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Sarabia I, Koss KM. Search for microglia-specific peptides: advances in the discovery toolbox. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:471-472. [PMID: 38819052 PMCID: PMC11317953 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sarabia
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kyle M. Koss
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Koss KM, Son T, Li C, Hao Y, Cao J, Churchward MA, Zhang ZJ, Wertheim JA, Derda R, Todd KG. Toward discovering a novel family of peptides targeting neuroinflammatory states of brain microglia and astrocytes. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3386-3414. [PMID: 37171455 PMCID: PMC10640667 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are immune-derived cells critical to the development and healthy function of the brain and spinal cord, yet are implicated in the active pathology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. A range of functional phenotypes associated with the healthy brain or disease states has been suggested from in vivo work and were modeled in vitro as surveying, reactive, and primed sub-types of primary rat microglia and mixed microglia/astrocytes. It was hypothesized that the biomolecular profile of these cells undergoes a phenotypical change as well, and these functional phenotypes were explored for potential novel peptide binders using a custom 7 amino acid-presenting M13 phage library (SX7) to identify unique peptides that bind differentially to these respective cell types. Surveying glia were untreated, reactive were induced with a lipopolysaccharide treatment, recovery was modeled with a potent anti-inflammatory treatment dexamethasone, and priming was determined by subsequently challenging the cells with interferon gamma. Microglial function was profiled by determining the secretion of cytokines and nitric oxide, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. After incubation with the SX7 phage library, populations of SX7-positive microglia and/or astrocytes were collected using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, SX7 phage was amplified in Escherichia coli culture, and phage DNA was sequenced via next-generation sequencing. Binding validation was done with synthesized peptides via in-cell westerns. Fifty-eight unique peptides were discovered, and their potential functions were assessed using a basic local alignment search tool. Peptides potentially originated from proteins ranging in function from a variety of supportive glial roles, including synapse support and pruning, to inflammatory incitement including cytokine and interleukin activation, and potential regulation in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Koss
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - T Son
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - C Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Y Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - J Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- 48Hour Discovery Inc, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - M A Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Z J Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - J A Wertheim
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - R Derda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- 48Hour Discovery Inc, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - K G Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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3
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Xu H, Cao B, Li Y, Mao C. Phage nanofibers in nanomedicine: Biopanning for early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and proteomics analysis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1623. [PMID: 32147974 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Display of a peptide or protein of interest on the filamentous phage (also known as bacteriophage), a biological nanofiber, has opened a new route for disease diagnosis and therapy as well as proteomics. Earlier phage display was widely used in protein-protein or antigen-antibody studies. In recent years, its application in nanomedicine is becoming increasingly popular and encouraging. We aim to review the current status in this research direction. For better understanding, we start with a brief introduction of basic biology and structure of the filamentous phage. We present the principle of phage display and library construction method on the basis of the filamentous phage. We summarize the use of the phage displayed peptide library for selecting peptides with high affinity against cells or tissues. We then review the recent applications of the selected cell or tissue targeting peptides in developing new targeting probes and therapeutics to advance the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of different diseases in nanomedicine. We also discuss the integration of antibody phage display and modern proteomics in discovering new biomarkers or target proteins for disease diagnosis and therapy. Finally, we propose an outlook for further advancing the potential impact of phage display on future nanomedicine. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Binrui Cao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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4
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Mazuel L, Blanc J, Repond C, Bouchaud V, Raffard G, Déglon N, Bonvento G, Pellerin L, Bouzier-Sore AK. A neuronal MCT2 knockdown in the rat somatosensory cortex reduces both the NMR lactate signal and the BOLD response during whisker stimulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174990. [PMID: 28388627 PMCID: PMC5384673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several in vitro and ex vivo evidence support the existence of lactate exchange between astrocytes and neurons, a direct demonstration in vivo is still lacking. In the present study, a lentiviral vector carrying a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to downregulate the expression of the monocarboxylate transporter type 2 (MCT2) in neurons of the rat somatosensory cortex (called S1BF) by ~ 25%. After one hour of whisker stimulation, HRMAS 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis of S1BF perchloric acid extracts showed that while an increase in lactate content is observed in both uninjected and shRNA-control injected extracts, such an effect was abrogated in shMCT2 injected rats. A 13C-incorporation analysis following [1-13C]glucose infusion during the stimulation confirmed that the elevated lactate observed during activation originates from newly synthesized [3-13C]lactate, with blood-derived [1-13C]glucose being the precursor. Moreover, the analysis of the 13C-labeling of glutamate in position C3 and C4 indicates that upon activation, there is an increase in TCA cycle velocity for control rats while a decrease is observed for MCT2 knockdown animals. Using in vivo localized 1H-NMR spectroscopy, an increase in lactate levels is observed in the S1BF area upon whisker stimulation for shRNA-control injected rats but not for MCT2 knockdown animals. Finally, while a robust BOLD fMRI response was evidenced in control rats, it was absent in MCT2 knockdown rats. These data not only demonstrate that glucose-derived lactate is locally produced following neuronal activation but also suggest that its use by neurons via MCT2 is probably essential to maintain synaptic activity within the barrel cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Mazuel
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jordy Blanc
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cendrine Repond
- Département de Physiologie, 7 rue du Bugnon, CH Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Bouchaud
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gérard Raffard
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), LCMN, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
- Département de Physiologie, 7 rue du Bugnon, CH Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
