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Baumgartner A, Ferlatte Hartshorne C, Polyzos AA, Weier HUG, Weier JF, O’Brien B. Full Karyotype Interphase Cell Analysis. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:595-606. [PMID: 29672206 PMCID: PMC6071177 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418771613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy seems to play not only a decisive role in embryonal development but also in tumorigenesis where chromosomal and genomic instability reflect a universal feature of malignant tumors. The cost of whole genome sequencing has fallen significantly, but it is still prohibitive for many institutions and clinical settings. No applied, cost-effective, and efficient technique has been introduced yet aiming at research to assess the ploidy status of all 24 different human chromosomes in interphases simultaneously, especially in single cells. Here, we present the selection of human probe DNA and a technique using multistep fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) employing four sets of six labeled FISH probes able to delineate all 24 human chromosomes in interphase cells. This full karyotype analysis approach will provide additional diagnostic potential for single cell analysis. The use of spectral imaging (SIm) has enabled the use of up to eight different fluorochrome labels simultaneously. Thus, scoring can be easily assessed by visual inspection, because SIm permits computer-assigned and distinguishable pseudo-colors to each probe during image processing. This enables full karyotype analysis by FISH of single-cell interphase nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Baumgartner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and
Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco,
California
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences,
York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Christy Ferlatte Hartshorne
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and
Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco,
California
| | - Aris A. Polyzos
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Heinz-Ulrich G. Weier
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Jingly Fung Weier
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and
Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco,
California
- Dermatopathology Service, University of
California, San Francisco, California
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Ben O’Brien
- Life Sciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, St
Bartholomew’s Hospital & Barts Heart Centre, London, United
Kingdom
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic,
Cleveland, Ohio
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2
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3
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t(5;6;12) associated with resistance to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2009; 89:508-512. [PMID: 19322630 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-009-0275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A patient with t(9;22)-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) developed a resistance to therapy with imatinib mesylate (Glivec) which coincided with the appearance of t(5;6;12) in the same cells with t(9;22) [46,XX,t(5;6;12)(q14?;q21?;q23?),t(9;22)(q34;q11)]. She remains in a continuous chronic phase of CML. This is the first reported instance of karyotype evolution temporally associated, and possibly involved, with the induction of resistance to imatinib mesylate but without any signs of evolution of leukemia toward a more anaplastic and aggressive form.
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4
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Müller S, Wienberg J. Multicolor chromosome bar codes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:245-9. [PMID: 16954661 DOI: 10.1159/000094208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome bar codes are multicolor banding patterns produced by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with differentially labeled and pooled sub-regional DNA probes. These molecular cytogenetic tools facilitate chromosome identification and the delineation of both inter- and intra-chromosomal rearrangements. We present an overview of the various conceptual approaches which can be largely divided into two classes: Simple bar codes designed for chromosome identification and complex bar codes for high resolution aberration screening of entire karyotypes. We address the issue of color redundancy and how to overcome this limitation by complementation of bar codes with whole chromosome painting probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Müller
- Institute for Anthropology and Human Genetics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Babicka L, Zemanova Z, Pavlistova L, Brezinova J, Ransdorfova S, Houskova L, Moravcova J, Klamova H, Michalova K. Complex chromosomal rearrangements in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 168:22-9. [PMID: 16772117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) from the chronic to the accelerated phase and/or blast crisis, clonal evolution with nonrandom secondary aberrations such as +8, +Ph, i(17q), +19, -Y, +21, +17, and -7 is frequently observed. Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) are rather rare, and the significance and frequency of different anomalies are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the chromosomes and chromosomal regions which are involved in CCR during progression of the disease and the frequency of nonrandom changes. Conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and multicolor FISH (mFISH) were used to study karyotypes of 18 CML patients with CCR ascertained by G-banding. Most often involved in CCR were chromosomes 2 (x6); 3, 7, and 17 (x5); 1 and 4 (x4); and 5, 6, 11, and 12 (x3); regions 1q, 2q, 5q, 7p, and 17p; and breakpoints 17p11.2 (x3) and 7p15 (x2). There were no recurrent complex translocations. The present findings demonstrate the very high instability of the genome of malignant cells at the chromosomal level. Precise determination of breakpoints involved in CCR can give new dimension to the understanding of genetic mechanisms which play role in progression of malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libuse Babicka
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General Faculty Hospital and 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
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6
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Brizard F, Cividin M, Villalva C, Guilhot F, Brizard A. Comparison of M-FISH and conventional cytogenetic analysis in accelerated and acute phases of CML. Leuk Res 2004; 28:345-8. [PMID: 15109532 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2003] [Accepted: 08/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
FISH and multicolor FISH (M-FISH) techniques have greatly enhanced the resolution of conventional cytogenetic analysis, thus enabling the identification of novel regions of rearrangement in hematological malignancies. We report on the analysis of cells from 24 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients, in either accelerated phase (14 cases) or blast crisis (10 cases) aimed at searching for previously unidentified additional abnormalities related to disease evolution. Indeed, in 6 of 24 cases (25%) M-FISH allowed a more precise description of chromosomal aberrations, the finding of cryptic rearrangements, characterization of markers, identification of additional material and a better interpretation of complex aberrations. However, new recurrent aberration did not emerge from M-FISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Brizard
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie (EA 2224), Poitiers University Hospital, CHU La Milétrie BP 577, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.
