly upon irradiation with 469nm. The glass transition temperatures of the thiol-ene resin formulated with a bis(hydroxyhexyl)-functionalized HABI and photopolymerized at room and body temperature were 49.5±0.5°C and 52.2±0.1°C, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE Although thiol-enes show promise as continuous phases for composite dental restorative materials, they show poor reactivity with the conventional camphorquinone/tertiary amine photoinitiation system. Conversely, despite their relatively low visible light absorptivity, HABI photoinitiators afford rapid thiol-ene photopolymerization rates. Moreover, minor structural modifications suggest pathways for improved HABI solubility and visible light absorption.
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Dietlin C, Schweizer S, Xiao P, Zhang J, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Photopolymerization upon LEDs: new photoinitiating systems and strategies. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00258c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of LEDs as novel and efficient light sources for the photopolymerization of various monomers (acylate, epoxy), interpenetrating polymer networks and thiols–ene, leads to the development of novel photoinitiating systems adapted for the LED emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dietlin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Stéphane Schweizer
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jean-Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
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Amato PAF, Martins RP, dos Santos Cruz CA, Capella MV, Martins LP. Time reduction of light curing: Influence on conversion degree and microhardness of orthodontic composites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:40-6. [PMID: 24974997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the influence of curing time and power on the degree of conversion and surface microhardness of 3 orthodontic composites. METHODS One hundred eighty discs, 6 mm in diameter, were divided into 3 groups of 60 samples according to the composite used-Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), Opal Bond MV (Ultradent, South Jordan, Utah), and Transbond Plus Color Change (3M Unitek)- and each group was further divided into 3 subgroups (n = 20). Five samples were used to measure conversion, and 15 were used to measure microhardness. A light-emitting diode curing unit with multiwavelength emission of broad light was used for curing at 3 power levels (530, 760, and 1520 mW) and 3 times (8.5, 6, and 3 seconds), always totaling 4.56 joules. Five specimens from each subgroup were ground and mixed with potassium bromide to produce 8-mm tablets to be compared with 5 others made similarly with the respective noncured composite. These were placed into a spectrometer, and software was used for analysis. A microhardness tester was used to take Knoop hardness (KHN) measurements in 15 discs of each subgroup. The data were analyzed with 2 analysis of variance tests at 2 levels. RESULTS Differences were found in the conversion degree of the composites cured at different times and powers (P <0.01). The composites showed similar degrees of conversion when light cured at 8.5 seconds (80.7%) and 6 seconds (79.0%), but not at 3 seconds (75.0%). The conversion degrees of the composites were different, with group 3 (87.2%) higher than group 2 (83.5%), which was higher than group 1 (64.0%). Differences in microhardness were also found (P <0.01), with lower microhardness at 8.5 seconds (35.2 KHN), but no difference was observed between 6 seconds (41.6 KHN) and 3 seconds (42.8 KHN). Group 3 had the highest surface microhardness (35.9 KHN) compared with group 2 (33.7 KHN) and group 1 (30.0 KHN). CONCLUSIONS Curing time can be reduced up to 6 seconds by increasing the power, with a slight decrease in the degree of conversion at 3 seconds; the decrease has a positive effect on the surface microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato Parsekian Martins
- Invited professor, Orthodontic Program, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; private practice, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz
- Associate professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Veiga Capella
- Assistant professor, Department of Physical Chemistry, Araraquara Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lídia Parsekian Martins
- Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sun F, Li Y, Zhang N, Nie J. Initiating gradient photopolymerization and migration of a novel polymerizable polysiloxane α-hydroxy alkylphenones photoinitiator. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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ElEmbaby AES. The effects of mouth rinses on the color stability of resin-based restorative materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2014; 26:264-71. [PMID: 24980479 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the color stability of three direct resin-based restorative materials: IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Nano-filled composite (Filtek Z 350 XT, 3 M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and Nano-hybrid composite (Tetric Evo Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) upon immersion into the following three mouth rinses: Antiseptol (Kahira Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries Co. Cairo-Egypt), Flucal (Alexandria Co. Pharmaceuticals Alexandria, Egypt), and Listerine (Johnson & Johnson, UK). