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Kalra G, Fu R, Medina Mendez CA, Errera MH, Waxman EL. Choroidal Mass in a Patient with Undiagnosed Pulmonary Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:658-663. [PMID: 37043645 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2192284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Langerhan cell histiocytosis (LCH), although not a common cause, should be kept in the differential diagnosis for a patient that presents with a choroidal mass. CASE PRESENTATION A 28-year-old female presented with a 4-day history of vision loss and associated pain in her right eye. EXAMINATION AND INVESTIGATIONS A dilated fundus examination revealed a deep subretinal, orange, mottled lesion with associated serous retinal detachment. Ultrasonography demonstrated a solid mass at the posterior pole. Fluorescein angiography revealed corresponding, small, punctate, hyperfluorescent areas with leakage and pooling in the late phase outlining the subretinal fluid. Optical coherence tomography confirmed the choroidal elevation and subretinal fluid. In addition to starting oral steroids for addressing the patient's acute symptoms, a metastatic workup was ordered due to the lesion's appearance. Diagnosis: Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed nodular lesions and subsequent lung biopsy was S-100 and CD1a positive, diagnostic of Langerhan's cell histiocytosis (LCH). TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The patient was treated with six cycles of vinblastine and prednisolone therapy followed with a subsequent taper of steroids. Complete resolution of signs and symptoms was noted. DISCUSSION A review of all reported cases of ophthalmic LCH with or without choroidal involvement was conducted. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches described in these reportshave been summarized in the current manuscript. This case highlights the importance of pursuing a systemic workup in patients with uveal mass lesions. LCH should be considered in the differential of every choroidal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Kalra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roxana Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos A Medina Mendez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie-Hélène Errera
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Evan L Waxman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Plemel DJA, Benson MD, Tong CM, Mahmood MN, Pollock TJ. Nonosseous Periocular Manifestations of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case Report and Systematic Review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:408-413. [PMID: 33315841 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder of dendritic cell proliferation that typically involves bone. It can be diagnostically challenging when LCH presents without bony involvement, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. In this study, the periocular manifestations of LCH in cases where the underlying orbital bones are not involved are described through a systematic review. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed to capture all cases of LCH that involved the periocular region but not the underlying orbital bones. These included LCH cases that involved the periocular skin, the ocular surface, and the orbital tissue. The authors also highlight an additional case where LCH presented with periocular edema and multifocal, nodular conjunctival lesions. RESULT This review illustrates that LCH rarely presents with periocular infiltration without orbital bone involvement. In these atypical cases, LCH can present as an eyelid mass, a chalazion-like lesion, generalized periocular swelling, ocular surface lesions, or infiltration of any orbital structure. Ocular surface LCH has a higher rate of recurrence than other periocular LCH. Orbital LCH can involve any tissue including extraocular muscles, the lacrimal gland, or indistinct areas within the orbit. CONCLUSIONS LCH is a clinicopathologic diagnosis. Although most cases involve the bone, any soft tissue can be involved. Biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis of this heterogeneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Maya Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
| | - Muhammad N Mahmood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Vora Z, Hemachandran N, Sharma S. Imaging of Lacrimal Gland Pathologies: A Radiological Pattern-Based Approach. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2020; 50:738-748. [PMID: 33077289 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite their unassuming size, lacrimal glands can have a variety of pathologies affecting them which often poses a diagnostic challenge clinically in view of their nonspecific presentation as palpable lump in the superolateral aspect of the orbit. There are a myriad of pathological entities ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic lesions that can affect the lacrimal glands. Cross-sectional imaging is must for the detection, characterization, and mapping of these lesions. In this pictorial review, we propose a radiological pattern-based approach for various lacrimal gland lesions that provides a working algorithm for radiologists in the evaluation of lacrimal gland pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Vora
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sanjay Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
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4
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Hervey-Jumper SL, Ghori A, Ziewacz JE, McKeever PE, Chandler WF. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the optic chiasm: case report. Neurosurgery 2011; 68:E556-61. [PMID: 21135729 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e31820206c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon disease, usually affecting the cranium and peripheral bones. We present a rare case of isolated optic chiasm involvement by LCH to highlight the importance of considering LCH in the differential diagnosis of optic chiasm lesions. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 71-year-old woman presented with a 6-week history of worsening peripheral vision, headaches, weakness, cold sensitivity, and fatigue. She was found to have dense bitemporal hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 2-cm lesion, contrast enhancing on T1 and bright on T2 signal, involving the optic chiasm but not the pituitary gland. Preoperative considerations included optic nerve glioma, choristoma of the stalk, sarcoid, hypothalamic glioma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The patient underwent a right subfrontal craniotomy for biopsy of the lesion. The optic chiasm was grossly enlarged with no tissue external to the chiasm. A midline incision was made in the lamina terminalis, and multiple biopsies were taken of firm fibrous material. Histologically, the tumor was characteristic for LCH and included a mixture of histiocytes with features of Langerhans cells, eosinophils, small lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and plasma cells. CONCLUSION LCH is a rare disease, generally affecting bone, skin, lymph nodes, and in more severe cases, visceral organs. LCH involving the optic pathways is a rare condition that should be included in the differential for adults with mass lesions involving the orbit, eye, optic nerve, or chiasm. Future clinical and basic science research is needed to better understand LCH, its molecular origin, and its growth pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn L Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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5
