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De P, Mukhopadhyay MJ. Study of the Chromosomal Abnormalities and Associated Complex Karyotypes in Hematological Cancer in the Population of West Bengal: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Chromosomal instability is an important feature of hematological cancer. The pathogenesis is complex and it involves genetic and epigenetic factors. As a genetic factor, chromosomal instability may play a key role in leukemogenesis. Accumulation of genetic alteration is mainly responsible for numerical and structural chromosomal rearrangement or clonal evaluation. But disease progression is often driven by chromosomal translocation, hyper- or hypodiploidy with structural abnormalities, and complex karyotypes.
Objective This research aimed to study the different types of chromosomal abnormalities in clinically suspected hematological cancer patients.
Materials and Methods Cytogenetic analysis was performed based on phytohemaglutinin stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures and bone marrow culture, without mitogen, of the respective patients of West Bengal from March 2016 to February 2018. All clinically suspected hematological cancer patients referred for karyotyping to the institutional genetics department have been included without any biasness of sex and age. Karyotypes were described according to the International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN 2005).
Results In the present study, 56 clinically suspected hematological cancer cases were observed and 41 cases of chromosomal rearrangement were found which clearly show chromosomal instability as the main driving force for hematological cancer transformation. Presence of variant Philadelphia chromosomes with classical translocation, mosaic complex karyotypes, variable numerical, and structural chromosomal abnormality, along with severe-to-moderate hypo- and hyperdiploidy, and presence of marker chromosomes were the main findings of this study.
Conclusion The result shows that the detection of chromosomal instability was important for preliminary diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and further management. So the present study provided additional information about chromosomal instability in hematological cancer at Kolkata and adjoining regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspal De
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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2
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Nikolova D, Damyanova V, Hrischev V, Markova M, Mitev L, Asenova A, Radinov A, Toncheva D. Philadelphia-positive case negative for JAK2 V617F mutation with hyperdiploidic karyotype: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:607-611. [PMID: 31693726 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the most common hematological malignancies and accounts for 15-20% of all leukemia cases. The cytogenetic marker of CML is the presence of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) in >95% of patients. The current case reports a 83-year old woman who was directed to the genetic laboratory for a cytogenetic and molecular-genetic analysis suspected to be Ph positive [(+)]. Karyotype analysis of a bone marrow sample revealed a hyperdiploid karyotype in a part of Ph (+) cells with additional chromosomes 8, 10 and 12. Restriction analysis for V617F JAK2 mutation was negative, while the quantitative RT-qPCR assay indicated BCR-ABL/ABL transcript at the level of 120% International Scale (IS). Generally cytogenetic complexities are important in the prognostic evaluation of CML. Besides the Ph chromosome, a variet of chromosomal aberrations may be associated with CML. A total of 5-10% of these cases show complex translocations involving another chromosome. The current case is Ph(+) demonstrating an additional hyperdiploid karyotype clone with three additional autosomes (8, 10 and 12). This case highlights the significance of cytogenetic abnormalities on the prognosis of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragomira Nikolova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia. Ivan Rilski', 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.,Clinic of Hematology, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Damyanova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia. Ivan Rilski', 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.,Clinic of Hematology, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Hrischev
- Clinic of Hematology, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Markova
- Clinic of Hematology, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lubomir Mitev
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Immunology, Military Medical Academy, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aselina Asenova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Immunology, Military Medical Academy, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas Radinov
- Clinic of Hematology, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Medical University Sofia. Ivan Rilski', 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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3
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Asif M, Jamal MS, Khan AR, Naseer MI, Hussain A, Choudhry H, Malik A, Khan SA, Mahmoud MM, Ali A, Iram S, Kamran K, Iqbal A, Abduljaleel Z, Pushparaj PN, Rasool M. A Novel Four-Way Complex Variant Translocation Involving Chromosome 46,XY,t(4;9;19;22)(q25:q34;p13.3;q11.2) in a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patient. Front Oncol 2016; 6:124. [PMID: 27303656 PMCID: PMC4885335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome (9;22)(q34;q11) is well established in more than 90% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, and the remaining 5-8% of CML patients show variant and complex translocations, with the involvement of third, fourth, or fifth chromosome other than 9;22. However, in very rare cases, the fourth chromosome is involved. Here, we found a novel case of four-way Ph+ chromosome translocation involving 46,XY,t(4;9;19;22)(q25:q34;p13.3;q11.2) with CML in the chronic phase. Complete blood cell count of the CML patient was carried out to obtain total leukocytes count, hemoglobin, and platelets. Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was used for the identification of BCR-ABL fusion gene, and cytogenetic test for the confirmation of Ph (9;22)(q34;q11) and the mechanism of variant translocation in the bone marrow. The patient is successfully treated with a dose of 400 mg/day imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). We observed a significant decrease in white blood cell count of 11.7 × 10(9)/L after 48-month follow-up. Patient started feeling better generally. There was a reduction in the swelling of the body, fatigue, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan; Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rehman Khan