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7
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Morel F, Herry A, Le Bris MJ, Morice P, Bouquard P, Abgrall JF, Berthou C, De Braekeleer M. Contribution of fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses to the characterization of masked and complex Philadelphia chromosome translocations in chronic myelocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 147:115-20. [PMID: 14623460 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow samples from 112 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia were investigated using cytogenetic methods. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole-chromosome paints and BCR-ABL probes was used to confirm and/or complete the banding findings when a variant or a masked Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) translocation was found. Eight variant Ph translocations were identified. Three-way Ph translocations were found in seven patients. Chromosome 4 was involved in two of these cases and chromosomes 3, 11, 14, 17, and 16 in one case each; in the patient with chromosome 16 involvement, a ring of the translocated chromosome 9 was identified, that is r(9)t(9;16;22). The eighth patient had a five-way Ph translocation: t(2;9;16;22;22). The BCR-ABL fusion gene was detected on the Ph chromosome in all eight cases; two cases presented also a deletion of the 5' ABL region on the derivative chromosome 9. In the five-way translocation, the 3' DNA sequence of the ABL oncogene was fused with the 5' DNA sequence of the BCR gene on the Ph chromosome and the 5' end of ABL was inserted into the other chromosome 22. A masked Ph chromosome was identified in one of the 112 patients; it involved the insertion of the 3' ABL into BCR on an apparently normal chromosome 22, resulting in the BCR-ABL fusion gene. In conclusion, FISH analyses allowed not only a more accurate characterization of complex Ph translocations with subtle abnormalities and the identification of cryptic rearrangements, but also the recognition of deletion of the 5' ABL region, which could carry with it a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morel
- Service de Cytogénétique, Cytologie et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU Morvan, Brest, France
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8
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Shivakumar S, Mathew S, Dalton J, Chandy M, Srivastava A. A complex karyotype involving chromosomes 3, 6, 11, 12, and 22 in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:1673-7. [PMID: 12400611 DOI: 10.1080/1042819021000003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Complex chromosomal abnormalities are rare in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Using molecular methods, we characterized a complex karyotype involving chromosomes 3, 6, 11, 12, and 22 in a 38-year-old man with ALL. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the following karyotype: 46,XY,der(3)t(3;?6)(q22;?p21), - 6,add(11)(q23),add(12)(p13), + mar[10]/46,XY[19]. Because patients with 11q23 abnormalities have a poor prognosis and require aggressive treatment, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to fully characterize the abnormalities. FISH analysis showed no rearrangement of the MLL or ETV6-CBFA2 (TEL-AML1) genes; the wild-type ETV6 allele was deleted in most cells. The revised karyotype after the FISH analysis was as follows: 46,XY,der(3)t(3;12)(p13;p?13)del(3)(q21),der(6)inv(6)(p21q21)ins(6;3)(q21;q21q25),der(11)t (3; 11)(q25;q23),der(12)t(11; 12)(q23;p?12),t(12;22)(p13;q13). Although structural abnormalities involving 11q23 and 12p13 bands were identified by conventional cytogenetics, this report clearly demonstrates that molecular assays are needed to fully characterize gene rearrangements, complex translocations as well as to assign patients to the appropriate treatment group.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Transcription Factors
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9
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Abstract
Clinical and cancer cytogenetics is a rapidly evolving discipline. The past decade has seen a dramatic change in molecular biology and fluorescence microscopy. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technologies has enabled the rapid analysis of cytogenetic specimens as an adjunct to classical cytogenetic analysis. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) is a 24-color, multi-chromosomal painting assay that allows the visualization of all human chromosomes in one experiment. The ability for SKY analysis to detect equivocal or complex chromosomal rearrangements, as well as to identify the chromosomal origins of marker chromosomes and other extra-chromosomal structures, makes this a highly sensitive and valuable tool for identifying recurrent chromosomal aberrations. The SKY has been applied to various tumor groups including hematological malignancies, sarcomas, carcinomas and brain tumors, with the intent of identifying specific chromosomal abnormalities that may provide insight to the genes involved in the disease process as well as identifying recurrent cytogenetic markers for clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment. The SKY has also been applied for the mouse genome, enabling investigators to extrapolate information from mouse models of cancer to their human counterparts. This review will address the advances that SKY has facilitated in the field of cancer cytogenetics, as well as its variety of application in the cancer research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Bayani
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Ontario, Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9
