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Raos D, Abramović I, Tomić M, Vrtarić A, Kuliš T, Ćorić M, Ulamec M, Katušić Bojanac A, Ježek D, Sinčić N. CNV Hotspots in Testicular Seminoma Tissue and Seminal Plasma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:189. [PMID: 35008352 PMCID: PMC8750740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminoma (SE) is the most frequent type of testicular tumour, affecting predominantly young men. Early detection and diagnosis of SE could significantly improve life quality and reproductive health after diagnosis and treatment. Copy number variation (CNV) has already been associated with various cancers as well as SE. In this study, we selected four genes (MAGEC2, NANOG, RASSF1A, and KITLG) for CNV analysis in genomic DNA (gDNA), which are located on chromosomes susceptible to gains, and whose aberrant expression was already detected in SE. Furthermore, CNV was analysed in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from seminal plasma. Analysis was performed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) on gDNA from SE and nonmalignant testicular tissue. Seminal plasma cfDNA from SE patients before and after surgery was analysed, as well as from healthy volunteers. The CNV hotspot in gDNA from SE tissue was detected for the first time in all analysed genes, and for two genes, NANOG and KITLG it was reflected in cfDNA from seminal plasma. Although clinical value is yet to be determined, presented data emphasize a potential use of CNV as a potential SE biomarker from a liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Raos
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (I.A.); (M.Ć.); (A.K.B.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (M.U.)
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Irena Abramović
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (I.A.); (M.Ć.); (A.K.B.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (M.U.)
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Miroslav Tomić
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Alen Vrtarić
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Tomislav Kuliš
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (M.U.)
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Ćorić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (I.A.); (M.Ć.); (A.K.B.)
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (M.U.)
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Clinical Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katušić Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (I.A.); (M.Ć.); (A.K.B.)
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Davor Ježek
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sinčić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.R.); (I.A.); (M.Ć.); (A.K.B.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (M.U.)
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Kaochar S, Dong J, Torres M, Rajapakshe K, Nikolos F, Davis CM, Ehli EA, Coarfa C, Mitsiades N, Poulaki V. ICG-001 Exerts Potent Anticancer Activity Against Uveal Melanoma Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:132-143. [PMID: 29332125 PMCID: PMC5769500 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Uveal melanoma (UM) is uniformly refractory to all available systemic chemotherapies, thus creating an urgent need for novel therapeutics. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of UM cells to ICG-001, a small molecule reported to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin–mediated transcriptional program. Methods We used a panel of UM cell lines to examine the effects of ICG-001 on cellular proliferation, migration, and gene expression. In vivo efficacy of ICG-001 was evaluated in a UM xenograft model. Results ICG-001 exerted strong antiproliferative activity against UM cells, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and inhibition of migration. Global gene expression profiling revealed strong suppression of genes associated with cell cycle proliferation, DNA replication, and G1/S transition. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that ICG-001 suppressed Wnt, mTOR, and MAPK signaling. Strikingly, ICG-001 suppressed the expression of genes associated with UM aggressiveness, including CDH1, CITED1, EMP1, EMP3, SDCBP, and SPARC. Notably, the transcriptomic footprint of ICG-001, when applied to a UM patient dataset, was associated with better clinical outcome. Lastly, ICG-001 exerted anticancer activity against a UM tumor xenograft in mice. Conclusions Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrate that ICG-001 has strong anticancer activity against UM cells and suppresses transcriptional programs critical for the cancer cell. Our results suggest that ICG-001 holds promise and should be examined further as a novel therapeutic agent for UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kaochar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jianrong Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Marie Torres
- Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Fotis Nikolos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Christel M Davis
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Vasiliki Poulaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review laboratory methods, currently available commercial tests, caveats and clinical tips regarding prognostic analysis of uveal melanoma tissue. METHODS A review of the literature was performed focused on the genetic abnormalities found in uveal melanoma cells, their correlation to the development of metastases, the validity of various laboratory approaches in their detection, and the existing commercially available tests for uveal melanoma prognostication. RESULTS Numerous laboratory methods exist for analyzing genetic material obtained from uveal melanoma cells. Older tests have been gradually replaced with contemporary methods that are simpler with greater accuracy. Two commercially available assays exist which have not been directly compared-a gene expression profiling test has been validated directly through a large, prospective multicenter study and a DNA-based test which uses laboratory methods supported by extensive historical data. CONCLUSION There are myriad laboratory methods for prognostic analysis of uveal melanoma tissue. These tests were historically only available to those with access to an outfitted laboratory. Newer commercially available assays have increased the accessibility of prognostic biopsy for uveal melanoma. The various caveats that exist when considering and performing prognostic biopsy of uveal melanoma are discussed.
