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Rodrigues TC, Fidalgo F, da Costa CML, Ferreira EN, da Cunha IW, Carraro DM, Krepischi ACV, Rosenberg C. Upregulated genes at 2q24 gains as candidate oncogenes in hepatoblastomas. Future Oncol 2015; 10:2449-57. [PMID: 25525853 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cytogenetic data of hepatoblastomas, a rare embryonal tumor of the liver, mostly consist of descriptions of whole-chromosome aneuploidies and large chromosome alterations. High-resolution cytogenetics may provide clues to hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis and indicate markers with clinical significance. PATIENTS & METHODS We used array-CGH (180K) to screen for genomic imbalances in nine hepatoblastomas. Additionally, we investigated the expression pattern of selected genes exhibiting copy number changes. RESULTS Analysis showed mainly whole-chromosome or chromosome-arm aneuploidies, but some focal aberrations were also mapped. Expression analysis of 48 genes mapped at one 10 Mb amplification at 2q24 revealed upregulation of DAPL1, ERMN, GALNT5, SCN1A and SCN3A in the set of tumors compared with differentiated livers. CONCLUSION These genes appear as candidates for hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Cristina Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics & Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Tomlinson GE, Kappler R. Genetics and epigenetics of hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:785-92. [PMID: 22807084 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of unique genetic features are observed in hepatoblastoma that have provided insights into the origins of hepatoblastoma. Hallmark cytogenetic changes in hepatoblastoma include the acquisition of additional copies of whole chromosomes and a recurring unbalanced translocation involving 1q. Genetic syndromes are associated with approximately 15% of hepatoblastoma and the understanding and recognition of these syndromes will be important in determining future surveillance studies needed to prevent additional cancers in survivors as well as in some case guide the care of family members. This article will review the genetic changes, both germ line and acquired, that are recurring events in hepatoblastoma, with emphasis on how these genetic changes could work together with other developmental factors and influence cancer predisposition, tumor growth, as well as aid in prognosis. Tumor-specific signatures based on transcriptional or epigenetic alterations will be reviewed that might be used in the future to better diagnose and subtype the disease as well as predict prognosis and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail E Tomlinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
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3
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Cytogenetic and array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of a series of hepatoblastomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 194:82-7. [PMID: 19781440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary hepatic tumor in children, and only a limited number of detailed karyotypic analyses have been reported to date. In the present study, cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in nine cases of hepatoblastoma from a single institution. Among characteristic chromosomal changes detected were simple numerical aberrations, structural alterations of chromosomes 1, 2, and 8, and the recurrent unbalanced rearrangements der(4)t(1;4)(q25.2;q35.1) and der(6)t(1;6)(q21;q26). Array comparative genomic hybridization was applied in four of the cases. The combined cytogenetic, molecular cytogenetic, and histopathologic analyses are presented here, together with clinical data. The results substantially confirm previous findings of aberrations involving chromosomal loci on 1q, 2 or 2q, 4q, 6q, 8 or 8q, and 20 as significant in the development and clinical course of this disease.
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4
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Tomlinson GE, Douglass EC, Pollock BH, Finegold MJ, Schneider NR. Cytogenetic evaluation of a large series of hepatoblastomas: Numerical abnormalities with recurring aberrations involving 1q12-q21. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 44:177-84. [PMID: 15981236 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is a malignant embryonal liver tumor that occurs almost exclusively in infants and very young children. Previous cytogenetic studies of hepatoblastoma have investigated small series or individual cases. This report is on the cytogenetics of a large series of 111 hepatoblastoma specimens, with cytogenetic results consecutively karyotyped over a 12-year period. Abnormal karyotypes were observed in 55 cases (approximately 50% of the total). Numerical aberrations were observed in 41 cases (36% of the total), particularly trisomies of chromosomes 2, 8, and 20. Chromosome losses were less common than chromosome gains. Structural abnormalities were observed in 43 cases (39% of the total). Unbalanced translocations resulting in trisomy 1q and involving breakpoints at 1q12-21 were the most common structural abnormality, observed in 20 tumors (18% of total cases); the corresponding translocated chromosome was highly varied. The previously reported t(1;4) was observed in seven cases. Most tumors with translocations involving 1q12-21 also displayed numerical chromosome aberrations, the most common of which were chromosomal trisomies, whereas tumors with other structural rearrangements had fewer numerical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail E Tomlinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
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5