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10
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Strefford JC, Lillington DM, Steggall M, Lane TM, Nouri AME, Young BD, Oliver RTD. Novel chromosome findings in bladder cancer cell lines detected with multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 135:139-46. [PMID: 12127398 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common neoplasm worldwide, consisting mainly of transitional cell carcinomas, while squamous, adenocarcinoma, and sarcomatoid bladder cancers account for the remaining cases. In the present study, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) has been used to characterize chromosome rearrangements in eight transitional and one squamous cell carcinoma cell line, RT112, of UMUC-3, 5637, CAT(wil), FGEN, EJ28, J82, 253J, and SCaBER. Alterations of chromosome 9 are the most frequent cytogenetic and molecular findings in transitional cell carcinomas of all grades and stages, while changes of chromosomes 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 14, and 17 are also frequently observed. In the present study, alterations previously described, including del(8)(p10), del(9)(p10), del(17)(p10), and overrepresentation of chromosome 20, as well as several novel findings, were observed. These novel findings were a del(15)(q15) and isochromosome 14q, both occurring in three of nine cell lines examined. These abnormalities may reflect changes in bladder tumor biology. M-FISH represents an effective preliminary screening tool for the characterization of complex tumor karyotypes.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Female
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Metaphase
- Sequence Deletion
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/ultrastructure
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon C Strefford
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) Medical Oncology Unit, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, UK.
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11
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Harrison CJ, Foroni L. Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. REVIEWS IN CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY 2002; 6:91-113; discussion 200-2. [PMID: 12196211 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-0734.2002.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An important factor in the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is that karyotype is an independent prognostic indicator, with an impact on the choice of treatment. Outcome is related to the number of chromosomes. For example, high hyperdiploidy (51-65 chromosomes) is associated with a good prognosis, whereas patients with near haploidy (23-29 chromosomes) have a poor outcome. The discovery of recurring chromosomal abnormalities in the leukemic blasts of patients with ALL has identified a large number of genes involved in leukemogenesis. Certain specific genetic changes are related to prognosis. The ETV6/AML1 fusion arising from the translocation (t12;21) (p13;q22) has been associated with a good outcome; the BCR/ABL fusion of (t9;22)(q34;q11), rearrangements of the MLL gene, and abnormalities of the short arm of chromosomes 9 involving the tumor suppressor genes p16INK4A have a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the classification of patients into prognostic groups based on cytogenetics is not always as predicted. Even when other clinically based risk factors are taken into account, some patients with good-risk cytogenetic features will relapse. In the search for new measures of prognosis, it has recently emerged that the level of minimal residual disease following induction therapy can be a reliable predictor of outcome in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Fund Cytogenetics Group, Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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12
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Liehr T, Heller A, Starke H, Claussen U. FISH banding methods: applications in research and diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2002; 2:217-25. [PMID: 12050860 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several chromosome banding techniques based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been developed for the human and the mouse genome. In contrast to the standard chromosome banding techniques presently used, giving a protein-related banding pattern, those FISH techniques are DNA-specific. Currently the FISH banding methods are still under development and no high resolution banding technique is available that can be used for a whole genome in one hybridization. Nevertheless, FISH banding methods were used successfully for research in evolution- and radiation-biology, as well as for studies on the nuclear architecture. Moreover, their suitability for diagnostic purposes has been proven in prenatal, postnatal and tumor cytogenetics, indicating that they are an important tool with the potential to partly replace the conventional banding techniques in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Institut fur Humangenetik und Anthropologie, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
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13
