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Shademan B, Zakeri M, Abbasi S, Biray Avci C, Karamad V, Sogutlu F, Laghousi D, Nouri M, Hassanpour M, Nourazarian A. Relationship between miRNA-21, miRNA-155, and miRNA-182 expression and inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 232:107873. [PMID: 37453285 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the differentiation and function of inflammatory cells is well-established. MiRNAs play a crucial role in modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in neuronal cells as well. With this knowledge in mind, our study aimed to explore the relationship between the expression of miRNAs and inflammatory markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). By investigating this relationship, we aimed to gain insights into the potential involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of inflammation in the context of MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of miRNA-21, miRNA-155, and miRNA-182 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and controls were determined by RT-PCR. CSF levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured by quantitative turbidimetry. RESULTS The expression levels of microRNAs and inflammatory factors were found to be significantly higher in the CSF of MS patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that miRNA-21, miRNA-182, and miRNA-155 had a high area under the curve (AUC) in discriminating MS patients, with AUC values of 0.97 (P < 0.0001) for miRNA-21, 0.97 (P < 0.0001) for miRNA-182, and 0.96 (P < 0.0001) for miRNA-155. Notably, CSF miRNA-155 showed the highest accuracy in correctly diagnosing MS. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was observed between inflammatory cytokines and miRNA-21, miRNA-155 and miRNA-182. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP and specific miRNAs serve as biomarkers for assessing central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neurodegenerative processes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Shademan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mana Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medicine Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vahidreza Karamad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Delara Laghousi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassanpour
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran.
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Bolton C. An evaluation of the recognised systemic inflammatory biomarkers of chronic sub-optimal inflammation provides evidence for inflammageing (IFA) during multiple sclerosis (MS). Immun Ageing 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33853634 PMCID: PMC8045202 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the human demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the loss of immune tolerance to self-neuroantigens. A deterioration in immune tolerance is linked to inherent immune ageing, or immunosenescence (ISC). Previous work by the author has confirmed the presence of ISC during MS. Moreover, evidence verified a prematurely aged immune system that may change the frequency and profile of MS through an altered decline in immune tolerance. Immune ageing is closely linked to a chronic systemic sub-optimal inflammation, termed inflammageing (IFA), which disrupts the efficiency of immune tolerance by varying the dynamics of ISC that includes accelerated changes to the immune system over time. Therefore, a shifting deterioration in immunological tolerance may evolve during MS through adversely-scheduled effects of IFA on ISC. However, there is, to date, no collective proof of ongoing IFA during MS. The Review addresses the constraint and provides a systematic critique of compelling evidence, through appraisal of IFA-related biomarker studies, to support the occurrence of a sub-optimal inflammation during MS. The findings justify further work to unequivocally demonstrate IFA in MS and provide additional insight into the complex pathology and developing epidemiology of the disease.
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Muglia Amancio A, Mittereder L, Carletti A, Tosh KW, Green D, Antonelli LR, Gazzinelli RT, Sher A, Jankovic D. IFNs Reset the Differential Capacity of Human Monocyte Subsets to Produce IL-12 in Response to Microbial Stimulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1642-1652. [PMID: 33627376 PMCID: PMC8034562 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human primary monocytes are composed of a minor, more mature CD16+(CD14low/neg) population and a major CD16neg(CD14+) subset. The specific functions of CD16+ versus CD16neg monocytes in steady state or inflammation remain poorly understood. In previous work, we found that IL-12 is selectively produced by the CD16+ subset in response to the protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii In this study, we demonstrated that this differential responsiveness correlates with the presence of an IFN-induced transcriptional signature in CD16+ monocytes already at baseline. Consistent with this observation, we found that in vitro IFN-γ priming overcomes the defect in the IL-12 response of the CD16neg subset. In contrast, pretreatment with IFN-γ had only a minor effect on IL-12p40 secretion by the CD16+ population. Moreover, inhibition of the mTOR pathway also selectively increased the IL-12 response in CD16neg but not in CD16+ monocytes. We further demonstrate that in contrast to IFN-γ, IFN-α fails to promote IL-12 production by the CD16neg subset and blocks the effect of IFN-γ priming. Based on these observations, we propose that the acquisition of IL-12 responsiveness by peripheral blood monocyte subsets depends on extrinsic signals experienced during their developmental progression in vivo. This process can be overridden during inflammation by the opposing regulatory effects of type I and II IFN as well as the mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Muglia Amancio
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lara Mittereder
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alexie Carletti
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kevin W Tosh
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel Green
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lis R Antonelli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, FIOCRUZ, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-030, Brazil