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Nagata T, Nakamura M, Shichino H, Chin M, Sugito K, Ikeda T, Koshinaga T, Fukuzawa M, Inoue M, Mugishima H. Cytogenetic abnormalities in hepatoblastoma: report of two new cases and review of the literature suggesting imbalance of chromosomal regions on chromosomes 1, 4, and 12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 156:8-13. [PMID: 15588850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Revised: 04/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of hepatoblastoma with unique karyotypic changes are described. One case was that of a 2-year-old boy with an unbalanced chromosomal translocation involving 4q35 as the sole chromosomal abnormality. The clonal karyotype of this tumor was 46,XY,add(4)(q35)[3]/46,XY[9]. In the other case, that of a 2-year-old boy, karyotypic analyses revealed the clonal karyotype as 57,XY,+del(1)(p22),+2,+5,+6,+7,+8,+del(12)(p12),+18,+19,+20,+22[4]/46,XY[12]. Review of these two cases, together with previous reports, underscored the significance of numerical and/or structural chromosomal abnormalities of 1q, 4q, 2, 8, and 20 in the development of hepatoblastoma. The present results show that imbalance of the terminal region of 4q could be the sole chromosomal abnormality in a hepatoblastoma. We also found that imbalance of chromosomal regions on chromosomes 1 and 12 may contribute to the development of hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Nagata
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nihon University, School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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6
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Schnater JM, Köhler SE, Lamers WH, von Schweinitz D, Aronson DC. Where do we stand with hepatoblastoma? A review. Cancer 2003; 98:668-78. [PMID: 12910509 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver malignancy, comprising approximately 1% of all pediatric cancers. The disparate clinical staging systems and histologic classifications that were developed during the last decades, nevertheless, reflect the remaining difficulties and uncertainties in characterizing HB. Furthermore, the combination of surgery and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy has improved patient outcomes dramatically. A poor prognosis is associated with large tumor size, multifocality, extrahepatic disease, and metastatic spread. The exact etiology of HB remains unknown, but the cytogenetic alterations, phenotypic features, and biologic aspects that accompany this neoplasm yield more and more insight into its pathogenesis. New cell-biologic and molecular-biologic insights may lead to the development of new treatment modalities, especially for patients with a bad prognosis. This review summarizes the different aspects of this intriguing tumor and discusses the current status of research and treatment for patients with HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marco Schnater
- Pediatric Surgical Center of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Buendia MA. Genetic alterations in hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: common and distinctive aspects. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2002; 39:530-5. [PMID: 12228912 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are two different subtypes of primary tumors arising from liver parenchymal cells. These tumors differ by many histoclinical characteristics, and comparative analysis of genetic alterations in HB and HCC might provide some clues on the molecular oncogenic pathways leading to hepatocyte transformation. Recent outcomes have been provided by the assessment of global genetic changes in tumor cells, using conventional cytogenetic approaches, PCR-based microsatellite analysis and Comparative genomic Hybridization (CGH). Cytogenetic studies of HB, microsatellite analysis of HCC and recent CHG data have outlined common and distinctive characters between the two tumor types. HBs are characterized by a low number of chromosomal changes, consisting mainly of gains at chromosomes 1q, 2, 8q, 17q, and 20. By contrast, HCCs harbor multiple chromosomal abnormalities, predominantly losses, with increased chromosomal instability in tumors associated with hepatitis B virus infection. Common alterations in HB and HCC include gain of chromosomes 1q, 8q, and 17q, and loss of 4q. Another important common feature shared by the two tumor types is the frequent activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by stabilizing mutations of beta-catenin. Immunohistochemical analysis of beta-catenin has demonstrated nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of the protein in most HBs and in more than one third of HCCs. Strikingly, beta-catenin mutations are associated with chromosomal stability in both tumor types. Together, these studies define different pathways in liver cell transformation, reflecting various developmental stages and multiple risk factors. A detailed understanding of the molecular hits underlying liver tumorigenesis, combined with clinicopathological parameters, will permit an accurate evaluation of major targets for prognostic and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Annick Buendia
- Unité de Recombinaison et Expression Génétique, Inserm U163, Département des Retrovirus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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8
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Ali W, Savasan S, Rabah R, Mohamed AN. Cytogenetic findings in two new cases of hepatoblastoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 133:179-82. [PMID: 11943350 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe two cases of hepatoblastoma occurring in an 18-month-old boy and a 3-month-old girl. Cytogenetic analysis of the primary tumors revealed gain of 2q and 20 in both cases. In case 1, t(7;8;11) was seen as a secondary abnormality. Other chromosomal aberrations seen in case 2 were unbalanced t(1;1) and t(2;11), resulting in partial gains of 1q and 2q. These results support previous reports that gains of 2q and 20 and rearrangement of chromosome 1 are strongly associated with hepatoblastoma and may be essential for establishing this neoplasm. The 11q and 7q abnormalities may represent a pathway of genetic evolution associated with hepatoblastoma progression.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Female