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Wang YL, Bagg A, Pear W, Nowell PC, Hess JL. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: laboratory diagnosis and monitoring. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:97-111. [PMID: 11550277 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid developments have occurred both in laboratory medicine and in therapeutic interventions for the management of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). With a wide array of laboratory tests available, selecting the appropriate test for a specific diagnostic or therapeutic setting has become increasingly difficult. In this review, we first discuss, from the point of view of laboratory medicine, the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used laboratory assays, including cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and qualitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We then discuss, from the point of view of clinical care, the test(s) of choice for the most common clinical scenarios, including diagnosis and monitoring of the therapeutic response and minimal residual disease in patients treated with different therapies. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians and laboratory physicians select appropriate tests for the diagnosis and monitoring of CML, with the ultimate goal of improving the cost-effective usage of clinical laboratories and improving patient care.
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MESH Headings
- Cytogenetic Analysis/methods
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 413b Stellar-Chance Building, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Abstract
In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) the karyotype provides important prognostic information which is beginning to have an impact on treatment. The most significant structural chromosomal changes include: the poor-risk abnormalities; t(9;22)(q34;q11), giving rise to the BCR/ABL fusion and rearrangements of the MLL gene; abnormalities previously designated as poor-risk; t(1;19)(q23;p13), producing the E2A/PBX1 and rearrangements of MYC with the immunoglobulin genes; and the probable good risk translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22), which results in the ETV6/AML1 fusion. These abnormalities occur most frequently in B-lineage leukaemias, while rearrangements of the T cell receptor genes are associated with T-lineage ALL. Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 9, in particular homozygous deletions involving the tumour suppressor gene (TSG) p16(INK4A), are associated with a poor outcome. Numerical chromosomal abnormalities are of particular importance in relation to prognosis. High hyperdiploidy (51-65 chromosomes) is associated with a good risk, whereas the outlook for patients with near haploidy (23-29 chromosomes) is extremely poor. In view of the introduction of risk-adjusted therapy into the UK childhood ALL treatment trials, an interphase FISH screening programme has been developed to reveal chromosomal abnormalities with prognostic significance in childhood ALL. Novel techniques in molecular cytogenetics are identifying new, cryptic abnormalities in small groups of patients which may lead to further improvements in future treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Fund/UK Cancer Cytogenetics Group Karyotype Database in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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15
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Harrison CJ, Martineau M, Secker-Walker LM. The Leukaemia Research Fund/United Kingdom Cancer Cytogenetics Group Karyotype Database in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a valuable resource for patient management. Br J Haematol 2001; 113:3-10. [PMID: 11328273 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Fund Cytogenetics Group, Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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16
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Harrison CJ. The detection and significance of chromosomal abnormalities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Blood Rev 2001; 15:49-59. [PMID: 11333138 DOI: 10.1054/blre.2001.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), cytogenetics plays an essential role in diagnosis and prediction of outcome. Conventional cytogenetic analysis, complemented by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), is highly effective in the accurate detection of chromosomal abnormalities. For the precise identification of specific genetic changes, molecular techniques may be applied. Chromosomal changes in ALL may be of structural or numerical type. A large number of established structural chromosomal rearrangements have now been described for which the genetic alterations and effect on prognosis are well known. These include t(9;22)(q34;q11) and BCR/ABL, rearrangements of 11q23 involving MLL, t(12;21)(p13;q22) with the ETV6/AML1 fusion, t(1;19)(q23;p13) with E2A/PBX1, t(8;14)(q24;q32) and the immunoglobulin genes. Genetic changes associated with T ALL are also known, although their effect on outcome is less pronounced. Rare chromosomal abnormalities are continually being discovered in small patient subgroups leading to the identification of new ALL associated genetic changes. Alterations in chromosome number have a strong impact on outcome in childhood ALL. The association of a high hyperdiploid karyotype (51-65 chromosomes) with a good prognosis has been known for more than 20 years. Conversely, the loss of chromosomes in the near-haploid group (23-28 chromosomes) indicates a poor outcome. New methods of cancer classification involving gene expression profiling may eventually supercede cytogenetic analysis in the diagnosis and prediction of outcome in leukaemia. It is more likely that they will be used in a complementary approach alongside cytogenetic, FISH and molecular analysis to guide patient management in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Fund/UK Cancer Cytogenetics Group Karyotype Database in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK.
