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Kun EHS, Tsang YTM, Lin S, Pan S, Medapalli T, Malpica A, Richards JS, Gershenson DM, Wong KK. Differences in gynecologic tumor development in Amhr2-Cre mice with KRAS G12D or KRAS G12V mutations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20678. [PMID: 33244099 PMCID: PMC7693266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How different KRAS variants impact tumor initiation and progression in vivo has not been thoroughly examined. We hypothesize that the ability of either KRASG12D or KRASG12V mutations to initiate tumor formation is context dependent. Amhr2-Cre mice express Cre recombinase in tissues that develop into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries. We used these mice to conditionally express either the KRASG12V/+or KRASG12D/+ mutation. Mice with the genotype Amhr2-Cre Pten(fl/fl) KrasG12D/+(G12D mice) had abnormal follicle structures and developed low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas with 100% penetrance within 18 weeks. In contrast, mice with the genotype Amhr2-Cre Pten(fl/fl) KrasG12V/+ (G12V mice) had normal follicle structures, and about 90% of them developed uterine tumors with diverse histological features resembling those of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Granulosa cell tumors also developed in G12V mice. Differences in cell-signaling pathways in the uterine tissues of G12D and G12V mice were identified using RNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein array analyses. We found that CTNNB1, IL1A, IL1B, TNF, TGFB1, APP, and IL6 had the higher activity in G12V mice than in G12D mice. These mouse models will be useful for studying the differences in signaling pathways driven by KrasG12V/+ or KrasG12D/+ mutations to aid development of targeted therapies for specific KRAS mutant variants. Our leiomyoma model driven by the KrasG12V/+ mutation will also be useful in deciphering the malignant progression from leiomyoma to leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eucharist H S Kun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Unit 1362, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yvonne T M Tsang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Unit 1362, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sophia Lin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Unit 1362, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sophia Pan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Unit 1362, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tejas Medapalli
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Unit 1362, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anais Malpica
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David M Gershenson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Unit 1362, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Unit 1362, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Impact of Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry on Research 1981–2017: Roswell Park Experience. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-018-0207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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A Patient With a Noninvasive Mucinous Ovarian Borderline Tumor Presenting With Late Pleural Metastases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2015; 34:143-50. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prediction of BRCA1 germline mutation status in women with ovarian cancer using morphology-based criteria: identification of a BRCA1 ovarian cancer phenotype. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:1170-7. [PMID: 22790858 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31825d9b8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Specific morphologic features that may predict BRCA1 germline mutation in ovarian cancer have neither been well described nor independently tested. We identified 5 morphologic features associated with BRCA1 mutation status in a series of 20 ovarian cancers from BRCA1 mutation carriers: (1) modified Nottingham grade 3; (2) serous/undifferentiated histology; (3) prominent intraepithelial lymphocytes; (4) marked nuclear atypia with giant/bizarre forms; and (5) abundant mitotic figures. These morphologic features were then tested on 325 ovarian tumors drawn from a population-based Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry and classified into 3 categories independent of the BRCA1 status: "Compatible with BRCA1," "Possibly compatible with BRCA1," and "Not compatible with BRCA1." All "Compatible with BRCA1" tumors were additionally investigated for presence of dominant adnexal mass, fallopian tube mucosal involvement, and uterine cornu involvement. The positive and negative predictive values for "Compatible with BRCA1" were 11/42 (26.2%) and 267/283 (94.3%), respectively, whereas combining the "Compatible with BRCA1" and "Possibly compatible with BRCA1" had positive and negative predictive values of 18/85 (21.2%) and 231/240 (96.3%), respectively. Although dominant adnexal mass and uterine cornu involvement did not add further predictive value, the likelihood of BRCA1 positivity increased to 42.9% when a tumor with "Compatible with BRCA1" histology was also associated with fallopian tube mucosal involvement. The combination of modified Nottingham grade 3 serous or undifferentiated histology, prominent intraepithelial lymphocytes, marked nuclear atypia with giant/bizarre nuclei, and high mitotic index should help to identify women for BRCA1 mutational analysis in the appropriate clinical setting. Ovarian tumors lacking this specific phenotype are unlikely to be associated with BRCA1 and should not undergo mutational analysis in the absence of other indications.