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Adjuvant Sunitinib in High-Risk Patients with Uveal Melanoma. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
The majority of melanocytic neoplasms can be correctly diagnosed using routine histopathologic analysis. However, a significant minority of tumors have ambiguous histopathologic attributes that overlap between melanocytic nevi and melanoma. Ancillary tests that assist in distinguishing potentially lethal melanomas from benign melanocytic nevi with atypical histopathologic features are available, but still need refining.Most melanomas have chromosomal copy number aberrations, frequently involving multiple chromosomes. With rare exceptions, such anomalies are not found in melanocytic nevi. This difference formed the basis to develop assays that can help distinguish melanoma from nevi by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). FISH can detect chromosomal copy number changes of a limited number of loci within individual cells. By contrast, CGH assesses copy number across the entire genome, but typically is performed on bulk cell populations so that copy number changes in individual cells or subpopulations of cells can go undetected. Both FISH and CGH have been used to provide genomic information in histopathologically ambiguous melanocytic tumors that can assist pathologists make correct diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P North
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Werdich XQ, Jakobiec FA, Singh AD, Kim IK. A review of advanced genetic testing for clinical prognostication in uveal melanoma. Semin Ophthalmol 2013; 28:361-71. [PMID: 24010756 DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2013.825290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) has a strong propensity to metastasize and the prognosis for metastatic disease is very poor. It has been suggested that occult micrometastases are already present, but undetectable, in many patients at the time when the primary ocular tumor is diagnosed and treated. To identify high-risk patients for close monitoring and early intervention with prophylactic adjuvant systemic therapy, an accurate predictive system is necessary for stratifying those patients at risk of developing metastatic disease. To date, many clinical and histopathological features, molecular pathway characteristics, and genetic fingerprints of UM have been suggested for disease prognostication. Among the newest of them, tumor genetics has received the most attention in demonstrating promise as a prognostic tool. Because of the plethora of recent developments, we summarize and compare in this review the important standard and more advanced cytogenetic prognostic markers. We further describe the variety of genetic tests available for prognostication of UM, and provide a critical assessment of the respective advantages and disadvantages of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Q Werdich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA and
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy in adults and has a significant predilection for metastasis to the liver. Despite successful treatment of the primary uveal melanoma, up to 50% of patients will subsequently develop a systemic metastasis, with the liver involved in up to 90% of these individuals. Metastatic uveal melanoma has proven to be resistant to currently available systemic chemotherapies. Recognition of the poor prognosis associated with liver metastasis has led to the evaluation of various locoregional treatment modalities primarily designed to control tumor progression in the liver, including surgical resection, hepatic arterial chemotherapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), immunoembolization, radiosphere, drug-eluting beads, isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP), and percutaneous hepatic perfusion. This article reviews the efficacies, and morbidities of currently available locoregional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Overall mortality rate remains high because of the frequent development of metastatic disease, especially hepatic metastasis. While traditional systemic chemotherapies provide only marginal benefit to patients, local treatments for hepatic metastases, such as immunoembolization, have improved patient prognoses. Progress has also been made in identifying potential targets in the pathways involved in apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of uveal melanoma. Among these pathways, the c-Kit, c-Met, and IGF-1R signal pathways and the PTEN-related PI3K-Akt pathway are the most important targets. Clinical trials using blockades of these pathways in conjunction with strategies to facilitate apoptosis is a direction for future clinical trials. Application of these approaches in the adjuvant setting after primary therapy for high-risk uveal melanoma patients is also a future consideration to improve the clinical outcome of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. t_sato @mail.jci.tju.edu
