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Liu H, Wu Z, Chen J, Wang J, Qiu H. Recent advances in chiral liquid chromatography stationary phases for pharmaceutical analysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464367. [PMID: 37714014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a common phenomenon in nature. Different enantiomers of chiral drug compounds have obvious differences in their effects on the human body. Therefore, the separation of chiral drugs plays an extremely important role in the safe utilization of drugs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an effective tool for the separation and analysis of compounds, in which the chromatographic packing plays a key role in the separation. Chiral pharmaceutical separation and analysis in HPLC rely on chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Thus, various CSPs are being developed to meet the needs of chiral drug separation and analysis. In this review, recent developments in CSPs, including saccharides (cyclodextrin, cellulose, amylose and chitosan), macrocycles (macrocyclic glycopeptides, pillar[n]arene and polyamide) and porous organic materials (metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and porous organic cages), for pharmaceutical analysis in HPLC were summarized, the advantages and disadvantages of various stationary phases were introduced, and their development prospects were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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2
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Daneshvar Tarigh G. Enantioseparation/Recognition based on nano techniques/materials. J Sep Sci 2023:e2201065. [PMID: 37043692 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers show different behaviors in interaction with the chiral environment. Due to their identical chemical structure and their wide application in various industries, such as agriculture, medicine, pesticide, food, and so forth, their separation is of great importance. Today, the term "nano" is frequently encountered in all fields. Technology and measuring devices are moving towards miniaturization, and the usage of nanomaterials in all sectors is expanding substantially. Given that scientists have recently attempted to apply miniaturized techniques known as nano-liquid chromatography/capillary-liquid chromatography, which were originally accomplished in 1988, as well as the widespread usage of nanomaterials for chiral resolution (back in 1989), this comprehensive study was developed. Searching the terms "nano" and "enantiomer separation" on scientific websites such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science yields articles that either use miniaturized instruments or apply nanomaterials as chiral selectors with a variety of chemical and electrochemical detection techniques, which are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Daneshvar Tarigh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Chirality: An inescapable concept for the pharmaceutical, bio‐pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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4
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Zhao R, Bai X, Yang W, Fan K, Zhang H. Grafting (S)-2-Phenylpropionic Acid on Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers of MIL-101(Al) Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Enantioseparation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8456. [PMID: 36499951 PMCID: PMC9740726 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metal-organic frameworks (cMOFs) are emerging chiral stationary phases for enantioseparation owing to their porosity and designability. However, a great number of cMOF materials show poor separation performance for chiral drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The possible reasons might be the irregular shapes of MOFs and the low grafting degree of chiral ligands. Herein, MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 was synthesized by a simple coordination post-synthetic modification method using (S)-(+)-2-Phenylpropionic acid and applied as the chiral stationary phase to separate chiral compounds by HPLC. NH2-MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 prepared via covalent post-synthetic modification was used for comparison. The results showed that the chiral ligand density of MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 was higher than that of NH2-MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2, and the MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 column exhibited better chiral separation performance and structural stability. The binding affinities between MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 and chiral compounds were simulated to prove the mechanism of the molecular interactions during HPLC. These results revealed that cMOFs prepared by coordination post-synthetic modification could increase the grafting degree and enhance the separation performance. This method can provide ideas for the synthesis of cMOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xueyan Bai
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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5
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Sakaguchi Y, Yamada H, Ishibashi Y, Nakatake I, Kawasue S, Koga R, Yoshida H, Nohta H. Enantiomeric separation of chiral amines in biological samples by liquid chromatography with chiral fluorous derivatization. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hajime Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishibashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Itsuki Nakatake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shimba Kawasue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Reiko Koga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
