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Fan L, Hu J, Guo Z, Chen S, He Q. Shoot Nutrition and Flavor Variation in Two Phyllostachys Species: Does the Quality of Edible Bamboo Shoot Diaphragm and Flesh Differ? Foods 2023; 12:foods12061180. [PMID: 36981107 PMCID: PMC10048675 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For their quality evaluation, it is essential to determine both bamboo shoot nutrition and palatability, which will have a decisive effect on their economic value and market potential. However, differences in shoot nutrition and flavor variation among bamboo species, positions, and components have not been scientifically validated. This study assessed nutritional and flavor differences in two components (i.e., shoot flesh (BSF) and diaphragm (BSD)) of two Phyllostachys species (i.e., Phyllostachys edulis and Phyllostachys violascens) and analyzed any positional variation. Results showed that BSF protein, starch, fat, and vitamin C contents were comparatively higher. Nutrient compounds in the upper shoot segment of Ph. edulis were higher and contained less cellulose and lignin. However, both species’ BSD total acid, oxalic acid, and tannin contents were comparable. BSD soluble sugar and sugar:acid ratio were higher than upper BSD total amino acid, four key amino acids (i.e., essential amino acid, bitter amino acid, umami amino acid, and sweet amino acid flavor compounds), and associated ratios were all higher than BSF while also being rich in amino acids. The content and proportion of BSF essential and bitter amino acid flavor compounds in Ph. edulis were high relative to Ph. violascens. Conversely, the content and proportion of BSD umami and sweet amino acid flavor compounds were comparable to that of Ph. edulis. Our results showed that bamboo shoot quality was affected by flavor compound differences and that interspecific and shoot components interact. This study offers a new perspective to determine the formative mechanisms involved in bamboo shoot quality while providing a basis for their different usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fan
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Hangzhou Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Ziwu Guo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shuanglin Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qijiang He
- Hangzhou Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310005, China
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Structure-function relationships of pectic polysaccharides from broccoli by-products with in vitro B lymphocyte stimulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120432. [PMID: 36657866 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To study structure-function relationships of pectic polysaccharides with their immunostimulatory activity, broccoli by-products were used. Pectic polysaccharides composed by 64 mol% uronic acids, 18 mol% Ara, and 10 mol% Gal, obtained by hot water extraction, activated B lymphocytes in vitro (25-250 μg/mL). To disclose active structural features, combinations of ethanol and chromatographic fractionation and modification of the polysaccharides were performed. Polysaccharides insoluble in 80 % ethanol (Et80) showed higher immunostimulatory activity than the pristine mixture, which was independent of molecular weight range (12-400 kDa) and removal of terminal or short Ara side chains. Chemical sulfation did not promote B lymphocyte activation. However, the action of pectin methylesterase and endo-polygalacturonase on hot water extracted polysaccharides produced an acidic fraction with a high immunostimulatory activity. The de-esterified homogalacturonan region seem to be an important core to confer pectic polysaccharides immunostimulatory activity. Therefore, agri-food by-products are a source of pectic polysaccharide functional food ingredients.
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Nartea A, Falcone PM, Torri L, Ghanbarzadeh B, Frega NG, Pacetti D. Modeling Softening Kinetics at Cellular Scale and Phytochemicals Extractability in Cauliflower under Different Cooking Treatments. Foods 2021; 10:1969. [PMID: 34574079 PMCID: PMC8472173 DOI: 10.3390/foods10091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects induced by heat on Depurple and Cheddar (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) during boiling, steaming, and sous-vide were investigated to elucidate the role of the basic cellular elements in softening and extractability of sterols and tocopherols. With this aim, an elastoplastic mechanical model was conceptualized at a cell scale-size and validated under creep experiments. The total amount of the phytochemicals was used to validate multivariate regression models in forecasting. Boiling was the most effective method to enhance the softening mechanisms causing tissue decompartmentalization through cell wall loosening with respect to those causing cell separation, having no impact on the phytochemical extractability. Sous-vide showed the lowest impact on cell wall integrity, but the highest in terms of cell separation. Steaming showed an intermediate behavior. Tissue of the Depurple cauliflower was the most resistant to the heat, irrespectively to the heating technology. Local heterogeneity in the cell wall and cell membrane, expected as a plant variety-dependent functional property, was proposed as a possible explanation because sterol extractability under lower heat-transfer efficiency, i.e., steaming and sous-vide, decreased in Depurple and increased in Cheddar as well as because the extractability of sterols and tocopherols was greater in Cheddar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Nartea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A)—Marche University Polytechnical, Monte Dago, Via Brecce Bianche, 10-60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.N.); (N.G.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Pasquale Massimiliano Falcone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A)—Marche University Polytechnical, Monte Dago, Via Brecce Bianche, 10-60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.N.); (N.G.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Luisa Torri
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, 9-12042 Pollenzo, Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Babak Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Natale Giuseppe Frega
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A)—Marche University Polytechnical, Monte Dago, Via Brecce Bianche, 10-60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.N.); (N.G.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Deborah Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A)—Marche University Polytechnical, Monte Dago, Via Brecce Bianche, 10-60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.N.); (N.G.F.); (D.P.)