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety disc-shaped, 12 mm × 1 mm specimens were divided into three groups according to the type of direct resin-based restorative material used. The specimens were randomly subdivided into three different subgroups (N = 10) in terms of immersion medium. Color change was evaluated prior to and after immersion into the mouth rinses for 24 hours by spectrophotometry (Shimadzu, UV-3101 PC Shimadzu Corporation. Kyoto, Japan). RESULTS Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the color stability of the restorative materials. The post hoc Scheffe's test was applied to clarify pair-wise statistical significance. Results with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. IPS Empress Direct (ΔE = 1.48) exhibited more favorable stability than the other tested composite resins, Filtek Z 350 X (ΔE = 3.05) and Tetric Evo Ceram (ΔE = 10.35). The immersion media elicited a significant effect on the color stability of the tested, resin-based restorative materials, where Flucal elicited the most significant color change, followed by Listerine and Antiseptol, which elicited the least significant color change. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of this laboratory study, the following conclusions could be drawn: (1) The composite structure, namely the resin formulation, which includes the filler size and type of photo-initiator, has a direct impact on its susceptibility to stain by external agents; (2) Mouth rinses can be considered stainable solutions; (3) The chemical formulation of individual mouth rinses can significantly control their ability to stain. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Patient use of mouth rinses should be subject to dental supervision to control their adverse effects on the aesthetic quality of the restoration. Knowing the composition of the restorative material is important, as is its polymerization cycle and the promotion of adequate surface texture in order to select the appropriate material for each clinical application, and to use it in an effective way to promote its best properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer El-Sayed ElEmbaby
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Zhou W, Ma KQ, Tang LH, Li F, Huang L, Chen JH. Synthesis and properties of a polymerizable quaternary ammonium salt. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Department of Prosthodontics; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Ke-Qiang Ma
- Department of Stomatology; Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA; Wuhan 430061 China
| | - Li-Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Department of Dental Materials; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Department of Prosthodontics; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Department of Department of General Dentistry and Emergency; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Department of Prosthodontics; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
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Shao J, Huang Y, Fan Q. Visible light initiating systems for photopolymerization: status, development and challenges. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A review of recent advances in visible light initiating systems using free radical, cationic and hybrid photoinitiators is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles
- Ministry of Education of China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles
- Ministry of Education of China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qinguo Fan
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles
- Ministry of Education of China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Bioengineering
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Ligon SC, Husár B, Wutzel H, Holman R, Liska R. Strategies to reduce oxygen inhibition in photoinduced polymerization. Chem Rev 2013; 114:557-89. [PMID: 24083614 DOI: 10.1021/cr3005197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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Ilie N, Kreppel I, Durner J. Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1081-1088. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Fadaie P, Atai M, Imani M, Karkhaneh A, Ghasaban S. Cyanoacrylate–POSS nanocomposites: Novel adhesives with improved properties for dental applications. Dent Mater 2013; 29:e61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Carvalho PEG, Santos VMD, Isber H, Cotrim-Ferreira FA. Halogen light versus LED for bracket bonding: shear bond strength. Dental Press J Orthod 2013; 18:31.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512013000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: LED light-curing devices seek to provide a cold light activator which allows protocols of material polymerization with shorter duration. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength of bracket bonding using three types of light-curing devices: One with halogen light (Optilight Plus - Gnatus) and two with LEDs (Optilight CL - Gnatus and Elipar Freelight - 3M/ESPE). RESULTS: Comparing the results by analysis of variance, the Gnatus LED device showed an inferior statistical behavior in relation to other light sources, when activated by a short time. But, when it was used for 40 seconds, the polymerization results were consistent with the other evaluated sources. The device with the best average performance was the halogen light, followed by the 3M/ESPE LED. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the LEDs may be indicated in orthodontic practice, as long as a protocol is used for the application of light with the activation time of 40 seconds.