- Hepatoblastoma/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Karyotyping
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Male
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Ali
- Department of Pathology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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9
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Yeh YA, Rao PH, Cigna CT, Middlesworth W, Lefkowitch JH, Murty VV. Trisomy 1q, 2, and 20 in a case of hepatoblastoma: possible significance of 2q35-q37 and 1q12-q21 rearrangements. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 123:140-3. [PMID: 11150606 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Combined cytogenetic, chromosome painting, and spectral karyotyping (SKY) analyses in a case of hepatoblastoma revealed a karyotype of 49,XY,+Y,+der(2)t(2;3)(q35;q25),der(3)t(1;3)(q12; q25),+20. Trisomy 1q, 2, and 20 identified in the present case are consistent with the previously reported cytogenetic alterations in hepatoblastoma. The breakpoints at 1q12 and 2q35 identified in this case have also been reported previously as nonrandom changes. The frequent occurrence of these rearrangements in hepatoblastoma suggests that they may be of pathogenic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Yeh
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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10
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Gray SG, Kytölä S, Matsunaga T, Larsson C, Ekström TJ. Comparative genomic hybridization reveals population-based genetic alterations in hepatoblastomas. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:1020-5. [PMID: 10993649 PMCID: PMC2363571 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is a malignant paediatric liver tumour. In order to approach the genetic background of this malignancy we have screened a panel of eighteen cases from Europe and Japan for chromosomal imbalances using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most frequent losses included chromosomal regions 13q21-q22 (28%) and 9p22-pter (22%), while the most frequent gains occurred on 2q23-q24 (33%), 20q (28%) and 1q24-q25 (28%). A significant difference in CGH alterations between the tumours from patients of Caucasian and Japanese was revealed where loss of 13q was found only in the Japanese samples. In conclusion, the findings indicate several candidate regions for suppressor genes and oncogenes potentially involved in the hepatoblastomas of different ethnic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Gray
- Laboratory for Molecular Development and Tumor Biology, Experimental Alcohol and Drug Addiction Research Section, Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, CMM, L8 01, Stockholm, S-171 76, Sweden
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11
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Weber RG, Pietsch T, von Schweinitz D, Lichter P. Characterization of genomic alterations in hepatoblastomas. A role for gains on chromosomes 8q and 20 as predictors of poor outcome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2000; 157:571-8. [PMID: 10934159 PMCID: PMC1850131 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As data on the genomic alterations in hepatoblastoma (HB) are limited, 34 HB tumors and three HB cell lines were screened for DNA copy number changes by comparative genomic hybridization. The average number of chromosomal imbalances per tumor was 2.3 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- SEM) with gains sevenfold more frequent than losses. The most frequent gains of chromosomal material in HB tumors were on 2q (44%), 1q (41%), 2p (29%), 20 (24%), 22q (18%), 8q (15%), 8p and 12q (9% each), as well as 7q, 12p, and 17 (6% each) and the only recurrent loss was on 4q in 12% of cases. Highly amplified sequences were identified in four tumors and mapped to 2q24 in two cases, to 8q in two cases (once to 8q11.2-q13 and once to 8q11.2-q21.3) as well as to 10q24-q26 in one case. In one cell line, highly amplified DNA sequences were mapped to 7p and 8q. Comparison to previously published data on this series of HB revealed that the number of chromosomal imbalances was significantly higher in HB tumors with loss of heterozygosity on 11p (P = 0.03), whereas in five of 10 HB biopsies without chromosomal imbalances, beta-catenin gene mutations were found. HB patients were divided into a good (no evidence of disease) and a poor (died of disease) outcome group according to their clinical course after standard therapy. Two alterations were found to be significantly associated with poor outcome: gain on 8q (P = 0.007) and gain on 20 (P = 0.009). In summary, our analysis allowed the identification of gains on chromosomes 1q and 2 as hallmark DNA copy number changes in HB with 2q24 as a critical chromosomal band. Furthermore, this study provided evidence that gains on 8q and 20 play a role as markers of prognostic significance in HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Weber