| | - Alan Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Napier J, Rose L, Adeoye O, Hooker E, Walsh KB. Modulating acute neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: the potential promise of currently approved medications for multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:7-15. [PMID: 30702002 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1566361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The secondary inflammatory injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in increased morbidity and mortality. White blood cells have been implicated as critical mediators of this inflammatory injury. Currently, no medications have been clinically proven to ameliorate or beneficially modulate inflammation, or to improve outcomes by any mechanism, following ICH. However, other neuroinflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, have approved pharmacologic therapies that modulate the inflammatory response and minimize the damage caused by inflammatory cells. Thus, there is substantial interest in existing therapies for neuroinflammation and their potential applicability to other acute neurological diseases such as ICH. In this review, we examined the mechanism of action of twelve currently approved medications for multiple sclerosis: alemtuzumab, daclizumab, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, teriflunomide. We analyzed the existing literature pertaining to the effects of these medications on various leukocytes and also with emphasis on mechanisms of action during the acute period following initiation of therapy. As a result, we provide a valuable summary of the current body of knowledge regarding these therapies and evidence that supports or refutes their likely promise for treating neuroinflammation following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred Napier
- a College of Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Lucas Rose
- a College of Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Opeolu Adeoye
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Gardner Neuroscience Institute , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Edmond Hooker
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Kyle B Walsh
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Gardner Neuroscience Institute , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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Dubuisson N, Puentes F, Giovannoni G, Gnanapavan S. Science is 1% inspiration and 99% biomarkers. Mult Scler 2017; 23:1442-1452. [PMID: 28537780 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517709362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration plays a key role in multiple sclerosis (MS) contributing to long-term disability in patients. The prognosis is, however, unpredictable coloured by complex disease mechanisms which can only be clearly appreciated using biomarkers specific to pathobiology of the underlying process. Here, we describe six promising neurodegenerative biomarkers in MS (neurofilament proteins, neurofilament antibodies, tau, N-acetylaspartate, chitinase and chitinase-like proteins and osteopontin), critically evaluating the evidence using a modified Bradford Hill criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dubuisson
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fabiola Puentes
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sharmilee Gnanapavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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van Rensburg CEJ. The Antiinflammatory Properties of Humic Substances: A Mini Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:791-5. [PMID: 25732236 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humic substances are effective in the suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity, rat paw oedema, a graft-versus-host reaction and contact hypersensitivity in rats. They reduce the C-reactive protein levels of patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee and the wheel and flare reaction of patients suffering from hay fever. They have also been described as cardioprotective and pro-angiogenic. Toxicity studies have indicated that potassium humate is safe in humans up to a daily dosage of 1 g/kg, whereas fulvic acid is safe in humans up to a daily dosage of 1.8 g per adult. The antiinflammatory action of potassium humate can be contributed to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory-related cytokines, an adhesion molecule, oxidants and components of the complement system.
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Helicobacter pylori VacA suppresses Lactobacillus acidophilus-induced interferon beta signaling in macrophages via alterations in the endocytic pathway. mBio 2013; 4:e00609-12. [PMID: 23760466 PMCID: PMC3685213 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00609-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis and avoids elimination by the immune system of the infected host. The commensal bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus has been suggested to exert beneficial effects as a supplement during H. pylori eradication therapy. In the present study, we applied whole-genome microarray analysis to compare the immune responses induced in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated with L. acidophilus, H. pylori, or both bacteria in combination. While L. acidophilus induced a Th1-polarizing response characterized by high expression of interferon beta (IFN-β) and interleukin 12 (IL-12), H. pylori strongly induced the innate cytokines IL-1β and IL-1α. In BMDMs prestimulated with L. acidophilus, H. pylori blocked the expression of L. acidophilus-induced IFN-β and IL-12 and suppressed the expression of key regulators of the Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases. The inhibition of L. acidophilus-induced IFN-β was independent of H. pylori viability and the virulence factor CagPAI; however, a vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) mutant was unable to block IFN-β. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the addition of H. pylori to L. acidophilus-stimulated BMDMs redirects intracellular processing, leading to an accumulation of L. acidophilus in the endosomal and lysosomal compartments. Thus, our findings indicate that H. pylori inhibits the development of a strong Th1-polarizing response in BMDMs stimulated with L. acidophilus by blocking the production of IFN-β in a VacA-dependent manner. We suggest that this abrogation is caused by a redirection of the endocytotic pathway in the processing of L. acidophilus. Approximately half of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori. The factors that allow this pathogen to persist in the stomach and cause chronic infections have not yet been fully elucidated. In particular, how H. pylori avoids killing by macrophages, one of the main types of immune cell underlying the epithelium, remains elusive. Here we have shown that the H. pylori virulence factor VacA plays a key role by blocking the activation of innate cytokines induced by the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus in macrophages and suppresses the expression of key regulators required for the organization and dynamics of the intracellular cytoskeleton. Our results identify potential targets for the treatment of H. pylori infection and vaccination, since specific inhibition of the toxin VacA possibly allows the activation of an efficient immune response and thereby eradication of H. pylori in the host.