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Abdellaoui M, Benatiya AI, Bhallil S, Tahri H. [Orbital location of multivisceral Langerhans-cell histiocytosis]. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:665-8. [PMID: 21570265 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans-cell histiocytosis is a rare disease accounting for less than 1% of orbital tumours. We report the case of an 18-month-old infant presenting with exophthalmos of the left eye lasting for 3 months in a context of deterioration of the general condition, polydipsia, and polyuria. The computed tomographic scan revealed an orbital cellular mass with a lytic bone lesion within the orbital roof and infiltration of frontopalpebral soft tissue. In addition, other secondary lesions were found at the skull, ribs, skin, liver, and spleen. The cytological study after biopsy showed infiltrates of histiocytes derived from Langerhans cells. Because the disease was multivisceral, the child was treated with chemotherapy (vinblastine) combined with a steroid and progressed well. At 30 months of follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence or systemic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdellaoui
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Omar Drissi, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc.
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6
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Shields CL, Hogarty MD, Kligman BE, Christian C, Ehya H, Shields JA. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the uvea with neovascular glaucoma: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and management with intraocular bevacizumab and brachytherapy. J AAPOS 2010; 14:534-7. [PMID: 21168078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old boy with known multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis developed photophobia, conjunctival injection, iris neovascularization, and an iridociliochoroidal mass. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed mononucleated and multinucleate histiocytes that demonstrated positive immunostaining for CD68 and S100 consistent with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Management with intracameral bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) resolved the iris neovascularization, and plaque radiotherapy (brachytherapy) resolved the mass rapidly and completely, preserving the patient's visual acuity and preventing glaucoma during the 10-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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7
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Civit T, Colnat-Coulbois S, Marie B. [Histiocytic disorders with orbital involvement]. Neurochirurgie 2010; 56:142-7. [PMID: 20226484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The eosinophilic granuloma of bone is the most common type of histiocytic disorder involving the orbital area. Imaging data typically show bony defects with an intra-orbital soft-tissue extension. Surgical debulking is most often required. Rosai-Dorfman disease is commonly associated with uni- or bilateral orbital locations. The other histiocytic disorders are very rare, but some have a poor prognosis such as Erdheim-Chester disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Civit
- Département de neurochirurgie, hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, 29, avenue de Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54000 Nancy, France.
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Abstract
The clinical manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis have been recognized for more than a century. For most of that time, physicians have viewed the disease from different perspectives, interpreting portions of its clinical spectrum as if they were distinct and unrelated entities. More recently, Langerhans cell histiocytosis has been unified into a single concept, though the disease continues to defy traditional classification. By most accounts, Langerhans cell histiocytosis appears to be a morphologically benign proliferation of inflammatory cells that escapes regulatory control mechanisms. Studies from patients with all stages of the disease, however, document clonal proliferation of immune processing cells (i.e., Langerhans cells), suggesting a malignant disease process. The most common ophthalmic manifestation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a solitary lesion of orbital bone, which typically responds to minimally invasive therapy. The best management of solitary orbital Langerhans cell histiocytosis is debatable and has been complicated by its recent designation as a risk factor for central nervous system disease. This article summarizes recent developments in understanding the biology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, reviews its ophthalmic manifestations, prognosis, and the controversy surrounding treatment of isolated orbital disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis E Margo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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9
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Herman M, Demaerel P, Wilms G, Van Gool S, Casteels I. Lacrimal gland and perioptic nerve lesions due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis (2007: 9b). Eur Radiol 2007; 17:3255-7. [PMID: 18004608 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-007-0611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient presenting with bilateral lacrimal gland involvement and perioptic nerve sheath lesions due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) invasion. LCH is a rare multisystemic disease characterized by a clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. All organs may be involved with a clinical spectrum ranging from a solitary bone lesion to a severe life-threatening multisystem disease. Osteolytic orbital bone lesions with extension into the adjacent orbital soft tissues have been described. To our knowledge, lacrimal gland involvement has probably been described only once before. Perioptic nerve lesions are also very rare, having been described only three times before.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herman
