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Wei YL, Lei YQ, Ye ZJ, Zhuang XD, Zhu LP, Wang XR, Cao H. Effects of bepridil on early cardiac development of zebrafish. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:375-391. [PMID: 36422735 PMCID: PMC9686465 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bepridil is a commonly used medication for arrhythmia and heart failure. It primarily exerts hemodynamic effects by inhibiting Na+/K+ movement and regulating the Na+/Ca2+ exchange. In comparison to other Ca2+ inhibitors, bepridil has a long half-life and a complex pharmacology. Additionally, it is widely used in antiviral research and the treatment of various diseases. However, the toxicity of this compound and its other possible effects on embryonic development are unknown. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of bepridil on rat myocardial H9c2 cells. After treatment with bepridil, the cells became overloaded with Ca2+ and entered a state of cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear abnormality. Bepridil treatment resulted in several morphological abnormalities in zebrafish embryo models, including pericardium enlargement, yolk sac swelling, and growth stunting. The hemodynamic effects on fetal development resulted in abnormal cardiovascular circulation and myocardial weakness. After inhibiting the Ca2+ transmembrane, the liver of zebrafish larvae also displayed an ectopic and deficient spatial location. Additionally, the results of the RNA-seq analysis revealed the detailed gene expression profiles and metabolic responses to bepridil treatment in zebrafish embryonic development. Taken together, our study provides an important evaluation of antiarrhythmic agents for clinical use in prenatal heart patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Zhou-Jie Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhuang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Hua Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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2
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Zhang Q, Ma XM, Wei HX, Zhao X, Luo J. Covalently anchored tertiary amine functionalized ionic liquid on silica coated nano-Fe3O4 as a novel, efficient and magnetically recoverable catalyst for the unsymmetrical Hantzsch reaction and Knoevenagel condensation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10692k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel MNP-supported basic IL catalyst was prepared and used as a magnetically recoverable catalyst for Hantzsch and Knoevenagel condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Huai-Xin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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Cao WL, Huang HB, Fang L, Hu JN, Jin ZM, Wang RW. Protective effect of ginkgo proanthocyanidins against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury associated with its antioxidant effects. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1779-1783. [PMID: 28123420 PMCID: PMC5204232 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.194722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins have been shown to effectively protect ischemic neurons, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. Ginkgo proanthocyanidins (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours before reperfusion. Results showed that ginkgo proanthocyanidins could effectively mitigate neurological disorders, shorten infarct volume, increase superoxide dismutase activity, and decrease malondialdehyde and nitric oxide contents. Simultaneously, the study on grape seed proanthocyanidins (40 mg/kg) confirmed that different sources of proanthocyanidins have a similar effect. The neurological outcomes of ginkgo proanthocyanidins were similar to that of nimodipine in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our results suggest that ginkgo proanthocyanidins can effectively lessen cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and protect ischemic brain tissue and these effects are associated with antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Li Cao
- Zhejiang Modern Chinese Medicine and Natural Drug Research Academy Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Huang
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- Zhejiang Modern Chinese Medicine and Natural Drug Research Academy Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhu-Ming Jin
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ru-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Modern Chinese Medicine and Natural Drug Research Academy Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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4
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New Verapamil Analogs Inhibit Intracellular Mycobacteria without Affecting the Functions of Mycobacterium-Specific T Cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:1216-25. [PMID: 26643325 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01567-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in repurposing mycobacterial efflux pump inhibitors, such as verapamil, for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. To aid in the design of better analogs, we studied the effects of verapamil on macrophages and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cells. Macrophage activation was evaluated by measuring levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Since verapamil is a known autophagy inducer, the roles of autophagy induction in the antimycobacterial activities of verapamil and norverapamil were studied using bone marrow-derived macrophages from ATG5(flox/flox) (control) and ATG5(flox/flox) Lyz-Cre mice. Our results showed that despite the well-recognized effects of verapamil on calcium channels and autophagy, its action on intracellular M. tuberculosis does not involve macrophage activation or autophagy induction. Next, the effects of verapamil and norverapamil on M. tuberculosis-specific T cells were assessed using flow cytometry following the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from TB-skin-test-positive donors with M. tuberculosis whole-cell lysate for 7 days in the presence or absence of drugs. We found that verapamil and norverapamil inhibit the expansion of M. tuberculosis-specific T cells. Additionally, three new verapamil analogs were found to inhibit intracellular Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and one of the three analogs (KSV21) inhibited intracellular M. tuberculosis replication at concentrations that did not inhibit M. tuberculosis-specific T cell expansion. KSV21 also inhibited mycobacterial efflux pumps to the same degree as verapamil. More interestingly, the new analog enhances the inhibitory activities of isoniazid and rifampin on intracellular M. tuberculosis. In conclusion, KSV21 is a promising verapamil analog on which to base structure-activity relationship studies aimed at identifying more effective analogs.