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Targeted therapy for uveal melanoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34:247-58. [PMID: 18226859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intra-ocular malignancy in adults. Overall mortality rate remains high because of the development of metastatic disease, which is highly resistant to systemic therapy. Improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cancers has led to a new generation of therapeutic agents that interfere with a specific pathway critical in tumor development or progression. Although no specific genes have been linked to the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma, which differs from that of cutaneous melanoma, progress has been made in identifying potential targets involved in uveal melanoma apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the prospects for improving the systemic therapy of uveal melanoma using molecularly targeted agents that are currently in clinical use as well as agents being tested in clinical trials. Preclinical studies suggest potential benefit of inhibitors of Bcl-2, ubiquitin-proteasome, histone deactylase, mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT pathways, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Modifiers of adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinase, and angiogenic factors also have demonstrated potential benefit. Clinical trials of some of these approaches have been initiated in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma as well as in the adjuvant setting after primary therapy.
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Abstract
The Multicolor Fluorescencein SituHybridization (mFISH) HomepageMulticolor fluorescencein situhybridization (mFISH) assays are essential for a precise description of chromosomal rearrangements. Routine application of such techniques on human chromosomes started in 1996 with the simultaneous use of all 24 human whole chromosome painting probes in multiplex-FISH (M-FISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY), even though the principle of mFISH was reported in 1989. Numerous approaches for chromosomal differentiation based on mFISH assays have been established, predominantly, to characterize marker chromosomes, but also in evolutionary biology, nuclear architecture, zoology and botany. The mFISH Homepage, which reviews all available literature at http://www.med. uni-jena.de/fish/mFISH/mFISHlit.htm will be introduced here.
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Gambrelle J, Labialle S, Dayan G, Gayet L, Barakat S, Grange JD, Baggetto LG. Données cytogénétiques actuelles : vers la monosomie du chromosme 3 comme principal facteur pronostique du mélanome uvéal. J Fr Ophtalmol 2004; 27:1061-7. [PMID: 15557871 DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(04)96265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most frequent intraocular cancer. The recent development of new technologies such as microsatellite analysis and comparative genomic hybridization have elucidated both the cytogenetics and the natural history of this disease. Fifty to 60% of uveal melanomas are linked to monosomy 3, which appears as an early and determinant event in tumor progression. Tumors with this anomaly have a very poor prognosis. Recent work suggests that this category of uveal melanomas represents a distinct pathological entity from that associated with normal disomy 3. Chromosome 6 aberrations probably make up a second entry point into the process of carcinogenesis, while gains in 8q seem to appear later in the natural history of uveal melanoma because of their higher frequency in larger tumors. Progress in genome analysis has identified regions in chromosomes 3, 6, and 8 as those most probably involved in tumorigenesis. It is to be hoped that this will soon lead to the discovery of the genes responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gambrelle
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR5086, CNRS UCBL, Lyon
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12
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Henegariu O, Heerema NA, Thurston V, Jung SH, Pera M, Vance GH. Characterization of gains, losses, and regional amplification in testicular germ cell tumor cell lines by comparative genomic hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 148:14-20. [PMID: 14697636 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have performed comparative genomic hybridization on 12 testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) cell lines and one paraffin-embedded surgical specimen to identify and characterize genome-wide gains and losses of chromosomes in these specimens. All specimens demonstrated overrepresentation of 12p. Other significant chromosomal gains, apart from 12p, included the X chromosome and chromosome arms 1q and 20q. Chromosomal losses were observed for chromosomes 4 and 18 and chromosome arms 2q, 9q, and 13q. Genomic differences were observed between an embryonal carcinoma component of a mixed tumor, 833K, and its cisplastin-resistant derivative line, 64CP, including losses of 6q23 approximately qter and 9p22 