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McLoughlin EC, O'Brien JE, Trujillo C, Meegan MJ, O'Boyle NM. Application of 2D EXSY and qNMR Spectroscopy for Diastereomeric Excess Determination Following Chiral Resolution of β-Lactams. Chemistry 2022:e202200119. [PMID: 35876400 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trans-β-lactam isomers have garnered much attention as anti-cancer microtubule targeting agents. Currently available synthetic methods are available for the preparation of enantiopure β-lactams and favour isomeric cis/trans β-lactam mixtures. Indirect chiral resolution offers the opportunity for isolation of exclusively enantiopure trans-β-lactams. In this study, liquid chromatography chiral resolution of β-lactams derivatized as diastereomer mixtures with a panel of N-protected amino acids is explored, where N-(Boc)-L-proline served as the optimal chiral derivatising reagent. High-performance liquid chromatography failed to adequately determine diastereomeric excess (de) of resolved diastereomers. Variable temperature, 1 H NMR and 2D EXSY spectroscopic analyses of proline-derivatised diastereomers were successfully employed to characterise equilibrating rotamers of resolved diastereomers and determine their de. Integration of resolved resonances corresponding to H3 and H4 of the β-lactam ring served as a quantitative qNMR tool for the calculation of de following resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eavan C McLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John E O'Brien
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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7
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Umino M, Sakamoto T, Onozato M, Fukushima T. Preparation of imidazolidinone compounds as derivatization reagent for diastereomerization and chromatographic separation of chiral organic acids. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Wang L, Yan Z, Zhou H, Fan Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Liao Y, Wu A. Validation of LC-MS/MS Coupled with a Chiral Column for the Determination of 3- or 15-Acetyl Deoxynivalenol Mycotoxins from Fusarium graminearum in Wheat. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:659. [PMID: 34564663 PMCID: PMC8473124 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major causal agents Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) and Fusarium asiaticum could produce multiple mycotoxins in infected wheat, which threatens the health of humans and animals. Specifically, deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON and 15-ADON) are commonly detected mycotoxins in cereal grains. However, the good chromatographic separation of 3-ADON and 15-ADON remains challenging. Here, an LC-MS/MS method for the chemotype determination of Fusarium strains was developed and validated. 3- and 15-ADON could be separated chromatographically in this study with sufficiently low limits of detection (LODs; 4 μg/kg) and limits of quantification (LOQs; 8 μg/kg). The satisfying intraday and interday reproducibility (both %RSDr and %RSDR were <20%) of this method indicated good stability. The recoveries of all analytes were in the range of 80-120%. In addition, three F. graminearum complex (FGC) strains, i.e., PH-1 (chemotype 15-ADON), F-1 (chemotype 3-ADON) and 5035 (chemotype 15-ADON), were selected to verify the accuracy of the method in differentiating phenotypes. The validation results showed that this LC-MS/MS method based on sample pretreatment is effective and suitable for the chromatographic separation of 3-ADON and 15-ADON in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; (L.W.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zheng Yan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; (L.W.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; (L.W.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yingying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affiairs, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affiairs, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yucai Liao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China; (L.W.); (Z.Y.); (H.Z.)
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9
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Chemical derivatization in combination with supercritical fluid chromatography to improve resolution of stereoisomers. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:985-999. [PMID: 34081541 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Quantification of stereoisomers in biological matrices is of pivotal importance for drug development. Supercritical fluid chromatography paired with chiral stationary phases is the gold standard for resolution of enantiomers. However, this technique often proves inadequate for resolution of polar stereoisomers. Materials & methods: A combination of achiral chemical derivatization with supercritical fluid chromatography using chiral stationary columns to improve enantiomeric resolution is described. Results: Separation of four possible stereoisomers of linerixibat was achieved after derivatization with 3N HCl in n-butanol within 12 min (case1). Derivatization with acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric anhydrides significantly improved the separation of stereoisomers (case 2 and 3) within 10 min. The best stereoisomeric resolution was achieved using valeric and isovaleric anhydrides.