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Demaerel P, Van Gool S. Paediatric neuroradiological aspects of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Neuroradiology 2007; 50:85-92. [PMID: 17985124 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-007-0323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, previously known as histiocytosis X, is a complex disease consisting of three entities that are all characterized by a proliferation of the Langerhans cell. The clinical course is variable and ranges from a solitary lytic bone or skin lesion with complete remission to a multisystem disorder with possible lethal outcome. The clinical suspicion can be increased based on radiological findings that are important criteria in defining the extent of the disease involvement. A biopsy is often necessary for establishing the final diagnosis. The lytic craniofacial bone lesions are the most common craniospinal abnormality in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary region are the most frequent manifestations, often accompanied with diabetes insipidus as the presenting symptom. A range of different central nervous system abnormalities can be recognized. It is important to be able to recognize the extensive spectrum of neuroradiological abnormalities in order to arrive at the diagnosis. Neuroimaging plays an even more important role in assessing the response to treatment or possible relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Demaerel
- Department of Radiology , University Hospital K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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12
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Boztug K, Frimpong-Ansah K, Nanduri VR, Lawson J, Russell-Eggitt I, Brock P. Intraocular Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a neonate resulting in bilateral loss of vision. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47:633-5. [PMID: 16444678 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intraocular involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare. We describe the case of a neonate with congenital disseminated LCH involving skin, liver, spleen, and intraocular structures including uvea and retina. Early and aggressive treatment according to the LCH-II treatment protocol was administered and resulted in remission of the disease. However, despite close follow-up and additional local treatment, involvement of intraocular structures resulted in severe long-term ophthalmological sequelae including complete bilateral loss of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Boztug
- Department of Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, and Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
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13
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Charif Chefchaouni M, Lahlou L, Hajji Z, Chaoui Z, El Khorassani M, Msefer Alaoui F, Berraho A. Histiocytose langerhansienne à localisation orbitaire. J Fr Ophtalmol 2005; 28:857-61. [PMID: 16249767 DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(05)81006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is a rare disease representing less than 1% of orbital tumors. METHODS We report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with orbital involvement in a 9-year-old boy. He presented with an inflammatory swelling if the left lateral orbital wall. The computed tomographic scan revealed an orbital cellular mass with lytic bone lesion within the orbital roof and intracranial enlargement. RESULTS The cytological study after a biopsy showed infiltrates of histiocytes derived from Langerhans cells. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which identified positive staining with anti-S100 and anti-CD1a antibodies. The rapidly expanding orbital tumor, posing a threat of ocular compression as well as intracranial spreading, was treated by chemotherapy (Vinblastine) combined with a steroid. CONCLUSION A 2-year follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence or systemic involvement. According to this observation, the authors describe the clinicopathological and histological features of orbital involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Charif Chefchaouni
- Service d'Ophtalmologie B, Hôpital des spécialités, CHU Rabat-Sale, Rabat, Maroc
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14
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Ho Yuen V, Jordan DR, Brownstein S, Dorey MW, Wolff JEA, Ells A, Ashenhurst ME, Egeler RM. Bilateral perioptic nerve lesions in a patient with Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. Can J Ophthalmol 2003; 38:496-500. [PMID: 14620038 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-4182(03)80029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Ho Yuen
- Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa Eye Institute, Ottawa, Ont
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe two patients with unique lenticular nodular proliferations. DESIGN Observational case reports. METHODS The clinical histories and pathologic findings of two patients with lenticular nodular proliferations were reviewed. RESULTS One patient with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and another patient with trauma developed lenticular nodular proliferations. The nodules were vascularized collections of foamy histiocytes, multinucleated cells, lens capsule, and lens epithelium that had undergone fibrous metaplasia. The lesions were classified as lenticular fibroxanthomatous nodules. CONCLUSIONS A lenticular fibroxanthomatous nodule is a unique clinicopathologic entity that should be differentiated from Soemmerring ring, Elschnig pearl, and other simulating entities such as juvenile xanthogranuloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok J Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Hurwitz CA, Faquin WC. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-2002. A 15-year-old boy with a retro-orbital mass and impaired vision. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:513-20. [PMID: 11844854 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Hurwitz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Portland, ME, USA
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17
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Hidayat AA, Mafee MF, Laver NV, Noujaim S. Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma of the orbit. Clinicopathologic, CT, and MR imaging features. Radiol Clin North Am 1998; 36:1229-40, xii. [PMID: 9884699 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of two main disorders of the orbit are discussed. Group I, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X, Class I), is caused by proliferation of X histiocytic Langerhans' cells. Group II is juvenile xanthogranuloma, and Class II is related to the proliferation of non-X histiocytic (monocyte-macrophage) cells. The two diseases are of unknown cause and differ in their clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hidayat