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Ferreira SS, Passos CP, Cardoso SM, Wessel DF, Coimbra MA. Microwave assisted dehydration of broccoli by-products and simultaneous extraction of bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2018; 246:386-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Transcriptome analysis provides insights into xylogenesis formation in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoot. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3951. [PMID: 29500441 PMCID: PMC5834459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturation-related changes in cell wall composition and the molecular mechanisms underlying cell wall changes were investigated from the apical, middle and basal segments in moso bamboo shoot (MBS). With maturation extent from apical to basal regions in MBS, lignin and cellulose content increased, whereas heteroxylan exhibited a decreasing trend. Activities of phenylalanine amonnialyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), which are involved in lignin biosynthesis, increased rapidly from the apex to the base sections. The comparative transcriptomic analysis was carried out to identify some key genes involved in secondary cell walls (SCW) formation underlying the cell wall compositions changes including 63, 8, 18, and 31 functional unigenes encoding biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, xylan and NAC-MYB-based transcription factors, respectively. Genes related to secondary cell wall formation and lignin biosynthesis had higher expression levels in the middle and basal segments compared to those in the apical segments. Furthermore, the expression profile of PePAL gene showed positive relationships with cellulose-related gene PeCESA4, xylan-related genes PeIRX9 and PeIRX10. Our results indicated that lignification occurred in the more mature middle and basal segments in MBS at harvest while lignification of MBS were correlated with higher expression levels of PeCESA4, PeIRX9 and PeIRX10 genes.
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Schäfer J, Bunzel M. Maturation-related modifications of cell wall structures of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes). Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-3008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schäfer J, Stanojlovic L, Trierweiler B, Bunzel M. Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) stems. Food Res Int 2016; 93:43-51. [PMID: 28290279 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. Freshly harvested broccoli and broccoli stored at 20°C and 1°C for different periods of time were analyzed. Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. During storage, insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems increased up to 13%. Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. Broccoli stem lignins are generally rich in guaiacyl units. Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. Incorporation of syringyl units into the polymers over storage predominantly occurs through β-O-4-linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Luisa Stanojlovic
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Trierweiler
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Zhao X, Ouyang K, Gan S, Zeng W, Song L, Zhao S, Li J, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Chen XY, Marchant A, Deng X, Wu AM. Biochemical and molecular changes associated with heteroxylan biosynthesis in Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:602. [PMID: 25426124 PMCID: PMC4224071 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Wood, derived from plant secondary growth, is a commercially important material. Both cellulose and lignin assembly have been well studied during wood formation (xylogenesis), but heteroxylan biosynthesis is less well defined. Elucidation of the heteroxylan biosynthetic pathway is crucial to understand the mechanism of wood formation. Here, we use Neolamarckia cadamba, a fast-growing tropical tree, as a sample to analyze heteroxylan formation at the biochemical and molecular levels during wood formation. Analysis of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides isolated from N. cadamba stems shows that heteroxylans dominate non-cellulosic polysaccharides and increase with xylogenesis. Microsomes isolated from stems of 1-year-old N. cadamba exhibited UDP-Xyl synthase and xylosyltransferase activities with the highest activity present in the middle and basal stem regions. To further understand the genetic basis of heteroxylan synthesis, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to generate transcriptomes of N. cadamba during xylogenesis. The RNA-seq results showed that genes related to heteroxylan synthesis had higher expression levels in the middle and basal part of the stem compared to the apical part. Our results describe the heteroxylan distribution and heteroxylan synthesis trait in N. cadamba and give a new example for understanding the mechanism of heteroxylan synthesis in tropical tree species in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, GuangzhouChina
| | - Kunxi Ouyang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, GuangzhouChina
| | - Siming Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, BeijingChina
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, GuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zeng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VICAustralia
| | - Lili Song
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, HangzhouChina
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, GuangzhouChina
| | - Juncheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, GuangzhouChina
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VICAustralia
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VICAustralia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VICAustralia
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, GuangzhouChina
| | - Alan Marchant
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, SouthamptonUK
| | - Xiaomei Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, GuangzhouChina
- College of Forest, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- *Correspondence: Xiaomei Deng and Ai-Min Wu, College of Forest, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China e-mail: ;
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, GuangzhouChina
- College of Forest, South China Agricultural University, GuangzhouChina
- *Correspondence: Xiaomei Deng and Ai-Min Wu, College of Forest, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China e-mail: ;