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10
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Jin Y, Pan Y, Jin B, Jin D, Zhang C. (S)-1-(5-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid as a derivatization reagent for ultrasensitive detection of amine enantiomers by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to the chiral metabolite analysis of (R)-1-aminoindan in saliva. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113815. [PMID: 33328145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
(S)-1-(5-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (Pro-PPZ) was employed as a chiral derivatization reagent (CDR) for the efficient enantioseparation and ultrasensitive mass spectrometric detection of chiral amines. Pro-PPZ was prepared from the one-step reaction of 1-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4-methylpiperazine (PPZ) and l-proline. Two amines and two amino acid methyl esters were selected as model chiral amines, which were easily labeled with Pro-PPZ under mild reaction conditions (35 °C for 10 min) generating Pro-PPZ-amine derivatives. The resulting diastereomers were completely separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) using an ODS column (Rs = 3.4-17.0 for amines). Ultrasensitive detection limits on femtomolar level were obtained for the tested amines using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) chromatograms at a single monitoring ion, m/z 289 (0.1-5.0 fmol for amines). The practical metabolite analysis of (R)-1-aminoindan (R-AI) in saliva samples was performed by LC-MS/MS using the Pro-PPZ derivatization method. The method was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, and linearity. Using this method, R-AI concentrations in saliva were determined after a single oral administration of the drug rasagiline to healthy male and female subjects, but no (S)-1-aminoindan (S-AI) was detected, which suggesting that R-AI was not converted into S-enantiomer in the metabolic process. R-AI concentrations in four healthy volunteers ranged from 32.85 nM to 49.45 nM, with an average value of 43.76 nM. To date, there is no LC-MS (or MS/MS) method reported for the enantioselective determination of R-AI in human saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Research Institute of Jilin Petrochemical Company, Petro China, Jilin, 132021, China
| | - Biao Jin
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Dongri Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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11
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Ramesh C, Rama devi D, Srinivas MNB, Rajana N, Krishna SR, Basavaiah K. Reversed‐phase chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method for separation of abacavir sulfate enantiomer in drug substance. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ch. Ramesh
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
- Quality Control Department Laurus Labs Ltd. Visakhapatnam India
| | | | - MNB. Srinivas
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
- Quality Control Department Laurus Labs Ltd. Visakhapatnam India
| | - Nagaraju Rajana
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
| | | | - K. Basavaiah
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
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12
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Sethi S, Martens J, Bhushan R. Assessment and application of Marfey’s reagent and analogs in enantioseparation: a decade’s perspective. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4990. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Sethi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences GD Goenka University Gurgaon India
| | - Jürgen Martens
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India
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13
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Campbell JL, Kafle A, Bowman Z, Blanc JCYL, Liu C, Hopkins WS. Separating chiral isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine using chemical derivatization and differential mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX Concord Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Bedrock Scientific Milton Ontario Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc. Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | | | - Zack Bowman
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc. Waterloo Ontario Canada
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14
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Singh M, Sethi S, Bhushan R. Liquid chromatographic methods for separation, determination, and bioassay of enantiomers of etodolac: A review. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:18-30. [PMID: 31389172 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The control of enantiomeric purity and determination of individual enantiomeric drug molecules remains the subject of importance for clinical, analytical, and regulatory purposes and to facilitate an accurate evaluation of the risks posed by them to human health. A large number of pharmaceuticals are marketed and administered as racemates. Etodolac is among such nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Overall literature reports on its enantioseparation are scanty. Liquid chromatography (LC) methods of enantioseparation of (±)-etodolac, including certain unconventional ones, are well covered and discussed in this paper. Methods of direct approach without using chiral columns or chiral thin-layer chromatography plate and of indirect approach using certain chiral derivatizing agents such as (S)-naproxen and (S)-levofloxacin are described. Most interesting aspects include establishment of structure and molecular asymmetry of chemically different types of diastereomeric derivatives using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), 1 H NMR spectroscopy and by drawing conformations in three dimensional views by using certain software. The methods provide chirality recognition even in the absence of pure enantiomers. Besides, recovery of pure enantiomers by detagging or via solubility difference of chiral inducing reagent and the analyte, without racemization at any stage, has been achieved. The limits of detection and quantification are much lower than the industry benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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15