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Simulation of conversion profiles inside a thick dental material photopolymerized in the presence of nanofillers. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schneider LFJ, Cavalcante LM, Prahl SA, Pfeifer CS, Ferracane JL. Curing efficiency of dental resin composites formulated with camphorquinone or trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide. Dent Mater 2012; 28:392-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Network structures of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resins differ in DC, shrinkage-strain, hardness and optical properties as a function of reducing agent. Dent Mater 2011; 27:497-506. [PMID: 21388670 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of different tertiary amines on degree of conversion (DC), shrinkage-strain, shrinkage-strain rate, Knoop microhardness, and color and transmittance stabilities of experimental resins containing BisGMA/TEGDMA (3:1wt), 0.25wt% camphorquinone, 1wt% amine (DMAEMA, CEMA, DMPT, DEPT or DABE). Different light-curing protocols were also evaluated. METHODS DC was evaluated with FTIR-ATR and shrinkage-strain with the bonded-disk method. Shrinkage-strain-rate data were obtained from numerical differentiation of shrinkage-strain data with respect to time. Color stability and transmittance were evaluated after different periods of artificial aging, according to ISO 7491:2000. Results were evaluated with ANOVA, Tukey, and Dunnett's T3 tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Studied properties were influenced by amines. DC and shrinkage-strain were maximum at the sequence: CQ<DEPT<DMPT≤CEMA≈DABE<DMAEMA. Both DC and shrinkage were also influenced by the curing protocol, with positive correlations between DC and shrinkage-strain and DC and shrinkage-strain rate. Materials generally decreased in L* and increased in b*. The strong exception was the resin containing DMAEMA that did not show dark and yellow shifts. Color varied in the sequence: DMAEMA<DEPT<DMPT<CEMA<DABE. Transmittance varied in the sequence: DEPT≈DABE<DABE≈DMPT≈CEMA<DMPT≈CEMA≈DMAEMA, being more evident at the wavelength of 400nm. No correlations between DC and optical properties were observed. SIGNIFICANCE The resin containing DMAEMA showed higher DC, shrinkage-strain, shrinkage-strain rate, and microhardness, in addition to better optical properties.
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Zhang L, Xia J, Li Q, Li X, Wang S. Fast Synthesis of Hydrazine and Azo Derivatives by Oxidation of Rare-Earth-Metal−Nitrogen Bonds. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om1009928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xia
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihong Li
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Pinto CMDS, Ferreira JTL, Matsumoto MAN, Borsatto MC, Silva RABD, Romano FL. Evaluation of different LED light-curing devices for bonding metallic orthodontic brackets. Braz Dent J 2011; 22:249-53. [PMID: 21915524 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402011000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different light-emitting diodes (LED) light-curing devices for bonding orthodontic brackets, using the shear bond strength and analysis of adhesive remnant index (ARI). Crowns from 60 bovine incisors received brackets bonded with Transbond XT. Specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=15) according to the light-curing procedures: HL = control, halogen light; OR = Ortholux LED; UL = Ultraled XP, and RD = Radii LED. All light-curing procedures were performed for 40 s. Shear bond strength test was evaluated using an universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test. The ARI scores were evaluated with a stereoscopic magnifying glass and analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test. A significance level of 5% was set for all analyses. Shear bond strength means in MPa and standard deviations were 9.82 (3.28), 12.70 (3.35), 9.04 (2.80) and 11.22 (2.36) for HL, OR, UL and RD, respectively. OR presented the highest shear bond strength mean value. HL differed significantly (p<0.05) from Groups OR and RD. However, these groups did not differ significantly from each other (p>0.05). Regarding the ARI scores, no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0.05) among the groups. In conclusion, Ortholux LED and Radii LED units provided the highest values of bracket adhesive strength.