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Al-Gayyar MMH, Abdelsaid MA, Matragoon S, Pillai BA, El-Remessy AB. Thioredoxin interacting protein is a novel mediator of retinal inflammation and neurotoxicity. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:170-80. [PMID: 21434880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Up-regulation of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx), compromises cellular antioxidant and anti-apoptotic defences and stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, implying a role for TXNIP in apoptosis. Here we have examined the causal role of TXNIP expression in mediating retinal neurotoxicity and assessed the neuroprotective actions of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker and an inhibitor of TXNIP expression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Retinal neurotoxicity was induced by intravitreal injection of NMDA in Sprague-Dawley rats, which received verapamil (10 mg·kg(-1), p.o.) or vehicle. Neurotoxicity was examined by terminal dUTP nick-end labelling assay and ganglion cell count. Expression of TXNIP, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1), NF-κB, p38 MAPK, JNK, cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-nonenal were examined by Western and slot-blot analysis. Release of TNF-α and IL-1β was examined by elisa. KEY RESULTS NMDA injection enhanced TXNIP expression, decreased Trx activity, causing increased oxidative stress, glial activation and release of TNF-α and IL-1β. Enhanced TXNIP expression disrupted Trx/ASK-1 inhibitory complex leading to release of ASK-1 and activation of the pro-apoptotic p38 MAPK/JNK pathway, as indicated by cleaved PARP and caspase-3 expression. Treatment with verapamil blocked these effects. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Elevated TXNIP expression contributed to retinal neurotoxicity by three different mechanisms, inducing release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β, altering antioxidant status and disrupting the Trx-ASK-1 inhibitory complex leading to activation of the p38 MAPK/JNK apoptotic pathway. Targeting TXNIP expression is a potential therapeutic target for retinal neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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Weizman R, Getslev V, Pankova IA, Schrieber S, Pick CG. Pharmacological interaction of the calcium channel blockers verapamil and flunarizine with the opioid system. Brain Res 1999; 818:187-95. [PMID: 10082803 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the opioid antinociceptive mechanism of the calcium channel blockers verapamil and flunarizine in groups of mice with the hotplate test. Both produced a naloxone-sensitive dose-dependent analgesia. The antinociceptive effect of both was reversed by beta-FNA, (mu1 and mu2 antagonists), and both enhanced the antinociceptive activity of morphine, implying a role for mu receptors. Furthermore, since the analgesic effect of flunarizine, but not verapamil, was reversed by naloxonazine (mu1 antagonist), we suggest that the mu1 subtype is involved in flunarizine analgesia, but not in verapamil analgesia. Studies with the selective delta opioid agonist DPDPE and the selective antagonists naltrindole indicated that the antinociceptive activity of verapamil is also mediated by delta receptor agonistic activity (primarily following i.c.v. administration); flunarizine, by contrast, exhibited antagonistic activity at this receptor. Verapamil amplified the antinociceptive activity of kappa1 (U50,488H) and kappa3 (nalorphine) agonists, but its known analgesic activity was inhibited only partially by the kappa1 antagonist Nor-BNI, indicating partial involvement of kappa1 receptor. Flunarizine, however, demonstrated antagonistic activity at both kappa1 and kappa3 receptors, with more prominent inhibitory activity at the latter one. These findings suggest that verapamil and flunarizine elicit analgesia at both the spinal and supraspinal levels. Verapamil's analgesia was explained by agonistic activity at the mu, delta and may also be kappa3 receptor subtypes. Flunarizine exhibited a mixed agonistic-antagonistic opioid activity as shown by its agonistic activity at the mu1 receptor and antagonistic activity at delta, kappa1 and kappa3 receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weizman
- Tel Aviv Community Mental Health Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
A number of idiopathic, pathological and pharmacological reactions may result in an overgrowth of the gingiva. This review concentrates on those overgrowths associated with various pharmacological agents. The pharmaco-kinetics and side effects of each drug associated with gingival overgrowth are discussed along with the clinical and histological features and treatment. By examining the possible pathogeneses for these overgrowths we propose a unifying hypothesis for the causation based around inhibition of apoptosis and decreased collagenase activity modulated by cytoplasmic calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Marshall
- Department of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Cutler NR, Anders RJ, Jhee SS, Sramek JJ, Awan NA, Bultas J, Lahiri A, Woroszylska M. Placebo-controlled evaluation of three doses of a controlled-onset, extended-release formulation of verapamil in the treatment of stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75:1102-6. [PMID: 7762493 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new controlled-onset, extended-release formulation of verapamil hydrochloride called physiologic pattern release (PPR) verapamil. The study was conducted at 24 sites (13 United States, 5 Canada, 6 overseas; see Appendix). Following a 1- to 3-week single-blind placebo lead-in period, 278 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris (247 males, 31 females, mean age 60.8 years, range 32 to 78) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 once-daily, fixed-dose treatment groups: verapamil 180, 360, or 540 mg, or placebo. PPR verapamil at all doses significantly increased (p < 0.05) time to moderate angina and symptom-limited exercise duration, and verapamil 360 mg significantly increased (p < 0.05) time to > or = 1 mm ST-segment depression, after 4 weeks of treatment when assessed 24 hour after the previous dose. Larger doses of verapamil were associated with proportionately greater improvements in exercise tolerance. Frequency of anginal attacks was also reduced by verapamil. The most frequently observed adverse events were dizziness, headache, constipation, and nausea. The incidence of constipation was high (20.9%) within the 540 mg treatment group. This verapamil formulation can be clinically titrated within a 180 to 540 mg dosing range, permitting effective once-daily administration for the treatment of chronic stable angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Cutler
- G.D. Searle Company, Skokie, Illinois, USA
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