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Toyo'oka T. DL-Amino Acid Analysis Based on Labeling with Light and Heavy Isotopic Reagents Followed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2030:293-306. [PMID: 31347126 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
L-Pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl ester (L-PGA-OSu) and its isotopic variant (L-PGA[d5]-OSu) were synthesized and used as the chiral labeling reagents for the enantioseparation of amino acids by reversed-phase UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The enantiomers of amino acids were labeled with the reagents at 60 °C for 10 min in an alkaline medium. The resulting diastereomers were well separated by the reversed-phase chromatography using an ODS column, packed with small particles (1.7 μm) (Rs = 1.95-8.05). A highly sensitive detection at a low-fmol level (0.5-3.2 fmol) was obtained from the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) chromatograms. An isotope labeling strategy using light and heavy variants for the differential analysis of the DL-amino acids in different sample groups is also presented in this paper. The ratios of D/L-alanine in different yogurt products were successfully determined by the proposed method. The D/L ratios were almost comparable to those obtained from only using light reagent (i.e., L-PGA-OSu). Therefore, the proposed strategy seems to be useful for the differential analysis of DL-amino acids, not only in food products but also in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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16
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Toyo'oka T. Chiral Metabolomics Using Triazine-Based Chiral Labeling Reagents by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:57-79. [PMID: 31069729 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The determination of enantiomers of biological molecules is an important issue because a significant difference in the activity of the enantiomers is generally observed in biological systems. Chiral separations can be carried out by direct resolution using a chiral stationary column or by indirect resolution based on the derivatization with a chiral reagent. Many chiral-labeling reagents for ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence detections have been developed for various functional groups, such as amine and carboxylic acid. However, there are hardly any labeling reagents for LC-MS-specific detection. Based on this observation, we have developed several chiral-labeling reagents for LC-MS/MS analysis.This chapter describes methodologies and applications for the indirect LC-MS/MS determination of biological chiral molecules using triazine-based chiral-labeling reagents, i.e., (S and R)-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-amine (DMT-3(S and R)-Apy) for carboxylic acids and (S and R)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate (DMT-(S and R)-Pro-OSu) for amines and amino acids. A reliable method for the non-targeted chiral metabolomics is also described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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17
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Numako M, Toyo'oka T, Noge I, Kitagawa Y, Mizuno H, Todoroki K. Risk assessment of diabetes mellitus using dried saliva spot followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Malik P, Bhushan R. Enantioseparation of (RS
)-fexofenadine and enhanced detection as the diastereomeric amide and anhydride derivatives using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4217. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Malik
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; India
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19
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Alremeithi R, Meetani MA, Alaidaros AA, Lanjawi A, Alsumaiti K. Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Synthetic Cathinone Enantiomers in Urine and Plasma Using GC-NCI-MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:4396043. [PMID: 29805834 PMCID: PMC5902049 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4396043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Development and validation of sensitive and selective method for enantioseparation and quantitation of synthetic cathinones is reported using GC-MS triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode. Indirect chiral separation of thirty-six synthetic cathinone compounds has been achieved by using an optically pure chiral derivatizing agent (CDA) called (S)-(-)-N-(trifluoroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl chloride (L-TPC), which converts cathinone enantiomers into diastereoisomers that can be separated on achiral columns. As a result of using Ultra Inert 60 m column and performing slow heating rate (2°C/min) on the GC oven, an observed enhancement in enantiomer peak resolution has been achieved. An internal standard, (+)-cathinone, was used for quantitation of synthetic cathinones. Method validation in terms of linearities and sensitivity in terms of limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantitation (LOQs), recoveries, and reproducibilities has been obtained for fourteen selected compounds that examined simultaneously as a mixture after being spiked in urine and plasma. It was found that the LOD of the fourteen synthetic cathinones in urine was in the range of 0.26-0.76 µg/L, and in plasma, it was in the range of 0.26-0.34 µg/L. While the LOQ of the mixture in urine was in the range of 0.86-2.34 µg/L, and in plasma, it was in the range of 0.89-1.12 µg/L. Unlike the electron impact (EI) ion source, NCI showed better sensitivity by two orders of magnitude by comparing the obtained results with the recently published reports for quantitative analysis and enantioseparation of synthetic cathinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Alremeithi
- Chemistry Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
- General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohammed A. Meetani
- Chemistry Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Anas A. Alaidaros
- Chemistry Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Adnan Lanjawi
- General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai, UAE
| | - Khalid Alsumaiti
- General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai, UAE
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20