- Obesity and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir , Muzaffarabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) , Quetta , Pakistan
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Shahida Aziz Khan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt (Affiliation ID 60014618)
| | - Ashraf Ali
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Iram
- Bolan Medical Hospital , Quetta, Balochistan , Pakistan
| | - Kashif Kamran
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan , Quetta , Pakistan
| | - Asim Iqbal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan , Quetta , Pakistan
| | | | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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4
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Brahmbhatt MM, Trivedi PJ, Patel DM, Shukla SN, Patel PS. Location of the BCR/ABL Fusion Genes on Both Chromosomes 9 in Ph Negative Young CML Patients: An Indian Experience. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2014; 30:241-6. [PMID: 25435721 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-013-0316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR/ABL gene rearrangement is cytogenetically visualized in most chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases. About 5-10 % of CML patients lack its cytogenetic evidence, however, shows BCR/ABL fusion by molecular methods. We describe two CML patients with Philadelphia (Ph) negative (-ve) and BCR/ABL positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Both the cases were in chronic phase at diagnosis. Conventional cytogenetics and different FISH assays were adopted using BCR/ABL probes. Home-brew FISH assay using bacterial artificial clone (BAC) for BAC-CTA/bk 299D3 for chromosomal region 22q13.31-q13.32 was performed in case 1. Both the patients were Ph-ve. In first case, dual color dual fusion (DCDF)-FISH studies revealed 1 Red (R) 2 Green (G) 1 Fusion (F) signal pattern in 80 % of cells indicating BCR/ABL fusion signals on chromosomes 9 instead of Ph and 2G2F signal pattern in 20 % of cells indicating two BCR/ABL fusions on both chromosomes 9q34 on presentation. In second case, FISH studies revealed the 1R1G1F signal pattern indicating BCR/ABL fusion signals on chromosomes 9 instead of Ph in 100 % of cells at presentation. During follow-up, both the patients exhibited 2G2F signal pattern indicating two BCR/ABL fusions on both chromosomes 9q34, which indicated a clonal evolution in 100 % cells. Both the patients did not achieve therapeutic response. Relocation of BCR/ABL fusion sequence on sites other than 22q11 represents a rare type of variant Ph, the present study highlights the hot spots involved in CML pathogenesis and signifies their implications in Ph-ve BCR/ABL positive CML. This study demonstrated the genetic heterogeneity of this subgroup of CML and strongly emphasized the role of metaphase FISH, especially in Ph-ve CML cases, as it detects variations of the classical t(9;22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha M Brahmbhatt
- Cell Biology Division, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016 Gujarat India
| | - Pina J Trivedi
- Cell Biology Division, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016 Gujarat India
| | - Dharmesh M Patel
- Cell Biology Division, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016 Gujarat India
| | - Shilin N Shukla
- Medical Oncology Department, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016 India
| | - Prabhudas S Patel
- Cell Biology Division, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016 Gujarat India
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Bennour A, Ouahchi I, Ben Youssef Y, Zaier M, Laatiri MA, Harrabi I, Meddeb B, Elloumi M, Khelif A, Saad A, Sennana H. Molecular cytogenetic study of derivative chromosome 9 deletion in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1151-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Bennour A, Sennana H, Laatiri MA, Elloumi M, Khelif A, Saad A. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of variant Philadelphia translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia: genesis and deletion of derivative chromosome 9. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 194:30-7. [PMID: 19737651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the formation of variant Philadelphia (Ph) translocations that occur in 5-10% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are not fully characterized. Studies on the prognosis of these variant translocations have yielded conflicting results, especially regarding imatinib outcome and the status of deletions on the derivative chromosome 9. To shed light on these controversial subjects, we sought to analyze all variant translocation cases presented at diagnosis and identified in our institution between the years 2001 and 2008. Of 336 CML patients who presented at diagnosis and were studied by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 25 patients (7.44%) exhibited variant Ph-rearrangements. All chromosomes could be implicated in variant Ph rearrangements, with 32 breakpoints defined. Their distribution was located preferentially in the CG-richest regions of the genome. Deletions on der(9) were observed in 15 of the 25 cases (60%), a greater proportion in typical Ph translocations (12-15%). Both one- and two-step mechanisms were encountered in our series, as well as multiple-step mechanisms, which originate more complex rearrangements. Higher prevalence was observed for the two-step mechanism (56%). Proper assessment of the prognostic significance of variant translocations requires better categorization of these translocations based on their mechanisms of genesis and 9q34 deletion status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Bennour
- Cytogenetics Division, Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics, and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse 4000, Tunisia.