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Keshavarzi F, Javadi GR, Zeinali S. BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in 85 Iranian breast cancer patients. Fam Cancer 2012; 11:57-67. [PMID: 21918854 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-011-9477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Iranian women (Mousavi et al in Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 9(2):275-278, 2008). Genetic predisposition accounts for 15% of all breast cancers and germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for a substantial proportion of high-risk breast and breast/ovarian cancer families (Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer in Lancet 350:1047-1059, 1997; Lee et al in Int Nurs Rev 55:355-359, 2008; Hulka and Stark in Lancet 346:883-887, 1995; Kelsey in Epidemiol Rev 15:256-263, 1993; Tischer et al in J Biol Chem 266:11947-11954, 1991; Newman et al in: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:3044-3048, 1988). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate mutations of BRCA1/2 in high risk Iranian families. We screened 85 patients who met our minimal criteria. The entire coding sequences and each intron/exon boundaries of BRCA1/2 genes were screened by direct sequencing. In the present study, we could detect the novel following mutations: p.Glu1735 p.Gly1140Ser, p.Ile26Val, p.Leu1418X, p.Glu23Gln, p.Leu3X, p.Asn1403His, p.Lys581X, p.Pro938Arg, p.Thr77Arg, p.Arg7Cys, p.Ser177Thr, IVS7+83(TT), IVS8-70(-CATT), IVS2+9(-GC), IVS1-20(-GA), IVS1-8(-AG), IVS2+24(AG), IVS5-8 (A-G), IVS2(35-39)TTcctatGAT in BRCA1 and p.Glu1391Gly, 1994_1995 (Ins A), IVS6-70-T>G in BRCA2. In agreement with findings in other populations, we found that family history is a good predictor of being a mutation carrier. Five pathogenic BRCA1 mutations and one pathogenic BRCA2 mutation were detected in 85 index cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarzi
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Estep AL, Palmer C, McCormick F, Rauen KA. Mutation analysis of BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2 in 15 ovarian cancer cell lines: implications for therapy. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1279. [PMID: 18060073 PMCID: PMC2093994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among gynecologic cancers, ovarian cancer is the second most common and has the highest death rate. Cancer is a genetic disorder and arises due to the accumulation of somatic mutations in critical genes. An understanding of the genetic basis of ovarian cancer has implications both for early detection and for therapeutic intervention in this population of patients. Methodology/Principal Findings Fifteen ovarian cancer cell lines, commonly used for in vitro experiments, were screened for mutations using bidirectional direct sequencing in all coding regions of BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2. BRAF mutations were identified in four of the fifteen ovarian cancer cell lines studied. Together, these four cell lines contained four different BRAF mutations, two of which were novel. ES-2 had the common B-Raf p.V600E mutation in exon 15 and Hey contained an exon 11 missense mutation, p.G464E. The two novel B-Raf mutants identified were a 5 amino acid heterozygous deletion p.N486-P490del in OV90, and an exon 4 missense substitution p.Q201H in OVCAR 10. One of the cell lines, ES-2, contained a mutation in MEK1, specifically, a novel heterozygous missense substitution, p.D67N which resulted from a nt 199 G→A transition. None of the cell lines contained coding region mutations in MEK2. Functional characterization of the MEK1 mutant p.D67N by transient transfection with subsequent Western blot analysis demonstrated increased ERK phosphorylation as compared to controls. Conclusions/Significance In this study, we report novel BRAF mutations in exon 4 and exon 12 and also report the first mutation in MEK1 associated with human cancer. Functional data indicate the MEK1 mutation may confer alteration of activation through the MAPK pathway. The significance of these findings is that BRAF and MEK1/2 mutations may be more common than anticipated in ovarian cancer which could have important implications for treatment of patients with this disease and suggests potential new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Estep
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chana Palmer
