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Panina SB, Pei J, Baran N, Tjahjono E, Patel S, Alatrash G, Konoplev S, Stolbov LA, Poroikov VV, Konopleva M, Kirienko NV. Novel mitochondria-targeting compounds selectively kill human leukemia cells. Leukemia 2022; 36:2009-2021. [PMID: 35672446 PMCID: PMC11088873 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive hematological malignancies commonly associated with treatment resistance, high risk of relapse, and mitochondrial dysregulation. We identified six mitochondria-affecting compounds (PS compounds) that exhibit selective cytotoxicity against AML cells in vitro. Structure-activity relationship studies identified six analogs from two original scaffolds that had over an order of magnitude difference between LD50 in AML and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mechanistically, all hit compounds reduced ATP and selectively impaired both basal and ATP-linked oxygen consumption in leukemic cells. Compounds derived from PS127 significantly upregulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AML cells and triggered ferroptotic, necroptotic, and/or apoptotic cell death in AML cell lines and refractory/relapsed AML primary samples. These compounds exhibited synergy with several anti-leukemia agents in AML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Pilot in vivo efficacy studies indicate anti-leukemic efficacy in a MOLM14/GFP/LUC xenograft model, including extended survival in mice injected with leukemic cells pre-treated with PS127B or PS127E and in mice treated with PS127E at a dose of 5 mg/kg. These compounds are promising leads for development of future combinatorial therapeutic approaches for mitochondria-driven hematologic malignancies such as AML, ALL, and CML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingqi Pei
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elissa Tjahjono
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shraddha Patel
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gheath Alatrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Guenova ML, Balatzenko GN, Nikolova VR, Spassov BV, Konstantinov SM. An anti-apoptotic pattern correlates with multidrug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia patients: a comparative study of active caspase-3, cleaved PARPs, Bcl-2, Survivin and MDR1 gene. Hematology 2013; 15:135-43. [DOI: 10.1179/102453309x12583347113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita L. Guenova
- Blood Diseases Diagnostic UnitLaboratory of Haematopathology and Immunology, National Specialised Hospital for Active Treatment of Haematological Diseases, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
| | - Gueorgui N. Balatzenko
- Blood Diseases Diagnostic UnitLaboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, National Specialised Hospital for Active Treatment of Haematological Diseases, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
| | - Vessela R. Nikolova
- Blood Diseases Diagnostic UnitLaboratory of Haematopathology and Immunology, National Specialised Hospital for Active Treatment of Haematological Diseases, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
| | - Branimir V. Spassov
- Department of Clinical HaematologyNational Specialised Hospital for Active Treatment of Haematological Diseases, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
| | - Spiro M. Konstantinov
- Laboratory for Experimental ChemotherapyMedical University of Sofia, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
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Abstract
Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) has long been a standard treatment for lymphoma. Improvements to the efficacy of this regimen can be made by increasing the doses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, as in the chemotherapeutic regimen of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, and prednisone (ACVBP), and by reducing the standard dosing interval, as seen with the CHOP-14 regimen. Adding the immunotherapeutic agent rituximab (R) to either CHOP or ACVBP has been shown to improve outcomes significantly, such that six cycles of R-CHOP plus two cycles of ritux-imab are as effective as eight cycles of R-CHOP, and R-CHOP-21 appears to be at least as effective as the more dose-intense R-CHOP-14. In patients who have several adverse prognostic factors, R-ACVBP plus autologous stem-cell transplantation has been shown to produce good treatment outcomes. The use of positron emission tomography scanning before and early in treatment should allow prediction of long-term outcomes, and therefore the adaptation of treatment to individual prognosis and treatment needs. In patients with follicular lymphoma, rituximab has been shown to improve the efficacy of conventional chemotherapies. In addition, rituximab alone or yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan are effective maintenance therapies in this condition.
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Balatzenko G, Vundinti BR, Margarita G. Correlation between the type of bcr-abl transcripts and blood cell counts in chronic myeloid leukemia - a possible influence of mdr1 gene expression. Hematol Rep 2011; 3:e3. [PMID: 22184525 PMCID: PMC3238477 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2011.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of BCR-ABL mRNA type (b3a2 vs. b2a2) on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) phenotype is still a subject of controversies. We searched for a correlation between the BCR-ABL transcripts type and CML patients' characteristics, including MDR1 gene expression. Ninety-eight untreated chronic phase CML patients were studied. The type of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts and MDR1 gene expression were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. B3a2 and b2a2 transcripts were found in 53 [54%] and 44 [45%] patients, respectively. One patient co-expressed b3a2/b2a2 and was excluded from analysis. The only difference in the clinical characteristics between the two groups was the platelets count, that was higher in b3a2((+)) patients [791.3±441.3×10(9)/L vs. 440.4±283.4×10(9)/L in b2a2((+)); P=0.007]. MDR1 over-expression [MDR1((+))] was observed in 48 patients (49.5%), more frequently in older patients >60 years [71% (24/34) vs. 38% (24/63) in younger; P=0.008], and was associated with a lower white blood cells (WBC) count [105.5±79.8× 10(9)/L vs. 143.6±96.5×10(9)/L in MDR1((-)) cases; P=0.047]. On performing the analysis only within the MDR1((+)) group, the b(3)a(2) ((+)) cases were characterized with a significantly higher platelets count [908.7±470.1×10(9)/L vs. 472.9±356.1×10(9)/L; P=0.006] and a lower WBC count [85.4±61.2×10(9)/L vs. 130±93.9×10(9)/L; P=0.004) compared to b2a2((+)) patients. No similar differences were found between b3a2((+)) and b2a2((+)) groups with normal MDR1 levels. These results indicate that the type of BCR-ABL transcripts correlates with the hematological parameters of CML, however only in the subgroup of patients characterized by MDR1 over-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gueorgui Balatzenko
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, National Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Hematological Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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