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7
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Richebourg S, Eclache V, Perot C, Portnoi MF, Van den Akker J, Terré C, Maareck O, Soenen V, Viguié F, Laï JL, Andrieux J, Corm S, Roche-Lestienne C. Mechanisms of genesis of variant translocation in chronic myeloid leukemia are not correlated with ABL1 or BCR deletion status or response to imatinib therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 182:95-102. [PMID: 18406870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
MESH Headings
- Benzamides
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr/genetics
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Richebourg
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, University Hospital Regional Center-CHRU, Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59037 Lille cedex, France
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8
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Gorusu M, Benn P, Li Z, Fang M. On the genesis and prognosis of variant translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 173:97-106. [PMID: 17321324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Variant translocations involving 9q, 22q, and at least one additional genomic locus occur in 5-10% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The mechanisms for the formation of these variant translocations are not fully characterized. Studies on the prognosis of these variant translocations revealed conflicting results. In addition, deletions in the derivative chromosome 9 are reportedly more frequent among variant translocation cases. We analyzed cytogenetic and FISH data from 22 CML patients with variant translocations tested at our laboratory. Deletions were observed in 6 of the 14 cases with FISH data available (43%), consistent with the literature and higher than in typical translocation cases (12-15%). Sequential changes of 9q deletions are possible and could be acquired as the disease progresses in addition to simultaneous formation of the Philadelphia chromosome with the deletion. Variant translocation CML patients with a deletion showed a worse cytogenetic response 1 year after therapy than those without a deletion (P < 0.05). Variant translocations may be formed by either a one-step or a two-step mechanism. Proper assessment of the prognostic significance of variant translocations requires better categorization of these translocations based on their mechanisms of genesis and the deletion status.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Models, Genetic
- Prognosis
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Gorusu
- Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, MC1614, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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9
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Karrman K, Sallerfors B, Lenhoff S, Fioretos T, Johansson B. Cytogenetic evolution patterns in CML post-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:165-71. [PMID: 17211433 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cytogenetic evolution patterns in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after allogeneic (allo) stem cell transplantation (SCT) are different from the ones observed in non-transplanted patients, a phenomenon suggested to be caused by the conditioning regime. We reviewed 131 CMLs displaying karyotypic evolution after SCT (122 allo, nine autologous (auto)), treated at Lund University Hospital or reported in the literature. Major route abnormalities (i.e., +8, +Ph, i(17q), +19, +21, +17 and -7) were seen in 14%, balanced aberrations in 61%, hyperdiploidy in 19%, pseudodiploidy in 79%, divergent clones in 14%, and Ph-negative clones in 21%. The breakpoints involved in secondary structural rearrangements clustered at 1q21, 1q32, 7q22, 9q34, 11q13, 11q23, 12q24, 13q14, 17q10 and 22q11. Cytogenetic abnormalities common in AML after genotoxic exposure, that is, der(1;7)(q10;p10), del(3p), -5, del(5q), -7, -17, der(17p), -18, and -21, were only rarely seen post-SCT. Comparing the cytogenetic features in relation to type of SCT revealed that balanced aberrations were significantly more common after allo than after auto SCT (64 and 22%, respectively, P=0.03). In addition, there was a trend as regards hyperdiploidy being more common after auto (P=0.07) and pseudodiploidy being more frequent after allo SCT (P=0.09). Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karrman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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10
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Mark HFL, Sokolic RA, Mark Y. Conventional cytogenetics and FISH in the detection of BCR/ABL fusion in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:1-7. [PMID: 16729999 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Cytogenetic Analysis/methods
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Fong L Mark
- Cytogenetics Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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11