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8
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Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in a fulminant case of multiple sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:7676-7693. [PMID: 22837721 PMCID: PMC3397553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease, but in rare fulminant cases rapid progression may lead to death shortly after diagnosis. Currently there is no diagnostic test to predict disease course. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers/proteins related to rapid progression. We present the case history of a 15-year-old male MS patient. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken at diagnosis and at the time of rapid progression leading to the patient’s death. Using isobaric tag labeling and nanoflow liquid chromatography in conjunction with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry we quantitatively analyzed the protein content of two CSF samples from the patient with fulminant MS as well as one relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patient and one control headache patient, whose CSF analysis was normal. Seventy-eight proteins were identified and seven proteins were found to be more abundant in both fulminant MS samples but not in the RR MS sample compared to the control. These proteins are involved in the immune response, blood coagulation, cell proliferation and cell adhesion. In conclusion, in this pilot study we were able to show differences in the CSF proteome of a rapidly progressing MS patient compared to a more typical clinical form of MS and a control subject.
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Durastanti V, Lugaresi A, Bramanti P, Amato M, Bellantonio P, De Luca G, Picconi O, Fantozzi R, Locatelli L, Solda' A, Sessa E, Totaro R, Marino S, Zipoli V, Zorzon M, Millefiorini E. Neopterin production and tryptophan degradation during 24-months therapy with interferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis patients. J Transl Med 2011; 9:42. [PMID: 21501517 PMCID: PMC3102623 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Durastanti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Antony JM, Deslauriers AM, Bhat RK, Ellestad KK, Power C. Human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: innocent bystanders or disease determinants? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1812:162-76. [PMID: 20696240 PMCID: PMC7172332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute 5–8% of human genomic DNA and are replication incompetent despite expression of individual HERV genes from different chromosomal loci depending on the specific tissue. Several HERV genes have been detected as transcripts and proteins in the central nervous system, frequently in the context of neuroinflammation. The HERV-W family has received substantial attention in large part because of associations with diverse syndromes including multiple sclerosis (MS) and several psychiatric disorders. A HERV-W-related retroelement, multiple sclerosis retrovirus (MSRV), has been reported in MS patients to be both a biomarker as well as an effector of aberrant immune responses. HERV-H and HERV-K have also been implicated in MS and other neurological diseases but await delineation of their contributions to disease. The HERV-W envelope-encoded glycosylated protein, syncytin-1, is encoded by chromosome 7q21 and exhibits increased glial expression within MS lesions. Overexpression of syncytin-1 in glia induces endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to neuroinflammation and the induction of free radicals, which damage proximate cells. Syncytin-1's receptor, ASCT1 is a neutral amino acid transporter expressed on glia and is suppressed in white matter of MS patients. Of interest, antioxidants ameliorate syncytin-1's neuropathogenic effects raising the possibility of using these agents as therapeutics for neuroinflammatory diseases. Given the multiple insertion sites of HERV genes as complete and incomplete open reading frames, together with their differing capacity to be expressed and the complexities of individual HERVs as both disease markers and bioactive effectors, HERV biology is a compelling area for understanding neuropathogenic mechanisms and developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Rejdak K, Leary SM, Petzold A, Thompson AJ, Miller DH, Giovannoni G. Urinary neopterin and nitric oxide metabolites as markers of interferon β-1a activity in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16:1066-72. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458510375100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Interferon beta has not been demonstrated to be effective in exploratory phase 2 clinical trials in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. However, using more sensitive indicators of a treatment response, such as biomarkers, might help to identify sub-groups of patients who may benefit from therapy. Objective: To assess the utility of measuring urinary neopterin and nitric oxide metabolite excretion for monitoring interferon β-1a (IFNβ-1a) treatment in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Methods: Fifty patients from a phase II trial of IFNβ-1a (Placebo n = 20; Avonex® 1 × 30 μg/week (IFN-30), n = 15; Avonex® 1 × 60 μg/week (IFN-60), n = 15), were enrolled. Patients were assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Urine samples were collected on each visit, 3 months apart, for a period of 24 months. Nitric oxide metabolites, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), were measured by colorimetric assay and neopterin and creatinine (Cr) were assayed using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique. NOx/creatinine ratio (NOxCR) and urinary neopterin/creatinine ratio (UNCR) quotients were calculated. Results: There was no significant difference between pre-dose, baseline levels of UNCR or NOxCR between the study groups. On the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a significant difference in UNCR levels between the placebo compared with IFN-30 ( p = 0.03) or IFN-60 ( p = 0.002) groups. The IFN-30 and IFN-60 groups did not differ. Within IFNβ-1a-treated patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis, median UNCR values were significantly higher in clinically stable (no Expanded Disability Status Scale change) compared with progressive patients ( p = 0.002). IFNβ-1a treatment did not significantly influence NOx excretion in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Conclusions: Urinary neopterin is a potential biomarker to monitor the in vivo effects of IFNβ-1a in primary progressive multiple sclerosis and other multiple sclerosis sub-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland,
