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Abstract
The development and efficient production of effective bioplastics is a hot topic, required to face up to the issue of the difficult disposal of plastics derived from oil. Among the different natural sources of bioplastics, starch is one of the most promising. However, for most applications, the proper mastering of the surface properties of bioplastic is necessary. We report about the surface modification of extruded corn starch films by means of cold plasma based on helium (He) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The differently treated surfaces were functionally characterized in wettability and water absorption. The nanoscale morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The obtained images were analyzed by advanced figures describing both texture and amplitude parameters, including fractal behavior. The combined treatment (He/HMDSO) resulted in more homogeneous films with smaller, better-distributed grains compared to the case wherein He was not used. Despite the different morphologies observed, starch coated by HMDSO alone and by He/HMDSO presented similar hydrophobic character, with contact angles higher than 110°. Plasma treatment with HMDSO and He/HMDSO resulted in a significant reduction of absorbed water content without reduction of water vapor permeability. The nanotexture of the films did not present statistically significant differences, in terms of spatial complexities, dominant spatial frequencies, homogeneous void distribution, and surface percolation.
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Investigation of plasticizer aggregation problem in casein based biopolymer using chemical imaging. Talanta 2019; 193:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Harini K, Chandra Mohan C, Ramya K, Karthikeyan S, Sukumar M. Effect of Punica granatum peel extracts on antimicrobial properties in Walnut shell cellulose reinforced Bio-thermoplastic starch films from cashew nut shells. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:231-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhu F. Structures, properties, modifications, and uses of oat starch. Food Chem 2017; 229:329-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Effect of Plasticizer Type and Concentration on Tensile, Thermal and Barrier Properties of Biodegradable Films Based on Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Starch. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7061106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mohammadi Nafchi A, Moradpour M, Saeidi M, Alias AK. Thermoplastic starches: Properties, challenges, and prospects. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Injection Molding and its application to drug delivery. J Control Release 2012; 159:324-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de Oliveira Romera C, de Moraes JO, Zoldan VC, Pasa AA, Laurindo JB. Use of transient and steady-state methods and AFM technique for investigating the water transfer through starch-based films. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pushpadass HA, Hanna MA. Age-Induced Changes in the Microstructure and Selected Properties of Extruded Starch Films Plasticized with Glycerol and Stearic Acid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801922z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heartwin A. Pushpadass
- Industrial Agricultural Products Center, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, L.W. Chase Hall, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Milford A. Hanna
- Industrial Agricultural Products Center, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, L.W. Chase Hall, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Nebraska
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Wu Q, Wu Z, Tian H, Zhang Y, Cai S. Structure and Properties of Tough Thermoplastic Starch Modified with Polyurethane Microparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801005w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangxian Wu
- Green Polymer Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China 430079 and Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072
| | - Zhengshun Wu
- Green Polymer Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China 430079 and Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072
| | - Huafeng Tian
- Green Polymer Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China 430079 and Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072
| | - Yu Zhang
- Green Polymer Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China 430079 and Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072
| | - Shuilian Cai
- Green Polymer Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China 430079 and Polymer Science Department, College of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072
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Dong J, Dicharry R, Waxman E, Parnas RS, Asandei AD. Imaging and Thermal Studies of Wheat Gluten/Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Wheat Gluten/Thiolated Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blends. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:568-73. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7011136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- University of Connecticut, Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Institute of Materials Science, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Department of Chemistry, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Dicharry
- University of Connecticut, Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Institute of Materials Science, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Department of Chemistry, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Eleanor Waxman
- University of Connecticut, Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Institute of Materials Science, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Department of Chemistry, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Richard S. Parnas
- University of Connecticut, Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Institute of Materials Science, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Department of Chemistry, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Alexandru D. Asandei