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Phan TX, Hoang AV, Huynh VM, Nguyen KT, Nguyen TB, Huynh N, Pham QT, Tran VB, Tran VB, Tokunaga K, Sato Y. Unique secondary chromosomal abnormalities are frequently found in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia in southern Vietnam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 168:59-68. [PMID: 16772122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During the Vietnam War, southern Vietnam was exposed to a large amount of dioxin, a strong human carcinogen. Although we have observed much shorter survival in southern Vietnamese chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the cause remains to be clarified. Here, we report cytogenetic and molecular findings for 47 CML patients. Cytogenetically, the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome was found in 44 patients (93.6%); of the remaining 3 patients with Ph-negative CML, 2 exhibited BCR/ABL transcripts but no BCR/ABL FISH fusion signals, suggesting the existence of two clones, with and without the BCR/ABL fusion gene. Surprisingly, in 17 patients (36.2%) (4 at diagnosis, 11 during chronic phase, and 2 in accelerated phase), we found several unique secondary chromosome abnormalities including trisomy 13, partial trisomy 13, and abnormalities of 1p, 3p, 6p, 7p, 10p, and 11p, which are different from the so-called additional chromosome abnormalities (extra Ph, +8, i(17q), +19, and +21) observed in blastic phase CML. FISH analysis revealed the Ph translocation with der(9) deletion in 11 patients (23.4%). Of these, 2 had two clones, with and without der(9) deletion, suggesting that der(9) deletion would occur in a subset of patients during disease progression. These observations point to preexisting genetic instability that induces various secondary chromosome abnormalities and multiple clones, resulting in shorter survival.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Trisomy/genetics
- Vietnam
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xinh Phan
- Division of Ultrafine Structure, Department of Pathology, Research Institute of International Medical Center of Japan, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0052, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Hosoya N, Sanada M, Nannya Y, Nakazaki K, Wang L, Hangaishi A, Kurokawa M, Chiba S, Ogawa S. Genomewide screening of DNA copy number changes in chronic myelogenous leukemia with the use of high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:482-94. [PMID: 16425296 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) evolves from an indolent chronic phase (CP) characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome. Without effective therapy, it progresses to an accelerated phase (AP) and eventually to a fatal blast crisis (BC). To identify the genes involved in stage progression in CML, we performed a genomewide screening of DNA copy number changes in a total of 55 CML patients in different stages with the use of the high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) technique. We constructed Human 1M arrays that contained 3,151 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNAs, allowing for an average resolution of 1.0 Mb across the entire genome. In addition to common chromosomal abnormalities, array CGH analysis unveiled a number of novel copy number changes. These alterations included losses in 2q26.2-q37.3, 5q23.1-q23.3, 5q31.2-q32, 7p21.3-p11.2, 7q31.1-q31.33, 8pter-p12(p11.2), 9p, and 22q13.1-q13.31 and gains in 3q26.2-q29, 6p22.3, 7p15.2-p14.3, 8p12, 8p21.3, 8p23.2, 8q24.13-q24.21, 9q, 19p13.2-p12, and 22q13.1-q13.32 and occurred at a higher frequency in AP and BC. Minimal copy number changes affecting even a single BAC locus were also identified. Our data suggests that at least a proportion of CML patients carry still-unknown cryptic genomic alterations that could affect a gene or genes of importance in the disease progression of CML. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045-2257/suppmat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hosoya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo,Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Costa D, Carrió A, Madrigal I, Arias A, Valera A, Colomer D, Aguilar JL, Teixido M, Camós M, Cervantes F, Campo E. Studies of complex Ph translocations in cases with chronic myelogenous leukemia and one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 166:89-93. [PMID: 16616117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The BCR/ABL gene fusion, the hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is generated in 2-10% of patients by a variant Ph translocation involving 9q34, 22q11.2, and one or more additional genomic regions. The objective of this study was the characterization by conventional and molecular cytogenetics of complex variant Ph translocations present at diagnosis. FISH studies were performed in 7 cases using the LSI BCR/ABL ES probe allowing the detection of the fusion BCR/ABL gene on the Ph chromosome in all of them and 9q34 deletions in 2 cases. Three cryptic complex rearrangements were detected by FISH studies. The third and the fourth chromosome regions involved in the 8 complex variant translocations were: 1q21, 1p36, 5q31, 11q13, 12q13, 12p13, and 20q12. In conclusion, FISH studies have been useful in the detection of the BCR/ABL rearrangements and 9q34 deletions, and to identify complex rearrangements that differ from the ones previously established by conventional cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Costa
- Hematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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14
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Daly K, Nandula SV, Murty VV, Nichols G. Variant translocation with a deletion of derivative (9q) in a case of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph +) essential thrombocythemia (ET), a variant of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with a poor prognosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 46:1801-6. [PMID: 16263584 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500236890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients presenting with thrombocytosis require thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation to determine whether they suffer from essential thrombocythemia or another myeloproliferative disorder. This distinction becomes increasingly relevant as targeted agents become available to treat specific myeloproliferative diseases. Cytogenetic testing plays a major role in this analysis. This study presents a patient with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph + ) thrombocytosis and a cryptic der(9q)t(5;9)t(9;22) not found by conventional cytogenetics, whose disease progressed within 2 years to typical myeloblastic crisis of CML. It discusses the entity of Ph + ET, the utility of molecular cytogenetic testing in the diagnosis of this unusual disease entity and the importance of cytogenetic testing in the prognosis of ET.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Metaphase
- Prognosis
- Thrombocytosis/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daly
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
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15
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Morel F, Herry A, Le Bris MJ, Morice P, Bouquard P, Abgrall JF, Berthou C, De Braekeleer M. Contribution of fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses to the characterization of masked and complex Philadelphia chromosome translocations in chronic myelocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 147:115-20. [PMID: 14623460 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow samples from 112 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia were investigated using cytogenetic methods. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole-chromosome paints and BCR-ABL probes was used to confirm and/or complete the banding findings when a variant or a masked Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) translocation was found. Eight variant Ph translocations were identified. Three-way Ph translocations were found in seven patients. Chromosome 4 was involved in two of these cases and chromosomes 3, 11, 14, 17, and 16 in one case each; in the patient with chromosome 16 involvement, a ring of the translocated chromosome 9 was identified, that is r(9)t(9;16;22). The eighth patient had a five-way Ph translocation: t(2;9;16;22;22). The BCR-ABL fusion gene was detected on the Ph chromosome in all eight cases; two cases presented also a deletion of the 5' ABL region on the derivative chromosome 9. In the five-way translocation, the 3' DNA sequence of the ABL oncogene was fused with the 5' DNA sequence of the BCR gene on the Ph chromosome and the 5' end of ABL was inserted into the other chromosome 22. A masked Ph chromosome was identified in one of the 112 patients; it involved the insertion of the 3' ABL into BCR on an apparently normal chromosome 22, resulting in the BCR-ABL fusion gene. In conclusion, FISH analyses allowed not only a more accurate characterization of complex Ph translocations with subtle abnormalities and the identification of cryptic rearrangements, but also the recognition of deletion of the 5' ABL region, which could carry with it a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morel
- Service de Cytogénétique, Cytologie et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU Morvan, Brest, France
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16
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17
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Naumann S, Decker HJ. Genesis of variant philadelphia chromosome translocations in chronic myelocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 147:18-22. [PMID: 14580766 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is found in more than 90% of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) patients. In most cases, it results from the reciprocal t(9;22)(q34;q11), with the ABL proto-oncogene from 9q34 fused to the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) locus on 22q11. In 5%-10% of patients with CML, the Ph chromosome originates from variant translocations, involving various breakpoints in addition to 9q34 and 22q11. In our investigation, three CML cases with complex Ph translocations have been analyzed by G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH with breakpoint-spanning probes for the BCR and ABL genes revealed information about the genesis of complex Ph translocations. The occurrence of one fusion signal indicates a one-step mechanism (case 1). Two fusion signals indicate a two-step mechanism (case 2). Lack of signals indicates deletions of parts of the BCR and ABL genes or of adjacent regions (case 3).