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Synthesis and evaluation of a novel chiral derivatization reagent for resolution of carboxylic acid enantiomers by RP-HPLC. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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High performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array for separation and analysis of naproxen and esomeprazole in presence of their chiral impurities: Enantiomeric purity determination in tablets. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1497:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Palos Pacheco R, Eismin RJ, Coss CS, Wang H, Maier RM, Polt R, Pemberton JE. Synthesis and Characterization of Four Diastereomers of Monorhamnolipids. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5125-5132. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Palos Pacheco
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Soil, Water and Environmental
Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ryan J. Eismin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Soil, Water and Environmental
Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Clifford S. Coss
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Soil, Water and Environmental
Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Soil, Water and Environmental
Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Raina M. Maier
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Soil, Water and Environmental
Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Soil, Water and Environmental
Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Pemberton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Soil, Water and Environmental
Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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23
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Determination of enantiomeric vigabatrin by derivatization with diacetyl- l -tartaric anhydride followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Batra S, Bhushan R. Enantioresolution of (RS)-baclofen by liquid chromatography: A review. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Batra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences; GD Goenka University; Gurgaon India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee India
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25
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Zhuang J, Kumar S, Rustum A. Development and Validation of a Normal Phase Chiral HPLC Method for Analysis of Afoxolaner Using a Chiralpak ®AD-3 Column. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1813-1819. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Alwera S, Bhushan R. Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of three beta-adrenolytics using new derivatizing reagents synthesized from (S)-ketoprofen and confirmation of configuration of diastereomers. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1772-1781. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Alwera
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
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27
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Shen Z, Lv C, Zeng S. Significance and challenges of stereoselectivity assessing methods in drug metabolism. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:1-10. [PMID: 29403956 PMCID: PMC5762452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereoselectivity in drug metabolism can not only influence the pharmacological activities, tolerability, safety, and bioavailability of drugs directly, but also cause different kinds of drug-drug interactions. Thus, assessing stereoselectivity in drug metabolism is of great significance for pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) and rational use in clinic. Although there are various methods available for assessing stereoselectivity in drug metabolism, many of them have shortcomings. The indirect method of chromatographic methods can only be applicable to specific samples with functional groups to be derivatized or form complex with a chiral selector, while the direct method achieved by chiral stationary phases (CSPs) is expensive. As a detector of chromatographic methods, mass spectrometry (MS) is highly sensitive and specific, whereas the matrix interference is still a challenge to overcome. In addition, the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and immunoassay in chiral analysis are worth noting. This review presents several typical examples of drug stereoselective metabolism and provides a literature-based evaluation on current chiral analytical techniques to show the significance and challenges of stereoselectivity assessing methods in drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Shen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuang Lv
- Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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28
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Alwera S, Bhushan R. (RS)-Propranolol: enantioseparation by HPLC using newly synthesized (S)-levofloxacin-based reagent, absolute configuration of diastereomers and recovery of native enantiomers by detagging. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1223-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Alwera
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
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29
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TODOROKI K, NAKAMURA M, SATO Y, GOTO K, NAKANO T, ISHII Y, MIN JZ, INOUE K, TOYO’OKA T. 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium Chloride as an Enantioseparation Enhancer for Chiral Derivatization-LC Analysis of D- and L-Amino acids. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2015.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuhi SATO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kanoko GOTO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tatsuki NAKANO
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yasuhiro ISHII
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Jun Zhe MIN
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Koichi INOUE
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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30