- Canary Foundation, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Frank McCormick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Rauen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Wojnarowicz PM, Breznan A, Arcand SL, Filali-Mouhim A, Provencher DM, Mes-Masson AM, Tonin PN. Construction of a chromosome 17 transcriptome in serous ovarian cancer identifies differentially expressed genes. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:963-75. [PMID: 18028382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and functional analyses have implicated chromosome 17 genes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To further characterize the contribution of chromosome 17 genes in EOC, the Affymetrix U133A GeneChip was used to perform transcriptome analyses of 15 primary cultures of normal ovarian surface epithelial (NOSE) cells and 17 malignant ovarian tumor (TOV) samples of the serous histopathologic subtype. A two-way comparative analysis of 776 known genes and expressed sequences identified 253 genes that exhibited at least a threefold difference in expression in at least one TOV sample compared to the mean of NOSE samples. Within this data set, 99 of the 253 (39.1%) genes exhibited similar patterns of expression across all tested samples, suggesting a high degree of concordance in the chromosome 17 transcriptome. This observation was supported by hierarchical clustering analysis that segregated the TOV and NOSE samples into two separate groups. There were 77 genes that were differentially expressed in at least 50% of the TOV samples. Five genes (AdoRA(2B)at 17p12, CCL2 at 17q12, ACLY at 17q21.2, WIPI1 at 17q24.2, and SLC16A3 at 17q25.3) were significantly (P < 5.13E-11) differentially expressed at least threefold in all serous TOV samples, and all five genes were underexpressed in these TOV samples as compared to the NOSE samples. Interestingly, several of these differentially expressed genes have been previously associated with response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Wojnarowicz
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Ludwig AH, Kraszewska E, Kupryjańczyk J. Geographical Variations in TP53
Mutational Spectrum in Ovarian Carcinomas. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 70:594-604. [PMID: 16907706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The TP53 gene mutational spectrum in human tumours shows variations related to tissue of origin, carcinogen exposure or molecular background. We have compared TP53 mutations in ovarian carcinomas from different geographical regions; this study was based on data extracted and verified from the IARC database (R10, 2005), and on our results from 127 carcinomas. In total 873 mutations were evaluated. Tumours from Japan and Korea had a higher frequency of exon 7 mutations (38%vs 25%, p = 0.011) and lower frequency of exon 8 mutations (11%vs 29%, p = 0.0003) than those from Western countries; they were particularly different from Norwegian tumours which showed the lowest proportion of exon 7 (19%, p = 0.001) and highest proportion of exon 8 (37%, p < 0.0001) mutations. There were also differences in the profile of TP53 hotspots. The third hotspot in tumours from Poland was amino acid (AA) 176 (8.2% of substitutions vs 1.7% in other countries, p < 0.001), while in tumours from the UK it was AA 220 (8.9%vs 2.3%, p < 0.001). Codon 273 was the only apparent hotspot in the Norwegian tumours, while it was rarely mutated in Polish and Asian tumours. In contrast to other data tumours from Norway presented with 273(HIS) codon (82% of mutations at AA 273, p = 0.002), while tumours from the UK shared the 273(CYS) codon (80%, p < 0.001). Further analysis of TP53 gene mutations in ovarian cancer by geography could provide greater insights.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Codon/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Genetic Variation
- Geography
- Humans
- Mutation/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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Lee JS, John EM, McGuire V, Felberg A, Ostrow KL, DiCioccio RA, Li FP, Miron A, West DW, Whittemore AS. Breast and ovarian cancer in relatives of cancer patients, with and without BRCA mutations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:359-63. [PMID: 16492929 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-degree relatives of patients with breast or ovarian cancer have increased risks for these cancers. Little is known about how their risks vary with the patient's cancer site, carrier status for predisposing genetic mutations, or age at cancer diagnosis. METHODS We evaluated breast and ovarian cancer incidence in 2,935 female first-degree relatives of non-Hispanic White female patients with incident invasive cancers of the breast (n = 669) or ovary (n = 339) who were recruited from a population-based cancer registry in northern California. Breast cancer patients were tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Ovarian cancer patients were tested for BRCA1 mutations. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for breast and ovarian cancer among the relatives according to the patient's mutation status, cancer site, and age at cancer diagnosis. RESULTS In families of patients who were negative or untested for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, risks were elevated only for the patient's cancer site. The breast cancer SIR was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2-1.8) for relatives of breast cancer patients, compared with 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8-1.6) for relatives of ovarian cancer patients (P = 0.12 for difference by patient's cancer site). The ovarian cancer SIR was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.5-1.4) for relatives of breast cancer patients, compared with 