- Department of Ophthalmic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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LaBorwit SE, Karesh JW, Hirschbein MJ, Dankner SR. Multifocal Langerhans' cell histiocytosis involving the orbit. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1998; 35:234-6. [PMID: 9713799 DOI: 10.3928/0191-3913-19980701-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lin KD, Lin JD, Hsu HH, Juang JH, Huang MJ, Huang HS. Endocrinological aspects of Langerhans cell histiocytosis complicated with diabetes insipidus. J Endocrinol Invest 1998; 21:428-33. [PMID: 9766256 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder and may be complicated with hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus (DI) due to invasion of the hypothalamic-pituitary area. In this study, 10 patients with complete (4) and partial (6) type central DI were found among 125 LCH patients in our hospital records. The water deprivation test, followed by the pitressin test, was performed to confirm DI. Hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine function tests were carried out on these 10 patients at the initial diagnosis and during follow-up. All patients revealed growth hormone insufficiency in the insulin hypoglycemic tolerance test. Four patients had impairment of cortisol secretion, demonstrated by insulin hypoglycemic stimulating test results. Two patients had poor response in the thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulating test. Two patients had only partial responses in the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone test. Four patients had hyperprolactinemia. All patients underwent surgical treatment followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. One patient completely recovered from the endocrine disorder, 3 patients required smaller doses of desmopressin, and one patient had normal adrenal, thyroid, and gonadal function. Hypothalamic-pituitary disorders in LCH should not be neglected. Treatment of LCH can partially or completely reverse associated endocrine disorders. Therefore, endocrine studies and hormone replacement should be mandatory for patients with LCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical, Linkou, Taiwan, R.O.C
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20
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de Palma P, Ravalli L, Grisanti F, Rossi A, Marzola A, Nielsen I. Bilateral orbital involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease. Orbit 1998; 17:97-105. [PMID: 12048709 DOI: 10.1076/orbi.17.2.97.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease is an idiopathic condition characterized by a xanthogranulomatous process infiltrating the bones, lungs, heart, retroperitoneum and other tissues. This condition is often fatal. Ocular findings are rare. The authors report a case of bilateral xanthelasmas and bilateral massive orbital infiltration in a 61-year-old man with severe retroperitoneal fibrosis, renal and cardiovascular problems. The ophthalmic manifestations and differential diagnosis of this peculiar pathologic condition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo de Palma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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21
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Kramer TR, Noecker RJ, Miller JM, Clark LC. Langerhans cell histiocytosis with orbital involvement. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 124:814-24. [PMID: 9402828 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review three cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with orbital involvement that represent a significantly excessive incidence of this rare disease in one community. Current diagnostic criteria and therapeutic modalities related to Langerhans cell histiocytosis are reviewed. METHODS Case reports. We present clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and epidemiologic information on three patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. RESULTS All three children, born within 18 months of one another, manifested rapidly progressive unilateral proptosis at age 2 years. By computed tomography, all had moderately enhancing lesions with involvement of the sphenoid bone and lateral orbit as well as the temporal lobe of the brain. All patients were treated with a combination of vincristine and prednisone, with variable resolution of their lesions. The occurrence of three cases in children born in Nogales, Arizona/ Mexico, suggests an incidence rate of 40 per million, which is approximately 26 times the expected rate (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS The extraordinarily high incidence and the concentration of cases in both time and space of this cluster implies that Langerhans cell histiocytosis may be a sentinel disease for unusual environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85719, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Recent work has highlighted the eosinophil's role as an effector cell in a wide array of disease entities, including parasitic infections and allergic and nonallergic diseases. The eosinophil is filled with granules containing toxic cationic proteins, capable of harming tissue when released to the extracellular space. In the eye, toxic eosinophil cationic granule proteins have been encountered in conjunctiva, cornea, tears, and contact lenses of patients suffering from ocular allergy, suggesting an effector role for the eosinophil in the ophthalmic manifestations of atopy. Laboratory investigations indicate that eosinophil granule major basic protein, the principal eosinophil granule protein, may adversely influence corneal epithelium, and promote corneal ulceration in the severest forms of ocular allergy. Further, the eosinophil may play a contributory pathophysiologic role in some nonallergic ophthalmic diseases such as Wegener's granulomatosis, orbital pseudo-tumor, and histiocytosis X. The eosinophil's morphologic, immunologic, and biochemical characteristics will be reviewed and its role in certain ophthalmic diseases thoroughly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Trocme
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Galveston
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Abstract
We report the case of an infant who presented with isolated cutaneous manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis before the evolution of systemic features. In the transition period, at 9 months of age, nail unit changes became prominent, and persisted throughout the duration of systemic treatment. A change in clinical features coincided with a course of systemic gamma-interferon, which was given because immune paresis was suspected. Nail unit changes are rare in Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and this case illustrates the range of findings, including paronychia, nail fold destruction, onycholysis with subungual expansion, and nail plate loss. The significance of these changes as a prognostic indicator is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de Berker
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
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