| | - SM Leary
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - A. Petzold
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK, Free University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - AJ Thompson
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - DH Miller
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - G. Giovannoni
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Sellner J, Greeve I, Mattle HP. Atorvastatin decreases high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008; 14:981-4. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458508091368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory potential of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, as reflected by modulation of C-reactive protein (CRP), might be beneficial in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated serum levels of high-sensitivity (hs)-CRP in relapsing–remitting MS patients receiving interferon-β 1b and atorvastatin as add-on therapy. This study shows that interferon-β treatment is associated with increased serum levels of hs-CRP in MS patients ( P < 0.01). In contrast, when atorvastatin is added to interferon-β, hs-CRP serum levels decrease to the normal range ( P < 0.05), indicating an anti-inflammatory action of atorvastatin in MS. However, whether add-on treatment with atorvastatin modifies the course of MS remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - I Greeve
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - HP Mattle
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Canavan B, Salem RO, Schurgin S, Koutkia P, Lipinska I, Laposata M, Grinspoon S. Effects of physiological leptin administration on markers of inflammation, platelet activation, and platelet aggregation during caloric deprivation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:5779-85. [PMID: 16076944 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Leptin is a nutritionally regulated adipocyte-derived cytokine. Previous studies in obese patients have demonstrated increased inflammatory markers and increased platelet aggregation in association with leptin. However, the effects of leptin administration on markers of inflammation and platelet aggregation in a human model of undernutrition have not previously been studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate markers of inflammation, platelet activation, and platelet aggregation in a model of caloric deprivation and increased leptin sensitivity. DESIGN This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled study conducted between November 2002 and November 2003. SETTING The study was conducted at an inpatient care setting at the General Clinical Research Center. PARTICIPANTS Twenty healthy, young (18-35 yr old), normal-weight (body mass index, 20-26 kg/m2) women were recruited from local advertisements. No subjects withdrew due to adverse effects. INTERVENTION The effects of physiological recombinant methionyl human leptin or identical placebo administration were investigated over a 4-d fast. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measures for this study were C-reactive protein (CRP) and indices of platelet activity. RESULTS Leptin administration prevented the fasting-induced decline in leptin (P < 0.05 vs. placebo at each time point). Leptin administration increased CRP (6.3 +/- 2.4 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.3 mg/liter; P = 0.04), circulating P-selectin (11.6 +/- 10.2 vs. -28.9 +/- 15.6 ng/ml; P = 0.04), and induction of platelet aggregation (5.8 +/- 2.6 vs. -2.7 +/- 2.9%, P = 0.04, percent maximum platelet aggregation) relative to placebo administration (change in leptin vs. change in placebo, respectively, for each variable). Leptin tended to increase serum amyloid A [0.1 +/- 0.2 vs. -0.3 +/- 0.1 log10 (ng/ml); P = 0.07], and the changes in serum amyloid A and CRP were highly correlated (r = 0.83; P < 0.0001). No changes in TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-10, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, haptoglobin, intercellular adhesion molecule, or vascular cell adhesion molecule were seen between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that physiological leptin administration stimulates inflammatory and platelet responses in humans during caloric deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Canavan
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Bagnato F, Zivadinov R, Cecchinelli D, Tancredi A, Grop A, Pierallini A, De Lena C, Prencipe M, Reale G, Zorzon M, Millefiorini E. beta2-microglobulin serum level is not a marker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2004; 11:455-60. [PMID: 15257683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) is a pharmacodynamic marker of interferon-beta activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Its role in the natural course of the disease is not fully known. We analyzed the spontaneous fluctuation of beta2-MG in free-treatment MS patients during a short-time course to quantify beta2-MG as a marker of disease activity/progression. Thirty MS patients were clinically assessed and imaged monthly over a 3-month period. Sera were collected concomitantly for the evaluation of beta2-MG, by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera from 20 healthy individuals (HI) were drawn and used as controls. The Mann-Whitney test was used when appropriate and time effect on radiological and biological measures was assessed by means of the random effect models. Eight (26.7%) patients experienced a clinical relapse but three (10%) required steroid treatment. A reduction in the contrast-enhancing lesion load (P = 0.02) and a trend (P = 0.07) toward a decrease in brain parenchyma fraction were observed. Baseline levels of beta2-MG were similar in patients and HI. Patients' beta2-MG values increased over the 3-month time period (P = 0.05) but did not exceed those detected in HI at any time point. These results failed to demonstrate the validity of beta2-MG as a surrogate marker of disease in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bagnato
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University La Sapienza, Rome.
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