approximately q21. Five lines also demonstrated gain of 12p and additional 12p12 approximately p13 material. Similarly, two lines demonstrated gain of 12p and additional 12p11.2 approximately p12 material. The data supports the consistent gain of 12p in adult TGCT cell lines and additional regional amplification of 12p in some lines. This regional amplification has been observed in both primary tumor specimens and TGCT cell lines and may support a hypothesis that at least two different regions of 12p, one proximal and one distal, harbor genes important for the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Henegariu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Wells D, Levy B. Cytogenetics in reproductive medicine: the contribution of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Bioessays 2003; 25:289-300. [PMID: 12596234 DOI: 10.1002/bies.10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic research has had a major impact on the field of reproductive medicine, providing an insight into the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities that occur during gametogenesis, embryonic development and pregnancy. In humans, aneuploidy has been found to be relatively common during fetal life, necessitating prenatal screening of high-risk pregnancies. Aneuploidy rates are higher still during the preimplantation stage of development. An increasing number of IVF laboratories have attempted to improve pregnancy rates by using preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to ensure that the embryos transferred to the mother are chromosomally normal. This paper reviews some of the techniques that are key to the detection of aneuploidy in reproductive samples including comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). CGH has provided an unparalleled insight into the nature of chromosome imbalance in human embryos and polar bodies. The clinical application of CGH for the purposes of PGD and the future extensions of the methodology, including DNA microarrays, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Wells
- The Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Science, St. Barnabas Medical Center, New Jersey 07052, USA.
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van Dijk M, Sprenger S, Rombout P, Marres H, Kaanders J, Jeuken J, Ruiter D. Distinct chromosomal aberrations in sinonasal mucosal melanoma as detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 36:151-8. [PMID: 12508243 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal mucosal melanomas are the most frequent mucosal melanomas and arise from melanocytes located in the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. The melanoma types, cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma, and mucosal melanoma, differ in etiology, geographic distribution, and clinical behavior. Genetic alterations have been previously studied in cutaneous and uveal melanomas but, to the best of our knowledge, not in mucosal melanomas. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed on 14 routinely processed sinonasal mucosal melanomas. Furthermore, ploidy analysis was performed on 11 tumors to provide complementary data on the DNA index. The CGH profiles of sinonasal mucosal melanomas show remarkably consistent alterations: chromosome arm 1q is gained in all tumors and gains of 6p and 8q are present in 93 and 57%, respectively. Comparison of CGH data with both the common variants of cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma revealed that sinonasal mucosal melanomas harbor a distinct pattern of chromosomal abnormalities. Ploidy analysis also showed that diploid tumors exhibit gains of 1q and alterations of chromosome 6 (3 of 3 cases tested), whereas clear-copy gains and high-copy gains were seen only in triploid and tetraploid tumors (6 of 8 cases tested). This indicates that alteration of chromosomes 1 and 6 may precede polyploidization and formation of clear-copy gains and high-copy gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcory van Dijk
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Pienkowska-Grela B, Grygalewicz B, Bregula U. Overrepresentation of the short arm of chromosome 12 in seminoma and nonseminoma groups of testicular germ cell tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 134:102-8. [PMID: 12034520 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of the short arm of the chromosome 12, especially as the i(12p) marker chromosome, has been found to be a highly nonrandom chromosome abnormality associated with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). A series of adult TGCT consisting of seven seminomas (SE) and eight nonseminomas (NS) was analyzed by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Multiplied chromosome 12 material originating from typical i(12p) and from other markers carrying chromosome 12-derived material was found in almost all analyzed tumors (6 of 7 SE cases and 8 of 8 NS cases). Heterogeneity in the copy number of i(12p) and other 12p-derived markers, as well as chromosome 12 aneuploidy, were higher in NS tumors than in SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pienkowska-Grela