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Alremeithi RH, Meetani MA, Khalil SA. A validated gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of cathinone related drug enantiomers in urine and plasma. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and selective method for detection and quantitation of 31 synthetic cathinones using GC-MS has been developed and validated. They were separated into their optical enantiomers after derivatization with L-TPC and nikethamide was used as IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed H. Alremeithi
- Department of Chemistry
- United Arab Emirates University
- Al-Ain
- United Arab Emirates
- General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology
| | - Mohammed A. Meetani
- Department of Chemistry
- United Arab Emirates University
- Al-Ain
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif. A. Khalil
- General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology
- Dubai Police
- Dubai
- United Arab Emirates
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31
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Toyo’oka T. Diagnostic Approach to Disease Using Non-invasive Samples Based on Derivatization and LC-ESI-MS/MS. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1397-411. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Toyo’oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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32
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Batra S, Bhushan R. Resolution of enantiomers of bupropion and its metabolites by liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:670-82. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
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33
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Ahmad H, Gupta V, Dwivedi AP, Katti SB, Dwivedi AK. Chiral Separation of Ormeloxifene Hydrochloride, a Non-steroidal Contraceptive Agent. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:125-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Jin D, Zhao Y, Min ZZ, Lee YI. (S)-1-methyl-4-(5-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrophenyl)piperazine as a novel chiral derivatization reagent for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of carboxylic acid enantiomers. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Cevasco G, Piątek AM, Thea S. HPLC determination of D-3-hydroxybutyric acid by derivatization with a benzofurazan reagent and fluorescent detection: application in the analysis of human plasma. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 429:90-5. [PMID: 24315779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive new method for the determination of D-3-hydroxybutyric acid (D-3-HBA) in human plasma after derivatization is described. The proposed method is based on the reaction of (2S)-2-amino-3-methyl-1-[4-(7-nitro-benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-4-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-butan-1-one (NBD-PZ-Val) with D-3-HBA in the presence of O-(7-azobenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (DIEA) to produce a fluorescent derivative. The formed derivative was monitored fluorimetrically at λ(ex)=489 nm and λ(em)=532 nm. The HPLC analysis was carried out by use of a C18 analytical column (Synergy Hydro 150 mm × 3 mm, i.d., 4 μm) with a binary gradient elution program of 0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid versus methanol. The method showed satisfactory linearity (r(2)=0.9997) in the range from 20 to 500 μmol/L. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 7.7 μmol/L, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 25.8 μmol/L. The analytical method was successfully applied to human plasma samples from normal healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cevasco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genoa, Italy; CNR, Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Piątek
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Sergio Thea
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genoa, Italy.
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36
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Kuwabara T, Takayama T, Todoroki K, Inoue K, Min JZ, Toyo’oka T. Evaluation of a series of prolylamidepyridines as the chiral derivatization reagents for enantioseparation of carboxylic acids by LC–ESI–MS/MS and the application to human saliva. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2641-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Mochizuki T, Todoroki K, Inoue K, Min JZ, Toyo’oka T. Isotopic variants of light and heavy l-pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl esters as the derivatization reagents for dl-amino acid chiral metabolomics identification by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 811:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Rouf A, Taneja SC. Synthesis of single-enantiomer bioactive molecules: a brief overview. Chirality 2013; 26:63-78. [PMID: 24339171 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chiral-center enantiomers have been shown to differ significantly in biological activity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. New developments in the stereoselective organic synthesis have enriched the vast literature of synthetic methodologies applicable to access natural products as well as bioactive molecules. These compounds also include new drugs, drug candidates and reagents used to explore biological processes. The article reviews the synthesis of optically pure drugs, biologically active intermediates and amino alcohols by using different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rouf
- Bio-organic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
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39
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Sinha S, Parashar V, Pakhale S, Mungase K, Khan MA, Reddy S, Haque SM, Mehra V. Determination of eight isomers and related substance of Aprepitant using normal-phase and reverse-phase HPLC methods with mass spectrophotometric detection. Pharm Methods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phme.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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40