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Rahiotis C. Degree of Cure and Monomer Leaching from Orthodontic Adhesive Resins: In Vitro and in Vivo Evidence. Semin Orthod 2010. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ikemura K, Endo T. A review of the development of radical photopolymerization initiators used for designing light-curing dental adhesives and resin composites. Dent Mater J 2010; 29:481-501. [PMID: 20859059 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2009-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews our recent studies on radical photopolymerization initiators, which are used in the design of light-curing dental adhesives and resin composites, by collating information of related studies from original scientific papers, reviews, and patent literature. The photopolymerization reactivities of acylphosphine oxide (APO) and bisacylphosphine oxide (BAPO) derivatives, and D,L-camphorquinone (CQ)/tertiary amine were investigated, and no significant differences in degree of conversion (DC) were found between BAPO and CQ/amine system (p>0.05). In addition, a novel 7,7-dimethyl-2,3-dioxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyldiphenyl phosphine oxide (DOHC-DPPO=CQ-APO) was synthesized and its ultraviolet and visible (UV-VIS) spectral behavior was investigated. CQ-APO possessed two maximum absorption wavelengths (λmax) at 350-500 nm [372 nm (from APO group) and 475 nm (from CQ moiety)], and CQ-APO-containing resins exhibited good photopolymerization reactivity, excellent color tone, relaxed operation time, and high mechanical strength. It was also found that a newly synthesized, water-soluble photoinitiator (APO-Na) improved adhesion to ground dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Ikemura
- Department of Research and Development, Shofu Inc., 11 Kamitakamatsu-cho, Fukuine, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-0983, Japan.
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Brandt WC, Schneider LFJ, Frollini E, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MAC. Effect of different photo-initiators and light curing units on degree of conversion of composites. Braz Oral Res 2010; 24:263-70. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242010000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Influence of chemical structures of benzodioxole-based coinitiators on the properties of the unfilled dental resin. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3067-71. [PMID: 20170761 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of chemical structures of benzodioxole-based coinitiator on the initiating reactivity and the mechanical properties of cured samples for the unfilled dental resin, a mixture of 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxyprop-1-oxy)phenyl]propane (bis-GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) (70/30 wt.%) was photoinduced by combinations of camphorquinone (CQ) and benzodioxole derivatives. 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMEM) was used as control. The kinetics was monitored by a real-time Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the dynamic mechanical analysis was performed on a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The cytotoxicity property of the cured samples was evaluated by MTT assay in vitro using VERO as reference cell lines. The results indicated that the 4-position phenyl ring substituents of the benzodioxole-based coinitiator had great influence on the initiating reactivity. Incorporating substituents with pi electron acceptors in the 4-position of phenyl ring led to the decrease of the rate of polymerization (R(p)) of the CQ/benzodioxole derivatives. However, the electron-donating substituents were useful to increase the reactivity. When compared with CQ/amine initiating systems, the combination of CQ and benzodioxole compounds caused lower R(p) but the comparable final double bond conversion. All the cured films initiated by CQ/benzodioxole derivatives had almost the same glass transition temperature (T(g)) and storage modulus. Indirect cytotoxicity assessment indicated low cytotoxicity of benzodioxole derivatives. These results were very useful for the design of benzodioxole derivatives with satisfactory reactivity and biocompatibility, and are very important for clinical applications.