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 5 K.W. Roentgen Str, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
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Sargent LM, Nelson MA, Lowry DT, Senft JR, Jefferson AM, Ariza ME, Reynolds SH. Detection of three novel translocations and specific common chromosomal break sites in malignant melanoma by spectral karyotyping. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:18-25. [PMID: 11477657 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations in malignant melanoma cells have been reported using standard chromosome banding analysis and comparative genomic hybridization. To identify marker chromosomes and translocations that are difficult to characterize by standard banding analysis, 15 early passage malignant melanoma cell lines were examined using spectral karyotyping. All 15 tumor cell lines had lost all or part of 1p and 10q. Losses of material on chromosome arms 4p (12/15), 6q (12/15), 9p (15/15), 12p (13/15), 12q (13/15), 13q (11/15), and 19q (14/15) were the next most frequent events. Gain of chromosome arms 1q (11/15), 6p (13/15), and 20q11 (14/15) was also observed. Interestingly, we identified translocations der(12)t(12;20)(q15;q11), der(19)t(10;19)(q23;q13), and der(12)t(12;19)(q13;q13) in 4/15 tumors. Three recurring translocations involving four of the most frequent break points were detected. The identification of recurring translocations and unique chromosome break points in melanoma will aid in the identification of the genes that are important in the neoplastic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sargent
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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Naus NC, van Drunen E, de Klein A, Luyten GP, Paridaens DA, Alers JC, Ksander BR, Beverloo HB, Slater RM. Characterization of complex chromosomal abnormalities in uveal melanoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization, spectral karyotyping, and comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::aid-gcc1088>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of skin cancer has been rising since the 1950s. About 75% of skin cancer-associated deaths are caused by malignant melanoma. Nodular malignant melanoma accounts for 20% of melanocytic malignant tumors and is associated with a relatively poor prognosis. Extensive research has been undertaken, but a molecular marker that can predict a more aggressive course of melanoma still has not been found. METHODS The authors applied cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques to a case of nodular malignant melanoma. They used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to identify chromosomal regions affected by genomic changes and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on touch preparations of the tissue to elucidate the CGH findings further. To investigate the functionality of the affected c-MYC gene, the authors detected its transcript via reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS CGH revealed a copy number gain in the 6p and 8q24-8qter region. FISH with c-MYC and centromere eight specific probes revealed that the tumor, in contrast to unaffected skin, was characterized by a gain in copy numbers of the c-MYC gene. The c-MYC gene transcript was detected at higher levels in the tumor than in the tissue taken from the safety margin. CONCLUSIONS The WAF1 gene located on chromosome 6p, which in this case had a copy number gain, might be involved in melanoma pathogenesis. The authors suggest that the c-MYC gene plays an important role in melanoma development and progression. The c-MYC gene seems to be affected by gaining functional copies, leading to a change in the normally regulated gene-dose effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Greulich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Pellestor F, Andréo B, Coullin P. Interphasic analysis of aneuploidy in cancer cell lines using primed in situ labeling. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 111:111-8. [PMID: 10347546 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The primed in situ (PRINS) labeling technique has been adapted to chromosomal screening of interphasic tumoral cells. A panel of ten chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA primers was used to evaluate numerical chromosome abnormalities in two colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29) and in three of their subpopulations (PF11, TC7, and HT29-MTX). In each cell line, the copy number distribution for different chromosomes showed different patterns. The observation of significant variations in the chromosome constitutions between subpopulations derived from the same original tumor suggests the common occurrence of chromosome copy number heterogeneity in tumoral cell lines. This study demonstrates that the PRINS procedure offers a simple and reliable method for in situ chromosomal screening, which could be efficiently used for karyotypic analysis of tumoral cells.
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