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Escrig-Doménech A, Simó-Alfonso E, Herrero-Martínez J, Ramis-Ramos G. Derivatization of hydroxyl functional groups for liquid chromatography and capillary electroseparation. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:140-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Fernandes C, Tiritan ME, Pinto M. Small Molecules as Chromatographic Tools for HPLC Enantiomeric Resolution: Pirkle-Type Chiral Stationary Phases Evolution. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Bhushan R, Batra S. High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of (RS)-bupropion using isothiocyanate-based chiral derivatizing reagents. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:956-9. [PMID: 23553332 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for enantioseparation of bupropion was developed using two isothiocyanate-based chiral derivatizing reagents, (S)-1-(1-naphthyl) ethyl isothiocyanate, (S)-NEIT, and (R)-α-methyl benzyl isothiocyanate, (R)-MBIT. The diastereomers synthesized with (S)-NEIT were enantioseparated by reversed-phase HPLC using gradient elution with mobile phase containing water and acetonitrile, whereas diastereomers synthesized with (R)-MBIT were enantioseparated using triethyl amine phosphate buffer and methanol. Derivatization conditions were optimized and the method was validated for accuracy, precision and limit of detection. The limit of detection was found to be 0.040-0.043 µg/mL for each of the diastereomers prepared with (S)-NEIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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43
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Ilisz I, Aranyi A, Péter A. Chiral derivatizations applied for the separation of unusual amino acid enantiomers by liquid chromatography and related techniques. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:119-39. [PMID: 23598164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for life, and have many functions in metabolism. One particularly important function is to serve as the building blocks of peptides and proteins, giving rise complex three dimensional structures through disulfide bonds or crosslinked amino acids. Peptides are frequently cyclic and contain proteinogenic as well as nonproteinogenic amino acids in many instances. Since most of the proteinogenic α-amino acids contain at least one stereogenic center (with the exception of glycine), the stereoisomers of all these amino acids and the peptides in which they are to be found may possess differences in biological activity in living systems. The impetus for advances in chiral separation has been highest in the past 25 years and this still continues to be an area of high focus. The important analytical task of the separation of isomers is achieved mainly by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. This paper reviews indirect separation approaches, i.e. derivatization reactions aimed at creating the basis for the chromatographic resolution of biologically and pharmaceutically important enantiomers of unusual amino acids and related compounds, with emphasis on the literature published from 1980s. The main aspects of the chiral derivatization of amino acids are discussed, i.e. derivatization on the amino group, transforming the molecules into covalently bonded diastereomeric derivatives through the use of homochiral derivatizing agents. The diastereomers formed (amides, urethanes, urea and thiourea derivatives, etc.) can be separated on achiral stationary phases. The applications are considered, and in some cases different derivatizing agents for the resolution of complex mixtures of proteinogenic d,l-amino acids, non-proteinogenic amino acids and peptides/amino acids from peptide syntheses or microorganisms are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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44
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Inoue K, Prayoonhan N, Tsutsui H, Sakamoto T, Nishimura M, Toyo'oka T. Use of chiral derivatization for the determination of dichlorprop in tea samples by ultra performance LC with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1356-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Nuntawat Prayoonhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Khon Kaen University; Amphur Maung Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Haruhito Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tasuku Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Maiko Nishimura
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
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Toyo'oka T. Chiral benzofurazan-derived derivatization reagents for indirect enantioseparations by HPLC. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:233-248. [PMID: 23283781 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers of biologically important molecules, such as chiral pharmaceuticals and amino acids, is an important issue because a significant difference in the activity of the enantiomers is usually observed in biological systems. Chiral separations can be carried out by so-called direct methods or by indirect methods following derivatization with a chiral reagent. Many such chiral labeling reagents have been developed for various functional groups, such as amino groups, carboxyl groups, thiols, and hydroxyl groups. This chapter describes methodologies for the indirect HPLC determination of chiral molecules, based upon diastereomer formation. The derivatization, separation, and detection procedures with the chiral benzofurazan-bearing reagents, i.e., 4-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-APy) and 4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PyNCS), are described as representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Ilisz I, Aranyi A, Pataj Z, Péter A. Enantiomeric separation of nonproteinogenic amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:94-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tsutsui H, Fujii S, Sakamoto T, Min JZ, Todoroki K, Toyo'oka T. Chiral amines as reagents for HPLC-MS enantioseparation of chiral carboxylic acids. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1551-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
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Bhushan R, Dubey R. Validated high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of selenomethionine using isothiocyanate based chiral derivatizing reagents. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:471-5. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee; 247667; India
| | - Rituraj Dubey
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee; 247667; India
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Common methods for the chiral determination of amphetamine and related compounds I. Gas, liquid and thin-layer chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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