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Female
- Genetic Markers
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Naumann
- Third Medical Clinic, Department of Hematology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
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18
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Reid AG, Huntly BJP, Grace C, Green AR, Nacheva EP. Survival implications of molecular heterogeneity in variant Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2003; 121:419-27. [PMID: 12716364 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The BCR-ABL fusion in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is generated by the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation t(9;22) or, in 10% of patients, variants thereof (vPh). Deletion encompassing the reciprocal product (ABL-BCR) from the derivative chromosome 9 [der(9)] occurs in 15% of all patients, but with greater frequency in vPh patients. Reports of physical separation of ABL-BCR in non-deleted patients, as well as evolution from classical to variant Ph, introduce further heterogeneity to the vPh subgroup and raise the possibility that such translocations may herald disease progression. Survival analyses, however, have thus far yielded contradictory results. We assessed the frequency of der(9) deletions, ABL-BCR abrogation, cytogenetic evolution and cryptic rearrangement in a large cohort of 54 patients with vPh CML. Deletions encompassing ABL-BCR were detected in 37% of patients, consistent with a model in which a greater number of chromosome breaks increases the risk of genomic loss. The components of ABL-BCR were physically separated in a further 52% of patients while fused in the remaining 11%. Evolution from classical to vPh was demonstrated in three patients. The difference in survival, as indicated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, was marked between classical and vPh patients (105 vs 60 months respectively; P = 0.0002). Importantly, this difference disappeared when patients with deletions were removed from the analysis. Our study showed that, despite the existence of several levels of genomic heterogeneity in variant Ph-positive CML, der(9) deletion status is the key prognostic factor.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Cohort Studies
- Evolution, Molecular
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Frequency
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Prognosis
- Survival Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair G Reid
- University College London, Department of Academic Haematology, London, UK
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19
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Michalová K, Zemanová Z, Bkezinová J, Moravcová J, Oltová A, Sobotka J, Kuglík P, Kozak T, Sindelarová L, Jankovská M, Obomilová A, Sieglová Z, Polák J, Nádvorníková S, Haskovec C. Location of the BCR/ABL fusion genes on both chromosomes 9q34 in Ph negative chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:1695-700. [PMID: 12400616 DOI: 10.1080/1042819021000003063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We present two patients with Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and fusion signal BCR/ABL on both chromosomes 9, located in region 9q34. The first case was a 27 years old man with CML. Molecular studies (RT-PCR) revealed the rearrangement in the major-BCR region and expression of chimeric BCR/ABL mRNA of b3a2 configuration. By classical cytogenetic studies (G-banding) karyotype 46,XY was found in short-term cultivated bone marrow cells and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral lymphocytes. FISH studies revealed the BCR/ABL fusion signals on both chromosomes 9 and green BCR signals on both chromosomes 22 in all mitoses studied. Detection of the alleles of ABL1 intragenic STR locus by fluorescence PCR followed by fragmentation analysis in the patient and his parents provided no information about transmission of the ABL gene. Quantitative assessment of BCR/ABL transcript level by RT-PCR showed 60 and 70% BCR/ABL positivity in two peripheral blood samples at 6,5 and 10,5 months after diagnosis, respectively, which does not correspond to the expression from two identical BCR/ABL hybrid genes. Therefore, the possible mechanism of the origin of two BCR/ABL fusion signals present on both chromosomes 9 could not be resolved and remains speculative. The second case was a 53 years old male with diagnosis of chronic phase of CML, with first sign of acceleration one month after diagnosis and death because of sepsis in blastic phase within four months. The cytogenetic findings were identical to those in case No. 1., i.e. karyotype 46, XY by G-banding, two BCR/ABL fusion signals on both chromosomes 9 and RT-PCR molecular studies proved b3a2 breakpoints. It is generally accepted that prognosis of the patients with fused BCR/ABL gene located on chromosome 9 is poor. The presence of two fused genes could be anticipated as two Ph chromosomes in accelerated and blastic phases of the disease. However, in our study, quantitative findings of BCR/ABL transcripts did not corresponded to the expression of two BCR/ABL genes originating from duplication. If this assumption is correct then the expression of both fused genes BCR/ABL was in case No. 1 equally suppressed and total expression reached about the level of one BCR/ABL gene.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Male
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- K Michalová
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Storlazzi CT, Anelli L, Surace C, Lonoce A, Zagaria A, Nanni M, Curzi P, Rocchi M. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a complex rearrangement involving chromosomes 9 and 22 in a case of Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 136:141-5. [PMID: 12237239 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The "golden path", produced by the Human Genome Project effort, is composed of a collection of overlapping and fully sequenced BAC/PAC clones covering almost completely the human genome. These clones can be advantageously exploited as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes for the characterization of rearrangements frequently found in tumors. Breakpoint characterization can be further refined by generating additional smaller FISH probes through LONG-PCR amplification of specific DNA segments, 5-10 kb in size, using appropriate BAC/PAC probes as template. We report here an example of this approach that has been used to characterize a complex Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML Ph-) case in which the BCR/ABL fusion gene was found located on chromosome 9.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