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Lamblin G, Leprince J, Devaux J, Mestdagh M, Gallez B, Leloup G. Hydroxyl radical release from dental resins: electron paramagnetic resonance evidence. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3193-8. [PMID: 20206719 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that polymeric free radicals remain trapped inside dental resins for a long time after photopolymerization. Moreover, although these high molecular mass compounds have very limited mobility, there is evidence to suggest that they disappear progressively over time. The purpose of this study was to provide new experimental data to help understand this phenomenon. To determine whether low molecular mass free radicals are released by dental composites stored in hydrophilic media, we used electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to perform spin-trapping experiments on experimental and commercial samples stored in ethanol. Under these conditions, ethoxy radicals were produced. Further experiments demonstrated that (1) hydroxyl radicals were released from the methacrylated resin and (2) they reacted with ethanol molecules to produce "secondary" ethoxy free radicals. In addition to the well-known monomer toxicity of methacrylated resins, we may have identified a new source of concern for these biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lamblin
- School of Dental Medicine and Stomatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10/5721, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
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Mu C, Sakai S, Ijima H, Kawakami K. Preparation of cell-enclosing microcapsules through photopolymerization of methacrylated alginate solution triggered by irradiation with visible light. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 109:618-21. [PMID: 20471603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A photopolymerizable, methacrylated alginate was synthesized by conjugating methacryloyl groups to the side chains of alginate. Cell-enclosing microcapsules were subsequently prepared by the photopolymerization of cell-suspending methacrylated alginate droplets triggered by irradiation with visible light. Cells enclosed by this method remained alive in the microcapsules for at least 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Mu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Park J, Ye Q, Topp EM, Misra A, Kieweg SL, Spencer P. Effect of photoinitiator system and water content on dynamic mechanical properties of a light-cured bisGMA/HEMA dental resin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:1245-51. [PMID: 19827107 PMCID: PMC2860647 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The selection of an appropriate photoinitiator system is critical for efficient polymerization of dental resins with satisfactory mechanical and physical properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding an iodonium salt to two-component photoinitiator systems. Four photoinitiator systems were included in a model bisGMA/HEMA resin and used to prepare samples at different water contents; the dynamic mechanical properties and the final degree of conversion of the samples were then characterized. Addition of the iodonium salt to the two-component photoinitiator systems increased the final degree of conversion, glass transition temperature, rubbery modulus, and crosslink density. The photoinitiator system containing ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate as a coinitiator and the iodonium salt exhibited the highest rubbery modulus. The enhanced properties in the presence of the iodonium salt can be attributed to the production of an active phenyl radical with regeneration of the original camphorquinone, which may increase the compatibility between monomers and initiators, especially in the presence of water. The results support the hypothesis that a photoinitiator system containing an iodonium salt can increase both mechanical properties and final conversion of model resin polymerized in the presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggu Park
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Topp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sarah L. Kieweg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Zhang J, Xiao P, Shi S, Nie J. Preparation and characterization of a water soluble methylatedβ-cyclodextrin/camphorquinone complex. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mousavinasab SM, Meyers I. Curing efficacy of light emitting diodes of dental curing units. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2009; 3:11-6. [PMID: 23230474 PMCID: PMC3517196 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2009.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims
The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) and light emitting diode (LED) curing lights on polymerization of resin composite.
Materials and methods
A hybrid resin composite was used to prepare samples which were cured using two QTH and ten LED light curing sources. Twelve groups, each containing ten samples, were prepared using each light source. The cured depth of the resin was determined using ISO 4049 method and Vickers hardness values were determined at 1.0 mm intervals. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test.
Results
Data analysis demonstrated a significant difference between light sources for depth of cure. At 1.0 mm below the surface all the tested light sources and at 2.0-mm intervals all light sources except two (Optilux 501 and LEDemetron I) and at 3.0-mm intervals only two light sources (PenCure and LEDemetron II) could produce hardness values higher than 80% of superficial layer values.