1.9 (95% CI, 1.0-4.0) for relatives of ovarian cancer patients (P = 0.04 for difference by site). In families of BRCA1-positive patients, relatives' risks also correlated with the patient's cancer site. The breast cancer SIR was 10.6 (95% CI, 5.2-21.6) for relatives of breast cancer patients, compared with 3.3 (95% CI, 1.4-7.3) for relatives of ovarian cancer patients (two-sided P = 0.02 for difference by site). The ovarian cancer SIR was 7.9 (95% CI, 1.2-53.0) for relatives of breast cancer patients, compared with 11.3 (3.6-35.9) for relatives of ovarian cancer patients (two-sided P = 0.37 for difference by site). Relatives' risks were independent of patients' ages at diagnosis, with one exception: In families ascertained through a breast cancer patient without BRCA mutations, breast cancer risks were higher if the patient had been diagnosed before age 40 years. CONCLUSION In families of patients with and without BRCA1 mutations, breast and ovarian cancer risks correlate with the patient's cancer site. Moreover, in families of breast cancer patients without BRCA mutations, breast cancer risk depends on the patient's age at diagnosis. These patterns support the presence of genes that modify risk specific to cancer site, in both carriers and noncarriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Lee
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, HRP Redwood Building, Stanford, California 94305-5405, USA.
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Quirk JT, Kupinski JM, DiCioccio RA. Analysis of ovarian tumors for the presence of human papillomavirus DNA. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2006; 32:202-5. [PMID: 16594925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in ovarian tumorigenesis is uncertain. The objective of this study was to screen a collection of ovarian tumors for the presence of high-risk oncogenic HPV types 16, 18 and 33. METHODS Twenty benign and malignant ovarian tumors were obtained from women undergoing pelvic surgery at a regional comprehensive cancer institution in North America. DNA was isolated from the snap-frozen tumors, and commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection sets were used to analyze the tumor DNA samples for the presence of DNA from HPV types 16, 18 and 33. RESULTS The DNA from HPV types 16, 18 and 33 was not detected in any of the ovarian tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between infection with HPV types 16, 18 and 33 and ovarian neoplasia in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Quirk
- Department of Biology, State University of New York - Jamestown Community College, Jamestown, New York 14702, USA.
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Kringen P, Wang Y, Dumeaux V, Nesland JM, Kristensen G, Borresen-Dale AL, Dorum A. TP53 mutations in ovarian carcinomas from sporadic cases and carriers of two distinct BRCA1 founder mutations; relation to age at diagnosis and survival. BMC Cancer 2005; 5:134. [PMID: 16229746 PMCID: PMC1276789 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinomas from 30 BRCA1 germ-line carriers of two distinct high penetrant founder mutations, 20 carrying the 1675delA and 10 the 1135insA, and 100 sporadic cases were characterized for somatic mutations in the TP53 gene. We analyzed differences in relation to BRCA1 germline status, TP53 status, survival and age at diagnosis, as previous studies have not been conclusive. METHODS DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded formalin fixed tissues for the familial cases, and from fresh frozen specimen from the sporadic cases. All cases were treated at our hospital according to protocol. Mutation analyses of exon 2-11 were performed using TTGE, followed by sequencing. RESULTS Survival rates for BRCA1-familial cases with TP53 mutations were not significantly lower than for familial cases without TP53 mutations (p = 0.25, RR = 1.64, 95% CI [0.71-3.78]). Median age at diagnosis for sporadic (59 years) and familial (49 years) cases differed significantly (p < 0.001) with or without TP53 mutations. Age at diagnosis between the two types of familial carriers were not significantly different, with median age of 47 for 1675delA and 52.5 for 1135insA carriers (p = 0.245). For cases > or = 50 years at diagnosis, a trend toward longer survival for sporadic over familial cases was observed (p = 0.08). The opposite trend was observed for cases < 50 years at diagnosis. CONCLUSION There do not seem to be a protective advantage for familial BRCA1 carriers without TP53 mutations over familial cases with TP53 mutations. However, there seem to be a trend towards initial advantage in survival for familial cases compared to sporadic cases diagnosed before the age of 50 both with and without TP53 mutations. However, this trend diminishes over time and for cases diagnosed > or = 50 years the sporadic cases show a trend towards an advantage in survival over familial cases. Although this data set is small, if confirmed, this may be a link in the evidence that the differences in ovarian cancer survival reported, are not due to the type of BRCA1 mutation, but may be secondary to genetic factors shared. This may have clinical implications for follow-up such as prophylactic surgery within carriers of the two most frequent Norwegian BRCA1 founder mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Kringen