- Abteilung Organisation komplexer Genome, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Steenman M, Westerveld A, Mannens M. Genetics of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome-associated tumors: common genetic pathways. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000; 28:1-13. [PMID: 10738297 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(200005)28:1<1::aid-gcc1>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific subset of solid childhood tumors-Wilms' tumor, adrenocortical carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and hepatoblastoma-is characterized by its association with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Genetic abnormalities found in these tumors affect the same chromosome region (11p15), which has been implicated in the etiology of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. This suggests that the development of these tumors occurs along a common genetic pathway involving chromosome 11. To search for additional common genetic pathways, this article reviews the genetic data published for these tumors. It was found that, up until now, the only genetic abnormalities detected in all four tumors affect chromosome band 11p15 and the TP53 gene. In addition, there are several aberrations that occur in two or three of the neoplasms. It is concluded that, of the four tumors, the genetic relationship is most evident between Wilms' tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steenman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Ma SK, Cheung AN, Choy C, Chan GC, Ha SY, Ching LM, Wan TS, Chan LC. Cytogenetic characterization of childhood hepatoblastoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 119:32-6. [PMID: 10812168 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the cytogenetic abnormalities in two cases of childhood hepatoblastoma. The first case was of fetal histology with squamous metaplasia, and cytogenetic study showed an add(5)(q31). Although an association between hepatoblastoma and familial adenomatous polyposis is recognized, the breakpoint in this case is distal to 5q21 and most probably does not involve the APC gene at that location. The second case was of macrotrabecular histology, and cytogenetic study showed an unbalanced translocation in the form of der(4)t(1;4)(q12;q34) in a hyperdiploid clone. Including our case, der(4)t(1;4)(q12;q34) has been recognized in four cases of hepatoblastoma, and it may be the first recurrent translocation in this tumor. Understanding the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of this translocation awaits analysis of more cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Ma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Parada LA, Limon J, Iliszko M, Czauderna P, Gisselsson D, Höglund M, Kullendorff CM, Wiebe T, Mertens F, Johansson B. Cytogenetics of hepatoblastoma: further characterization of 1q rearrangements by fluorescence in situ hybridization: an international collaborative study. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2000; 34:165-70. [PMID: 10696121 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(200003)34:3<165::aid-mpo1>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma (HBT) is the most common hepatic neoplasm in children. This notwithstanding, little is known about pathogenetic factors, such as genetic abnormalities, of importance for the development and progression of this tumor type. To date, only 33 cytogenetically abnormal HBT have been published, and trisomies for chromosomes 2 and 20 have been shown to be the most frequent aberrations. Recently, unbalanced translocations involving proximal 1q have been described in several HBT, suggesting that a pathogenetically important gene maps to 1q. PROCEDURE Six primary and one recurrent HBT were cytogenetically analyzed after short-term tissue culture. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies, using locus-specific probes, were performed on three of these pediatric HBT as well as on one previously reported adult HBT. RESULTS Total or partial trisomy 8, gain of chromosome 20, and structural rearrangements of chromosome 1 were detected in three HBT, and overrepresentation of chromosome 2 material was found in two HBT. The adjacent chromosome bands 1q12 and 1q21 were involved in three translocations, t(1;2), t(1;4), and t(1;11), which were all unbalanced and resulted in gain of 1q material. The previously reported adult HBT displayed 1q deletions with breakpoints at 1q12-21. FISH analyses of the 1q rearrangements revealed that all breakpoints were within the heterochromatic region. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further support for the importance of trisomies 2, 8, and 20 and rearrangements of 1q in the development of HBT. Furthermore, the consistent localization of breakpoints within the heterochromatic segment of chromosome 1 suggests that the important pathogenetic consequence of 1q abnormalities is the resulting genomic imbalance rather than a specific gene rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Parada
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
Prior cytogenetic analyses of hepatoblastomas have shown the most common recurring abnormalities to be trisomy for chromosomes 2 and 20, and a recurrent translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 4 identified in a minority of cases. Four cases have shown double minute chromosomes, which provide cytogenetic evidence for gene amplification, although no particular genes or genetic regions have been shown to be amplified. To further investigate the cytogenetic changes involved in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatoblastoma, this study analyzes 10 tumors by comparative genomic hybridization. Regions of relative gain or loss were found in nine tumors. The most common recurrent abnormalities were gain of the long arm of chromosome 1 (six tumors), gain of chromosomes 2 (seven tumors), 17 (four tumors), and 20 (three tumors), and loss of chromosomes 4 and 11 (two tumors each). Four cases showed restricted regions of high-level gain at 1q32 or 2q24, regions that have previously been reported to be amplified in other tumors, but not in hepatoblastomas. A specific amplified gene has yet to be identified at these loci, although candidate genes have been proposed and may offer targets for future studies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:196-201, 2000.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Female