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17
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Salido M, Solé F, Espinet B, Zamora L, Woessner S, Florensa L. New t(11;12)(q12;q11) characterized by RxFISH in a patient with T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 125:70-3. [PMID: 11297771 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities in patients with large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL) are rare. Herein we present a novel cytogenetic abnormality t(11;12)(q12;q11) in a patient with LGLL identified by cross-species color banding (RxFISH). The application of RxFISH allowed the rapid and easy identification of a chromosome rearrangement that was not recognized by conventional cytogenetics. Therefore, RxFISH is a suitable complement to, but not a replacement for, conventional cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salido
- Laboratori de Citologia Hematològica/Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya, Unitat d'Hematologia 1973, Hospital del Mar, IMAS, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Strefford JC, Lillington DM, Young BD, Oliver RT. The use of multicolor fluorescence technologies in the characterization of prostate carcinoma cell lines: a comparison of multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral karyotyping data. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 124:112-21. [PMID: 11172901 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified several chromosome regions that are altered in primary prostate cancer and prostatic carcinoma cell lines. These targeted regions may harbor genes involved in tumor suppression. We used multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) to screen for genetic rearrangements in four prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, LNCaP.FCG, DU145, and PC3, and compared our results with those recently obtained using spectral karyotyping (SKY). A number of differences was noted between abnormalities characterized by SKY and M-FISH, suggesting variation in karyotype evolution and characterization by these two methodologies. M-FISH analysis showed that hormone-resistant cell lines (DU145 and PC3) contained many genetic alterations (> or =15 per cell), suggesting high levels of genetic instability in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Most chromosome regions previously implicated in prostate cancer were altered in one or more of these cell lines. Several specific chromosome aberrations were also detected, including a del(4)(p14) and a del(6)(q21) in the hormone-insensitive cell lines, a t(1;15)(p?;q?) in LNCaP, LNCaP, and PC3, and a i(5p) in LNCaP.FCG, DU145, and PC3. These clonal chromosome abnormalities may pinpoint gene loci associated with prostate tumourigenesis, cancer progression, and hormone sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Strefford
- ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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Schröck E, Padilla-Nash H. Spectral karyotyping and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization reveal new tumor-specific chromosomal aberrations. Semin Hematol 2000; 37:334-47. [PMID: 11071356 DOI: 10.1016/s0037-1963(00)90014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spectral karyotyping (SKY), multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), cross-species color banding (Rx-FISH), multicolor chromosome banding, and other labeling techniques and strategies have been recent comprehensive technical developments in the field of molecular cytogenetics. The immediate goals of these methods are (1) to reliably characterize complex chromosomal rearrangements present in tumor karyotypes; (2) to screen for new tumor-specific chromosomal aberrations; (3) to improve genetic classification systems of different tumor types in correlation with clinical data, treatment regimens, detection of minimal residual disease, and prognosis; and (4) to identify new target regions for gene identification strategies. We present a brief overview of the different methods, including summaries of numerous published and submitted papers detailing specific cytogenetic aberrations associated with leukemias and lymphomas. To date, 640 tumor cases have been analyzed by SKY, including 410 hematologic malignancies, 146 solid tumors, and 45 mouse tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schröck
- Research Group for Tumor Genetics and Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Jena, Germany
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