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Prakash R, Johnston SL, Boldingh HL, Redgwell RJ, Atkinson RG, Melton LD, Brummell DA, Schröder R. Mannans in tomato fruit are not depolymerized during ripening despite the presence of endo-β-mannanase. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1125-1133. [PMID: 22658221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls of tomato fruit contain hemicellulosic mannans that may fulfill a structural role. Two populations were purified from cell walls of red ripe tomato tissue and named galactoglucomannan-glucuronoxylan I and II (GGM-GX I and II), respectively. Both polysaccharides not only consisted of mannose, glucose and galactose, indicating the presence of GGM, but also contained xylose and glucuronic acid, indicating the presence of GX. Treatment of both polysaccharides with xylanase or endo-β-mannanase showed that the GX and the GGM were associated in a complex. The composition of GGM-GX II changed slightly during tomato ripening, but both GGM-GX I and II showed no change in molecular weight, indicating that they were not hydrolyzed during ripening. Ripe tomato fruit also possess an endo-β-mannanase, an enzyme that in vitro was capable of either hydrolyzing GGM-GX I and II (endo-β-mannanase activity), or transglycosylating them in the presence of mannan oligosaccharides (mannan transglycosylase activity). The lack of evidence for hydrolysis of these potential substrates in vivo suggests either that the enzyme and potential substrates are not accessible to each other for some reason, or that the main activity of endo-β-mannanase is not hydrolysis but transglycosylation, a reaction in which polysaccharide substrates and end-products are indistinguishable. Transglycosylation would remodel rather than weaken the cell wall and allow the fruit epidermis to possibly retain flexibility and plasticity to resist cracking and infection when the fruit is ripe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roneel Prakash
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Kaur R, Garcia S, Fulkerson W, Barchia I. Degradation kinetics of leaves, petioles and stems of forage rape (Brassica napus) as affected by maturity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu M, Qian B, Zhang H, Deng Y, Shen Y, Ping J, Cao L. Sanitizer treatments alleviate lignification of sliced few-flower wildrice (Zizania latifolia Turcz.). Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xing JM, Li FF. Purification of aloe polysaccharides by using aqueous two-phase extraction with desalination. Nat Prod Res 2010; 23:1424-30. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410902800657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Xing
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
| | - Fen-Fang Li
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China
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Xing JM, Li FF. Separation and purification of Aloe polysaccharides by a combination of membrane ultrafiltration and aqueous two-phase extraction. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 158:11-9. [PMID: 19415529 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A two-step process was developed for the purification of polysaccharides from the pulp of Aloe varavia using aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) extraction and a novel copolymer ultrafiltration membrane. The first step was ATPS under optimal separations conditions using a total composition of 18% PEG2000, 25% ammonium sulfate, pH 3.0, and 0.3 M NaCl. To form the copolymer membrane, poly(acrylonitrile-acrylamide-styrene) was prepared by solution polycondensation using azoisobutyronitrile as initiator. Then, membranes were formed from the dissolved copolymer by the phase inversion method. Copolymer structure was investigated by infrared spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The copolymer membrane surface and cross section were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The water flux of this membrane was 26.33 mL/(cm(2) h), and retention was 96% for bovine serum albumin and 34% for dextran T40000. The separation and purification of aloe polysaccharide were carried using this copolymer membrane following ATPS. The TGA of aloe polysaccharide demonstrated a high purity of the polysaccharide. By gas chromatographic analysis, it was shown that mannose is the main monosaccharide in the aloe polysaccharide, and only a few glucose residues are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-min Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Le Bourvellec C, Guyot S, Renard C. Interactions between apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) polyphenols and cell walls modulate the extractability of polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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A novel approach to quality and authenticity control of fruit products using fractionation and characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides. Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Evans BW, Snape CE, Jarvis MC. Lignification in relation to the biennial growth habit in brassicas. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 63:765-769. [PMID: 12877916 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The forage brassicas are a useful model system for the study of wood formation because the thickened cell walls of their vascular tissue can vary widely in lignin content. Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy was used to quantify lignin, and determine features of its structure, in the vascular cell walls of forage rape (Brassica napus L.), and Thousandhead and marrowstem cultivars of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). During the first season of vegetative growth, lignin levels in these cell walls remained low in the upper part of the stems despite the physical resemblance of this tissue to wood. The extended flowering stems produced in the following year were thinner and their vascular tissue contained much more strongly lignified cell walls. The structure of the lignin was typical of angiosperm wood. It showed only small variations in syringyl/guaiacyl ratio, but this ratio increased with lignin content and thus with the proportion of the lignin that was associated with secondary cell-wall layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Evans
- Chemistry Department, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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Femenia A, Bestard M, Sanjuan N, Rosselló C, Mulet A. Effect of rehydration temperature on the cell wall components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Var. italica) plant tissues. J FOOD ENG 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0260-8774(00)00078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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