- Hepatoblastoma/genetics
- Humans
- Infant
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Male
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hu
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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16
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Cuthill S, Agarwal P, Sarkar S, Savelieva E, Reznikoff CA. Dominant genetic alterations in immortalization: Role for 20q gain. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199912)26:4<304::aid-gcc4>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Nagata T, Mugishima H, Shichino H, Suzuki T, Chin M, Koshinaga S, Inoue M, Harada K. Karyotypic analyses of hepatoblastoma. Report of two cases and review of the literature suggesting chromosomal loci responsible for the pathogenesis of this disease. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 114:42-50. [PMID: 10526534 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of fetal hepatoblastoma with unique karyotypic changes are described. One was a 17-month-old boy with multiple unbalanced chromosomal translocations, resulting in four types of derivative chromosomes involving chromosomal loci at 1q21, 1q32, 2q23, 6q27, 7p22, and 21p12, partial tetrasomy of 1q, partial trisomy of 2q, and partial monosomy of 21p. The clonal karyotype of this tumor was 46,XY,der(2)t(1;2)(q32;q37), der(6)t(1;6)(q12;q27), der(7)t(2;7)(q23;p22), der(21)t(2;21) (q23;p12). In the other case, a 4-year-old girl, karyotypic analyses revealed trisomy 2 and 8, and the clonal karyotype of this case was 48,XX,+2,+8. Review of these cases together with previous reports suggested the significance of chromosomal changes including numerical abnormalities of 1q, 2(or 2q), 20, and 8 (or 8q), and breakage of 1q and 2q in the development of hepatoblastoma. The results presented herein underscore the significance of numerical abnormalities of chromosomal regions 1q and 2q and of chromosome 8 in the development of hepatoblastoma, in addition to abnormalities of 6q27, 7p22, and 21p12-13 as other chromosomal loci that may be responsible for the pathogenesis of this embryonal type of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Sainati L, Leszl A, Stella M, Montaldi A, Perilongo G, Rugge M, Bolcato S, Iolascon A, Basso G. Cytogenetic analysis of hepatoblastoma: hypothesis of cytogenetic evolution in such tumors and results of a multicentric study. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 104:39-44. [PMID: 9648556 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is a rare pediatric malignant tumor of the liver. Previous cytogenetic reports are sporadic. We karyotyped nine consecutive hepatoblastomas from the Italian centers participating in a multicentric study on hepatic tumors (SIOPEL 1). Six cases showed abnormal karyotypes. The most common abnormalities were trisomies of chromosomes 2 and 20. Four cases showed abnormalities of chromosome 1. On the basis of findings, we speculate the possibility of a cytogenetic evolutive pattern of hepatoblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sainati
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Padova, Italy
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Balogh E, Swanton S, Kiss C, Jakab ZS, Secker-Walker LM, Oláh E. Fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals trisomy 2q by insertion into 9p in hepatoblastoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 102:148-50. [PMID: 9546070 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a hepatoblastoma are presented. The results of standard chromosome analysis were as follows: 47,XY,+2,add(4)(q35),-9,+20[10]. FISH with the use of whole-chromosome paints revealed partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 2 by insertion into chromosome 9. Comparison of the G-banded metaphases with metaphase FISH led to a reinterpretation of the karyotype as: 47,XY,add(4)(q35),der(9)ins(9;2)(p22;q?21q?25),+20. This case supports previous observations that the critical region of trisomy 2 lies between 2q21 and 2qter and shows how partial trisomy 2q may evade detection in G-banded metaphases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Balogh
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical School, Debrecen, Hungary
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Parada LA, Bardi G, Hallén M, Hägerstrand I, Tranberg KG, Mitelman F, Johansson B. Cytogenetic abnormalities and clonal evolution in an adult hepatoblastoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1997; 21:1381-6. [PMID: 9351578 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199711000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastomas usually occur in children < 3 years of age, and only occasional adult cases have been described. To date, 20 cytogenetically abnormal childhood hepatoblastomas have been reported. Karyotypic investigations have shown that most hepatoblastomas are diploid or hyperdiploid, often displaying trisomies for chromosomes 2 and 20. We have cytogenetically investigated an adult hepatoblastoma for which no previous karyotypic data exist. A hypertriploid stemline with multiple numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations, including +2 and +20, was found. In addition, the tumor displayed extensive clonal evolution with 11 subclones. Although the tumor thus displayed some chromosomal abnormalities commonly observed in childhood tumors, providing further support for the importance of these abnormalities in the development of hepatoblastoma, the level of genomic complexity seen in the present case has never been described in childhood hepatoblastomas and may suggest a different etiology or pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Parada
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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