Hereditarily elongated carotid sinus nerve in a rat colony

NTS neuronal response to conversion from pulsatile to nonpulsatile pressure in isolated carotid sinus baroreceptors

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of pulsatile pressure (PP) and nonpulsatile pressure (NP) on the carotid sinus baroreceptors and baroreceptor-related neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), using an isolated carotid sinus preparation in anesthetized rats. The baroreceptor activities were recorded from the carotid sinus nerves (CSN). Fifteen baroreceptor-related NTS neurons were recorded extracellularly. Conversion of PP to NP corresponded to a shift from phasic to irregular activity in the CSN and caused an increase in CSN activity at a mean pressure of 100 mm Hg. Under this condition, however, the discharge rate of baroreceptor-related NTS neurons was decreased and the systemic blood pressure was elevated. These results indicate that the increasing baroreceptor afferent input resulting from depulsation was not faithfully transmitted in the NTS, and suggest that the NTS is an important site for modifying the arterial baroreflex under NP.

Is the aortic depressor nerve involved in arterial chemoreflexes in rats?

Recent anatomical and physiological studies showed that chemoreceptor afferent fibers are present in the rat aortic depressor nerve (ADN), which has been considered to contain exclusively baroreceptor afferent fibers. However, it remains to be proven whether the chemoreceptor afferents of the ADN are practically involved in chemoreflexes. The present study was performed in chloralose/urethane-anesthetized rats of either Sprague-Dawley (SD) or Wistar strain to examine whether the ADN carries sufficient information regarding arterial hypoxia and hypercapnia, and whether the ADN indeed participates in chemoreflexes, the circulatory and respiratory components. It was found in either strain that afferent discharges of the ADN were not affected at all by hypoxia or hypercapnia, whereas those of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) markedly increased due to these stimuli. Hypoxia produced hypertension, transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia, and respiratory facilitation, which characterize the chemoreflexes. Any of these responses was not affected at all by the ADN section, but all were abolished by the CSN section. Intraaortic injection of cyanide also induced transient bradycardia and respiratory facilitation, but any of them was not affected by the ADN section while all were abolished by the CSN section. Furthermore, electrical stimulation of the ADN produced solely baroreflex responses, i.e. hypotension and respiratory suppression, whereas that of the CSN provoked chemoreflex responses, i.e. early, transient hypertension and respiratory facilitation. In conclusion, the rat ADN does not contain a functionally significant number of chemoreceptor afferent fibers, if at all, and does not appreciably contribute to generation of chemoreflexes.