- University of Connecticut, Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Institute of Materials Science, Storrs, Connecticut, University of Connecticut, Department of Chemistry, Storrs, Connecticut
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Thiré RM, Andrade CT, Simão RA. Effect of aging on the microstructure of plasticized cornstarch films. POLIMEROS 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282005000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Probing the interface behaviour of injection molded thermoplastics by micro-thermal analysis and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang JJ, Li T, Bateman SD, Erck R, Morris KR. Modeling of adhesion in tablet compression--I. Atomic force microscopy and molecular simulation. J Pharm Sci 2003; 92:798-814. [PMID: 12661065 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion problems during tablet manufacturing have been observed to be dependent on many formulation and process factors including the run time on the tablet press. Consequently, problems due to sticking may only become apparent towards the end of the development process when a prolonged run on the tablet press is attempted for the first time. It would be beneficial to predict in a relative sense if a formulation or new chemical entity has the potential for adhesion problems early in the development process. It was hypothesized that favorable intermolecular interaction between the drug molecules and the punch face is the first step or criterion in the adhesion process. Therefore, the rank order of adhesion during tablet compression should follow the rank order of these energies of interaction. The adhesion phenomenon was investigated using molecular simulations and contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three model compounds were chosen from a family of "profen" compounds. Silicon nitride AFM tips were modified by coating a 20-nm iron layer on the surfaces by sputter coating. Profen flat surfaces were made by melting and recrystallization. The modified AFM probe and each profen surface were immersed in the corresponding profen saturated water during force measurements using AFM. The work of adhesion between iron and ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and flurbiprofen in vacuum were determined to be -184.1, -2469.3, -17.3 mJ. m(-2), respectively. The rank order of the work of adhesion between iron and profen compounds decreased in the order: ketoprofen > ibuprofen > flurbiprofen. The rank order of interaction between the drug molecules and the iron superlattice as predicted by molecular simulation using Cerius(2) is in agreement with the AFM measurements. It has been demonstrated that Atomic Force Microscopy is a powerful tool in studying the adhesion phenomena between organic drug compounds and metal surface. The study has provided insight into the adhesion problems occurring during tablet compression and a direction for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Wang
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Krogars K, Heinämäki J, Karjalainen M, Niskanen A, Leskelä M, Yliruusi J. Enhanced stability of rubbery amylose-rich maize starch films plasticized with a combination of sorbitol and glycerol. Int J Pharm 2003; 251:205-8. [PMID: 12527190 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Well known aging problems with rubbery starch films are the migration of plasticizer and increased crystallinity leading to embrittlement. The effects of a combination of sorbitol and glycerol used as plasticizers on mechanical, moisture permeability and solid-state properties of rubbery amylose maize starch (Hylon VII) films were studied. The films were prepared by casting and were exposed to conditions of 25 degrees C/60% relative humidity (RH) and 40 degrees C/75% RH for 9 months. The starch films plasticized with a combination of sorbitol and glycerol (1:1) at equal amount to the polymer weight, were shown to be the most stable alternative of the studied films during the 9 months storage period. The water vapor transmission (WVTR) of the films did not change during the period of storage and neither did the elongation at break, but the tensile strength increased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that during storage no crystallization had occurred. The combination of sorbitol and glycerol prevented the migration of the plasticizer molecules out of the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krogars
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P O Box 56, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Rindlav-Westling A, Gatenholm P. Surface composition and morphology of starch, amylose, and amylopectin films. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:166-72. [PMID: 12523862 DOI: 10.1021/bm0256810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of solution-cast films of starch, amylose, and amylopectin were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The surface topography visualized by SEM showed that amylopectin films were very smooth whereas amylose and starch films were rougher. It appears that crystallinity or phase separation in the bulk of the film affects the surface topography. AFM showed that the outmost surfaces of all films were covered with small protrusions, 15-35 nm wide and 1-4 nm high. Studies with ESCA revealed the presence of 3-8% nitrogen on the surfaces. ToF-SIMS indicated that the nitrogen originates from protein because ionic fragments from amino acids and the peptide backbone were found. Extracts from the top surface layer of the starch film showed protein bands in gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) around 60 kDa, which is in the same molecular weight range as the biosynthesizing enzyme GBSS I present in starch granules. The proteins apparently phase separated during film formation and migrated to the surface, resulting in an extensive enrichment of proteins in the film surface, where about 8% of the protein is present in the top 0.01% of the film. We believe that the protrusions observed with AFM could be one or a few proteins aggregated side by side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Rindlav-Westling
- Biopolymer Technology, Department of Material and Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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