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21
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Terré C, Bastie JN, Garcia I, Suzan F, Cayuela JM, Therond P, Castaigne S. BCR/ABL fusion gene detected on 9q34 by fluorescence in situ hybridization in an acute leukemia with two BCR/ABL positive clones, one Ph-negative and one Ph-positive. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 131:37-41. [PMID: 11734316 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular analyses in the first reported case of an acute leukemia with two BCR-positive clones: one cell Ph-positive and all others Ph-negative. A BCR/ABL fusion gene on 9q34 was detected only with a BCR/ABL dual color translocation probe. These FISH interphase signals must be confirmed on a metaphase to avoid an erroneous interpretation. This observation appears to indicate a 2-step mechanism for this aberrant fusion gene localization: first, a classical t(9;22), and then the transfer of the fusion gene formed on chromosome 22 to chromosome 9 by a second translocation between the long arms of the derivative chromosomes 9q+ and 22q-, masking the first chromosome exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Terré
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Genetics and Hematology, Hôpital de Versailles, Versailles, France
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22
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Wang YL, Bagg A, Pear W, Nowell PC, Hess JL. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: laboratory diagnosis and monitoring. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:97-111. [PMID: 11550277 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid developments have occurred both in laboratory medicine and in therapeutic interventions for the management of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). With a wide array of laboratory tests available, selecting the appropriate test for a specific diagnostic or therapeutic setting has become increasingly difficult. In this review, we first discuss, from the point of view of laboratory medicine, the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used laboratory assays, including cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and qualitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We then discuss, from the point of view of clinical care, the test(s) of choice for the most common clinical scenarios, including diagnosis and monitoring of the therapeutic response and minimal residual disease in patients treated with different therapies. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians and laboratory physicians select appropriate tests for the diagnosis and monitoring of CML, with the ultimate goal of improving the cost-effective usage of clinical laboratories and improving patient care.
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MESH Headings
- Cytogenetic Analysis/methods
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 413b Stellar-Chance Building, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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Martín-Subero JI, Lahortiga I, Gómez E, Ferreira C, Larrayoz MJ, Odero MD, García-Delgado M, Novo FJ, Giraldo P, Calasanz MJ. Insertion (22;9)(q11;q34q21) in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 125:167-70. [PMID: 11369063 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unusual cytogenetic rearrangement, described as ins(22;9)(q11;q34q21), was detected in a 49-year-old male patient diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed a b3a2 fusion transcript. In order to confirm the cytogenetic findings and fully characterize the inverted insertion, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays using locus-specific and whole chromosome painting probes. Our FISH analysis showed the presence of the BCR/ABL fusion gene, verified the insertion and determined that the breakpoint on chromosome 22 where the insertion took place was located proximal to the BCR gene and distal to the TUPLE1 gene on 22q11.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/analysis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Genetic
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Martín-Subero
- Department of Genetics, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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24
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Reid A, Gribble SM, Huntly BJ, Andrews KM, Campbell L, Grace CD, Wood ME, Green AR, Nacheva EP. Variant Philadelphia translocations in chronic myeloid leukaemia can mimic typical blast crisis chromosome abnormalities or classic t(9;22): a report of two cases. Br J Haematol 2001; 113:439-42. [PMID: 11380413 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A range of fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques have been used to reveal hidden variant Philadelphia translocations in two cases of Ph-positive chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. In one patient, a highly complex variant Ph translocation affecting four chromosomes had resulted in the formation of structures with the appearance of i(17q) and +8. Misinterpretation of these karyotypes has direct clinical relevance. Our findings illustrate that even established cytogenetic abnormalities may contain cryptic abnormalities beyond the resolution of conventional cytogenetic methods.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Metaphase
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reid
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Abdelmoula NB, Van den Akker J, Portnoï MF, Perot C, Taillemite JL. A variant translocation (9;22;22) with local extramedullary monoblastic transformation in CML. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 123:69-70. [PMID: 11188768 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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