Conclusion This study showed that a variety of LED light sources used in the present study are as effective as the high-intensity QTH lights in polymerization of resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Mousavinasab
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Torabinejad Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Khorasgan Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Kenning NS, Ficek BA, Hoppe CC, Scranton AB. Spatial and temporal evolution of the photoinitiation rate for thick polymer systems illuminated by polychromatic light: selection of efficient photoinitiators for LED or mercury lamps. POLYM INT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Criqui A, Lalevée J, Allonas X, Fouassier JP. Electron Spin Resonance Spin Trapping Technique: Application to the Cleavage Process of Photoinitiators. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Camilotti V, Grullón PG, Mendonça MJ, D'Alpino PHP, Gomes JC. Influence of different light curing units on the bond strength of indirect resin composite restorations. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22:164-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242008000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Schroeder WF, Cook WD, Vallo CI. Photopolymerization of N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol as amine co-initiator for light-cured dental resins. Dent Mater 2008; 24:686-93. [PMID: 17804051 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out in order to assess the suitability of N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol (DMOH) as co-initiator of camphorquinone (CQ) and 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione (PPD) in light-cured dental resins. METHODS DMOH was synthesized and used as co-initiator for the photopolymerization of a model resin based on {2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxyprop-1-oxy)phenyl]propane} (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). Experimental formulations containing CQ or PPD in combination with DMOH at different concentrations were studied. The photopolymerization was carried out by means of a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) curing unit. The evolution of double bonds consumption versus irradiation time was followed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The photon absorption efficiency (PAE) of the photopolymerization process was calculated from the spectral distribution of the LED unit and the molar absorption coefficient distributions of PPD and CQ. RESULTS DMOH is an efficient photoreducer of CQ and PPD resulting in higher polymerization rate and higher double bond conversion compared with dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate. The PAE for PPD was higher than that for CQ. However, the polymerization initiated by PPD progressed at a lower rate and exhibited lower values of final conversion compared with the resins containing CQ. This observation indicates that the lower polymerization rate of the PPD/amine system should be explained in terms of the mechanism of generating primary radicals by PPD, which is less efficient compared with CQ. SIGNIFICANCE The DMOH/benzoyl peroxide redox system, has recently been proposed as a more biocompatible accelerator for the polymerization of bone cements based on poly(methyl methacrylate), because cytotoxity tests have demonstrated that DMOH possesses better biocompatibility properties compared with traditional tertiary amines. The results obtained in the present study reveal the suitability of the CQ/DMOH initiator system for the polymerization of light-cured dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter F Schroeder
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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ILIE N, HICKEL R. Can CQ Be Completely Replaced by Alternative Initiators in Dental Adhesives? Dent Mater J 2008; 27:221-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.27.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shi S, Nie J. Investigation of 3,4-methylenedioxybenzene methoxyl methacrylate as coinitiator and comonomer for dental application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 82:487-93. [PMID: 17285604 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzene methoxyl methacrylate (MDBMM) was synthesized for the purpose of replacing both triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and tertiary amine, which was usually used as a comonomer and coinitiator for dental resin, respectively. Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) was chosen as a monomer. Real time near Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) with a horizontal sample holder and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) were used to study the kinetics and mechanical properties, respectively. The results showed that the addition of MDBMM as a coinitiator in UDMA/TEGDMA/CQ (70/30/0.5 wt %) system led to the increase of the rate of polymerization. When compared with the commercial polymerizable amine, 2-(N,N-dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate (DMEM), MDBMM showed comparable initiating reactivity and led to higher modulus around human body temperature (37 degrees C). MDBMM as a comonomer resulted in slightly higher final double bond conversion than that of TEGDMA, which brought higher modulus around 37 degrees C. Therefore, MDBMM can be used as both potential coinitiator and comonomer for dental application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Chen YC, Ferracane JL, Prahl SA. Quantum yield of conversion of the photoinitiator camphorquinone. Dent Mater 2007; 23:655-64. [PMID: 16859741 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The primary absorber in dental resins is the photoinitiator, which starts the photo polymerization process. We studied the quantum yield of conversion of camphorquinone (CQ), a blue light photoinitiator, in dental resin composites using a LED lamp (3M FreeLight) and a Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) lamp (VIP) as the light curing units at five different irradiances. The molar extinction coefficient, epsilon(469), of CQ was 46+/-2 cm(-1)/(mol/L) at 469 nm. The reciprocity of irradiance and exposure time holds for changes of CQ absorption coefficient, that is, irradiance x exposure time (=radiant exposure)=constant. Both LED and QTH lamps yielded the same curing threshold (the radiant exposure when CQ absorption drops to 1/e) and the same quantum yield conversion under different irradiances. In our dental resin formulation (0.7 wt.% CQ with reducing agents 0.35 wt.% dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 0.05 wt.% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)) the quantum yield was measured as 0.07+/-0.01 CQ conversion per absorbed photon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chu Chen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Schroeder W, Arenas G, Vallo C. Monomer conversion in a light-cured dental resin containing 1-phenyl-1,2- propanedione photosensitizer. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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