- Department of Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa Dumeaux
- Department of Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø
| | - Jahn M Nesland
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kristensen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Dorum
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
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Ostrow KL, McGuire V, Whittemore AS, DiCioccio RA. The effects of BRCA1 missense variants V1804D and M1628T on transcriptional activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 153:177-80. [PMID: 15350310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Revised: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many families with multiple cases of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or both segregate inherited mutations in one allele of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1. Genetic testing is used to assess cancer risk; however, testing can detect missense DNA alterations, called unclassified variants, of unknown functional and biological significance with uncertain risk implications. Some missense variants at the transcriptional activation domain of BRCA1 of cancer patients inactivate transcriptional activity of BRCA1, providing evidence that they are deleterious. We identified the variants V1804D and M1628T at the transcriptional activation domain of BRCA1 of two ovarian cancer patients without a family history of ovarian or breast cancer. To test if these residues are critical for transcriptional activation, we created V1804D and M1628T independently in BRCA1 cDNA via site-directed mutagenesis in a mammalian expression vector, pcDNA3.1. Wild-type, mutant, and empty vector constructs were tested in human kidney 293 cells using a p53-responsive luciferase reporter. M1628T had the same transcriptional activity as wild-type BRCA1 but V1804D and the empty vector control showed a 60% reduction. This indicates that V1804D is deleterious but M1628T is not.
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Whittemore AS, Gong G, John EM, McGuire V, Li FP, Ostrow KL, DiCioccio R, Felberg A, West DW. Prevalence of BRCA1 Mutation Carriers among U.S. Non-Hispanic Whites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.2078.13.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Data from several countries indicate that 1% to 2% of Ashkenazi Jews carry a pathogenic ancestral mutation of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1. However, the prevalence of BRCA1 mutations among non-Ashkenazi Whites is uncertain. We estimated mutation carrier prevalence in U.S. non-Hispanic Whites, specific for Ashkenazi status, using data from two population-based series of San Francisco Bay Area patients with invasive cancers of the breast or ovary, and data on breast and ovarian cancer risks in Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi carriers. Assuming that 90% of the BRCA1 mutations were detected, we estimate a carrier prevalence of 0.24% (95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.39%) in non-Ashkenazi Whites, and 1.2% (95% confidence interval, 0.5-2.6%) in Ashkenazim. When combined with U.S. White census counts, these prevalence estimates suggest that approximately 550,513 U.S. Whites (506,206 non-Ashkenazim and 44,307 Ashkenazim) carry germ line BRCA1 mutations. These estimates may be useful in guiding resource allocation for genetic testing and genetic counseling and in planning preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S. Whittemore
- 1Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gail Gong
- 1Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Esther M. John
- 2Northern California Cancer Center, Union City, California
| | - Valerie McGuire
- 1Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Kimberly L. Ostrow
- 4Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Richard DiCioccio
- 4Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anna Felberg
- 1Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dee W. West
- 2Northern California Cancer Center, Union City, California
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Kmet LM, Cook LS, Magliocco AM. A review of p53 expression and mutation in human benign, low malignant potential, and invasive epithelial ovarian tumors. Cancer 2003; 97:389-404. [PMID: 12518363 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study, the authors present pooled data from studies that investigated p53 protein expression and/or mutation in human epithelial ovarian tumors. METHODS The English literature in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ingenta databases was searched to the end of the year 2000 to identify relevant studies. Data were pooled across eligible studies, and the prevalence of p53 expression and mutation among benign, low malignant potential (LMP), and invasive tumors was determined. Prevalence