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Ayyar BV, Atassi MZ. Development of humanized scFv antibody fragment(s) that targets and blocks specific HLA alleles linked to myasthenia gravis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8165-8179. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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2
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Maruta T, Oshima M, Mosier DR, Atassi MZ. Injection of inactiveBordetella pertussisand complete Freund’s adjuvant withTorpedo californicaAChR increases the occurrence of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in C57BL/6 mice. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:293-305. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1329831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maruta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minako Oshima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dennis R. Mosier
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M. Zouhair Atassi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen W, Zeng X, Luo F, Lv T, Zhou X, Bai J. The decreased expression of thioredoxin-1 in brain of mice with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:726-35. [PMID: 24878227 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptor (AchR) at the neuromuscular junction. There is the cognitive and memory impairment in patients with MG. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the alteration of central nervous system in MG remain unknown. In the present study, we found that the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in the brain of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Furthermore, the expression of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were significantly decreased in frontal lobe and hippocampus of mice with EAMG. We also found that the expression of pro-apoptotic C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was increased in the frontal lobe and hippocampus of mice. However, the expressions of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78/Bip) was not changed in same areas. Inversely, the expressions of pro-caspase-12, pro-caspase-3 and pro-caspase-9 were decreased. These data indicate that Trx-1 mediated endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria pathways are involved in brain damage in MG. Trx-1 may be a pivotal target for brain protective treatment in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Neurology Department, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fucheng Luo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tao Lv
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Shen C, Lu Y, Zhang B, Figueiredo D, Bean J, Jung J, Wu H, Barik A, Yin DM, Xiong WC, Mei L. Antibodies against low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 induce myasthenia gravis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5190-202. [PMID: 24200689 DOI: 10.1172/jci66039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). MG is frequently caused by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and a kinase critical for NMJ formation, MuSK; however, a proportion of MG patients are double-negative for anti-AChR and anti-MuSK antibodies. Recent studies in these subjects have identified autoantibodies against low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), an agrin receptor also critical for NMJ formation. LRP4 autoantibodies have not previously been implicated in MG pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate that mice immunized with the extracellular domain of LRP4 generated anti-LRP4 antibodies and exhibited MG-associated symptoms, including muscle weakness, reduced compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), and compromised neuromuscular transmission. Additionally, fragmented and distorted NMJs were evident at both the light microscopic and electron microscopic levels. We found that anti-LRP4 sera decreased cell surface LRP4 levels, inhibited agrin-induced MuSK activation and AChR clustering, and activated complements, revealing potential pathophysiological mechanisms. To further confirm the pathogenicity of LRP4 antibodies, we transferred IgGs purified from LRP4-immunized rabbits into naive mice and found that they exhibited MG-like symptoms, including reduced CMAP and impaired neuromuscular transmission. Together, these data demonstrate that LRP4 autoantibodies induce MG and that LRP4 contributes to NMJ maintenance in adulthood.
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Meinen S, Lin S, Rüegg MA, Punga AR. Fatigue and muscle atrophy in a mouse model of myasthenia gravis is paralleled by loss of sarcolemmal nNOS. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44148. [PMID: 22952904 PMCID: PMC3429452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) patients suffer from chronic fatigue of skeletal muscles, even after initiation of proper immunosuppressive medication. Since the localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) at the muscle membrane is important for sustained muscle contraction, we here study the localization of nNOS in muscles from mice with acetylcholine receptor antibody seropositive (AChR+) experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG). EAMG was induced in 8 week-old male mice by immunization with AChRs purified from torpedo californica. Sham-injected wild type mice and mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, were used for comparison. At EAMG disease grade 3 (severe myasthenic weakness), the triceps, sternomastoid and masseter muscles were collected for analysis. Unlike in mdx muscles, total nNOS expression as well as the presence of its binding partner syntrophin α-1, were not altered in EAMG. Immunohistological and biochemical analysis showed that nNOS was lost from the muscle membrane and accumulated in the cytosol, which is likely the consequence of blocked neuromuscular transmission. Atrophy of all examined EAMG muscles were supported by up-regulated transcript levels of the atrogenes atrogin-1 and MuRF1, as well as MuRF1 protein, in combination with reduced muscle fiber diameters. We propose that loss of sarcolemmal nNOS provides an additional mechanism for the chronic muscle fatigue and secondary muscle atrophy in EAMG and MG.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Cytosol/enzymology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunization
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Biological
- Muscle Denervation
- Muscle Fatigue
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscular Atrophy/complications
- Muscular Atrophy/immunology
- Muscular Atrophy/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/physiopathology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/complications
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/deficiency
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/metabolism
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism
- Sarcolemma/enzymology
- Sarcolemma/pathology
- Weight Loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Meinen
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus A. Rüegg
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rostedt Punga
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Punga AR, Lin S, Oliveri F, Meinen S, Rüegg MA. Muscle-selective synaptic disassembly and reorganization in MuSK antibody positive MG mice. Exp Neurol 2011; 230:207-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jha S, Xu K, Maruta T, Oshima M, Mosier DR, Atassi MZ, Hoch W. Myasthenia gravis induced in mice by immunization with the recombinant extracellular domain of rat muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). J Neuroimmunol 2006; 175:107-17. [PMID: 16697051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Myasthenia gravis (MG) is mostly caused by anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) auto-antibodies (Abs). Such Abs are undetectable in 10-15% of MG patients, but many have anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) Abs. We injected recombinant rat-MuSK extracellular domain in H-2(a), H-2(b), H-2(bm12) and H-2(d) mice. Certain strains exhibited exercise-induced fatigue, tremors, weight loss, and some died after 2-3 injections. Compound muscle action potentials showed decrement with low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation. Miniature endplate potentials decreased, suggesting lower numbers of endplates functional AChRs. Myasthenic sera inhibited agrin-induced AChR aggregation in C2C12 myotubes. CONCLUSION Anti-MuSK Abs induce MG, which might also result from blocking the agrin-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Jha
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Oshima M, Maruta T, Ohtani M, Deitiker PR, Mosier D, Atassi MZ. Vaccination with a MHC class II peptide in Alum and inactive pertussis strongly ameliorates clinical MG in C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 171:8-16. [PMID: 16271400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the efficacy of immunization against peptides from predisposing MHC class II molecules in human-compatible adjuvants for ameliorating experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). C57BL/6 mice were immunized three times with the peptide I-Abetab62-76 in Alum+killed pertussis organisms (PT) prior to two injections with tAChR. The treatment greatly reduced the occurrence and severity of clinical MG relative to controls that received saline/Alum+PT or none. It also reduced antibody and T-cell responses against tAChR. The results have important implications for the possible immunotherapy of MG by targeting disease-associated MHC.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/physiology
- Alum Compounds
- Animals
- Antibodies/therapeutic use
- Antibody Formation
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/administration & dosage
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage
- Pertussis Vaccine/immunology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods
- Radioimmunoassay/methods
- Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology
- Torpedo
- Vaccination/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Oshima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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