estimates by tumor histology, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and grade also were calculated. RESULTS The pooled prevalence estimate for p53 overexpression among epithelial ovarian carcinomas was 51% (95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 50-53%) compared with 17% (95% CI, 15-20%) among LMP tumors and 7% (95% CI, 5-10%) among benign tumors. p53 mutation prevalence estimates were 45% (95% CI, 42-47%), 5% (95% CI, 2-9%), and 1% (95% CI, 0-5%), respectively, for invasive, LMP, and benign tumors. The prevalence of these p53 abnormalities was found to be associated positively with increasing tumor grade and stage. Differences based on histologic subtype also were found. CONCLUSIONS Although these pooled estimates might appear to offer support for various hypotheses regarding the role of p53 in ovarian carcinoma, the limitations inherent in these data hamper the interpretation of the significance of any of the findings. Future studies will require innovative methods to address the limitations of many previous investigations and more comprehensive investigation into defective tumor suppression mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Kmet
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Quirk JT, Kupinski JM, DiCioccio RA. Detection of Mycoplasma ribosomal DNA sequences in ovarian tumors by nested PCR. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 83:560-2. [PMID: 11733972 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the reported association between mycoplasma infection and ovarian cancer by screening ovarian tumor tissues for the presence of mycoplasma DNA. METHODS Forty-six benign and malignant ovarian tumors were obtained from patients undergoing pelvic surgery at a regional cancer center. DNA was isolated from snap-frozen tumor tissues, and commercial nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits were used to detect the presence of 12 species of mycoplasma in tumor DNA samples. PCR products were isolated from ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels, and sequenced with an automated DNA sequencer. Species were identified through nucleotide sequence similarity searches using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST program. RESULTS Mycoplasma DNA was detected in 6 (13.0%) of the 46 tumor DNA samples. Nucleotide sequence similarity searches of nested PCR products revealed that one Mycoplasma salivarium and five M. arginini DNA sequences were amplified from the ovarian tissues. CONCLUSIONS Since M. salivarium and M. arginini are frequently encountered laboratory contaminants that do not have a recognized role as human pathogens, our findings do not support an association between human mycoplasma pathogens and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Quirk
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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Laskie Ostrow K, DiCioccio RA, McGuire V, Whittemore AS. A BRCA1 variant, IVS23+1G-->A, causes abnormal RNA splicing by deleting exon 23. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 127:188-90. [PMID: 11428389 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gross E, Kiechle M, Arnold N. Mutation analysis of p53 in ovarian tumors by DHPLC. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 47:73-81. [PMID: 11179763 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(00)00153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, ovarian carcinomas represent a major health problem among female cancers because they are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy. A high proportion of these tumors selects for mutations in the p53 gene. There is evidence that inactivation of the p53 protein could indicate poor prognosis and chemoresistance of patients. To set up a fast and sensitive test for p53 defects in tumor tissues, we analyzed ovarian cancer cells by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). A primer set spanning the whole coding region of p53 with seven fragments was designed and appropriate heteroduplex detection in DHPLC analysis was elaborated. The analysis of 45 ovarian tumor specimens yielded 17 genetic alterations (38%) occurring exclusively in the malignant tissue of the patients. In addition, frequent polymorphisms present in normal compared to tumor tissue could serve as a tool for the rapid identification of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the tumor. We observed that LOH in intron 2 or 3 correlated well with a lack of one allele in mutated fragments. In conclusion, DHPLC screening appears to be a sensitive and effective test for genetic alterations in tumors with p53 involvement. Since p53 mutations point to a poor prognosis state in several cancers, a fast screening of tumor material for genetic variations may have implications for further individual treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gross
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Michaelisstr. 16, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
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Werness BA, Ramus SJ, Whittemore AS, Garlinghouse-Jones K, Oakley-Girvan I, DiCioccio RA, Tsukada Y, Ponder BA, Piver MS. Primary ovarian dysgerminoma in a patient with a germline BRCA1 mutation. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2000; 19:390-4. [PMID: 11109172 DOI: 10.1097/00004347-200010000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene are associated with increased risk for the development of ovarian cancer. All such cancers thus far reported have been of the epithelial histologic type. We identified an ovarian dysgerminoma in a 16-year-old woman (proband) with a family history of ovarian cancer during a review of histopathologic characteristics of ovarian cancers from women enrolled in the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry. Mutation analysis of DNA from this patient's peripheral blood leukocytes revealed a germline BRCA1 mutation (3312insG). The mutation was also present in the mother with breast cancer, a maternal aunt and a distant cousin with ovarian cancer, and a maternal grandfather and an uncle with skin cancer. The development of the proband's dysgerminoma may be unrelated to her germline BRCA1 mutation. Alternatively, such dysgerminomas may be caused by BRCA1 mutations, but occur so infrequently compared with epithelial cancers that they are seldom identified. Analysis of a larger series of ovarian germ cell tumors may resolve this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Werness
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Allen HJ, DiCioccio RA, Hohmann P, Piver MS, Tworek H. Microsatellite instability in ovarian and other pelvic carcinomas. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 117:163-6. [PMID: 10704691 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six cases of ovarian carcinoma and six cases of other pelvic neoplasms were analyzed for microsatellite instability (MSI) using frozen specimens, fluorescence technology, and four selected markers (D2S123 on chromosome 2, D18S58 on chromosome 18, BAT26 on chromosome 2, and BAT40 on chromosome 1). This procedure also allowed the detection of loss of heterogeneity (LOH) at the four selected loci. One of the cases of ovarian carcinoma exhibited MSI and this was evident at three loci. Of 44 informative loci, 7 exhibited LOH representing 3 cases of ovarian carcinoma, 3 of 4 cases of primary peritoneal carcinoma, and one case of unknown primary. These data support other findings that MSI is not a frequent occurrence in ovarian cancer; however, LOH is a more frequent event and may be a target for the development of diagnostic/prognostic procedures for ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Allen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Fetzer S, Tworek HA, Piver MS, DiCioccio RA. Classification of IVS1-10T-->C as a polymorphism of BRCA1. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 113:58-64. [PMID: 10459348 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations inactivating the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 may be responsible for disease for up to 80% of familial ovarian cancer cases. In this syndrome, tumorigenesis classically initiates from an inherited mutation in one allele followed by somatic deletion of the normal allele. Sequencing of BRCA1 amplified from genomic DNA of lymphocytes and microdissected ovarian tumor cells of a familial ovarian cancer patient revealed three, rare heterozygous DNA variations (2418delA, 233G-->A, and IVS1-10T-->C) in both tumor and constitutional (lymphocyte) DNA. Thus, both copies of BRCA1 were retained in tumor. Haplotype analysis of the patient and four siblings assigned 2418delA to one copy of BRCA1 and 233G-->A and IVS1-10T-->C to the other. The DNA change, 2418delA, is considered a mutation that inactivated one BRCA1 allele because it caused a frameshift and generation of a premature stop codon, resulting in synthesis of a truncated peptide as evidenced by an in vitro protein truncation test. The DNA variation, 233G-->A, does not result in an amino acid change, and is considered a benign polymorphism. IVS1-10T-->C is a unique BRCA1 change that occurs in the last nucleotide of a consensus sequence for a branch site critical for RNA splicing. Therefore, we investigated whether IVS1-10T-->C deleteriously affected BRCA1 splicing or expression, and thereby inactivated the other BRCA1 allele. Using the technique of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with RNA isolated from lymphoid cell lines of the patient and of controls, no evidence was found that IVS1-10TC abnormally disrupted mRNA splicing or caused the absence of BRCA1 mRNA. Thus, IVS1-10T-->C is not harmful to BRCA1 function, and is classified a benign polymorphism. Retention of the normal BRCA1 allele in the tumor with the heterozygous germline BRCA1 mutation, 2418delA, indicated that mutational inactivation of both BRCA1 alleles was not required for tumorigenesis. It is possible that the normal allele may be functionally inactivated by a nonmutational mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fetzer
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY 14263, USA
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