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5
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Li Z, Fan J, Zhao W, Jin L, Ma L. The specific binding of peptide ligands to cardiomyocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:771-82. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuokun Li
- Department of Biological sciences and Biotechnology; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen China
| | - Jiusong Fan
- Department of Biological sciences and Biotechnology; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Biological sciences and Biotechnology; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen China
| | - Lan Ma
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen China
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6
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Zhao S, Zhao W, Ma L. Novel peptide ligands that bind specifically to mouse embryonic stem cells. Peptides 2010; 31:2027-34. [PMID: 20713104 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The search for new ES cell markers is critical not only for identification, isolation and visualization of embryonic stem (ES) cells, but also for potential clinical treatment as a targeting agent. Here, by using phage display technology, 12-mer peptide ligands that bind specifically to mouse ES cells were isolated. After four rounds of negative-positive selection, nine sequences in 20 random samples from the chosen clones were selected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results suggested the Seq2 peptide (KHMHWHPPALNT) had high affinity and specificity to the mouse ES cells. The binding capability of the Seq2 phage could be matched with that of a chemically synthesized peptide with a sequence identical to that displayed by the phage, indicating that this ability was due to the peptide sequence itself. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that Seq2 phage selectively bound to the mouse ES cells but not to the differentiated mouse ES cells. Western blot analysis proved the Seq2 phage was bound to two mouse ES membrane proteins which were about 18/20KD, suggesting that the selected peptide targeted to a unique receptor expressed on the mouse ES cells with specificity. Peptides obtained from the study may provide a way to label, identify, and characterize ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijuan Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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7
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Scheller EL, Krebsbach PH, Kohn DH. Tissue engineering: state of the art in oral rehabilitation. J Oral Rehabil 2009; 36:368-89. [PMID: 19228277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.01939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
More than 85% of the global population requires repair or replacement of a craniofacial structure. These defects range from simple tooth decay to radical oncologic craniofacial resection. Regeneration of oral and craniofacial tissues presents a formidable challenge that requires synthesis of basic science, clinical science and engineering technology. Identification of appropriate scaffolds, cell sources and spatial and temporal signals (the tissue engineering triad) is necessary to optimize development of a single tissue, hybrid organ or interface. Furthermore, combining the understanding of the interactions between molecules of the extracellular matrix and attached cells with an understanding of the gene expression needed to induce differentiation and tissue growth will provide the design basis for translating basic science into rationally developed components of this tissue engineering triad. Dental tissue engineers are interested in regeneration of teeth, oral mucosa, salivary glands, bone and periodontium. Many of these oral structures are hybrid tissues. For example, engineering the periodontium requires growth of alveolar bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament. Recapitulation of biological development of hybrid tissues and interfaces presents a challenge that exceeds that of engineering just a single tissue. Advances made in dental interface engineering will allow these tissues to serve as model systems for engineering other tissues or organs of the body. This review will begin by covering basic tissue engineering principles and strategic design of functional biomaterials. We will then explore the impact of biomaterials design on the status of craniofacial tissue engineering and current challenges and opportunities in dental tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Scheller
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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8
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The adsorption of preferential binding peptides to apatite-based materials. Biomaterials 2008; 30:1287-98. [PMID: 19095299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to identify peptide sequences with high affinity to bone-like mineral (BLM) to provide alternative design methods for functional bone regeneration peptides. Adsorption of preferential binding peptide sequences on four apatite-based substrates [BLM and three sintered apatite disks pressed from powders containing 0% CO(3)(2-) (HA), 5.6% CO(3)(2-) (CA5), 10.5% CO(3)(2-) (CA10)] with varied compositions and morphologies was investigated. A combination of phage display, ELISA, and computational modeling was used to elucidate three 12-mer peptide sequences APWHLSSQYSRT (A), STLPIPHEFSRE (S), and VTKHLNQISQSY (V), from 243 candidates with preferential adsorption on BLM and HA. Overall, peptides S and V have a significantly higher adsorption to the apatite-based materials in comparison to peptide A (for S vs. A, BLM p=0.001, CA5 p<0.001, CA10 p<0.001, HA p=0.038; for V vs. A, BLM p=0.006, CA5 p=0.033, CA10 p=0.029). FT-IR analysis displayed carbonate levels in CA5 and CA10 dropped to approximately 1.1-2.2% after sintering, whereas SEM imaging displayed CA5 and CA10 possess distinct morphologies. Adsorption results normalized to surface area indicate that small changes in carbonate percentage at a similar morphological scale did not provide enough carbonate incorporation to show statistical differences in peptide adsorption. Because the identified peptides (S and V) have preferential binding to apatite, their use can now be investigated in bone and dentin tissue engineering, tendon and ligament repair, and enamel formation.
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9
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Federici T, Liu JK, Teng Q, Garrity-Moses M, Yang J, Boulis NM. Neuronal affinity of a C7C loop peptide identified through phage display. J Drug Target 2008; 14:263-71. [PMID: 16882546 DOI: 10.1080/10611860600763079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phage display is a promising tool for the screening of peptides with high affinity for specific cells. Here we describe a novel peptide with neuronal affinity isolated from a C7C library. We designed a two-tiered biopanning strategy initially selecting for ganglioside binding and subsequently selecting for binding to PC12 cells. At the completion of biopanning, 54.8% of phage clones bore the identical peptide (Tet.C7C.1). Immunofluorescence confirmed selective binding of this clone to differentiated PC12 cells. Tet.C7C.1 was synthesized and fluorescein conjugated. The synthetic peptide binds neuronal cell lines (SH-SY5Y, NSC-34 and PC12 cells) and tissue (DRG and spinal cord). The C7C structure creates a loop that minimizes the impact of peptide insertion on the confirmation of the recipient protein. Small loop peptides have the ideal characteristics for modification of viral vector capsids without undermining genome packaging. The neuronal binding properties of this peptide may be applied in the development of neurotropic viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Federici
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Segvich S, Biswas S, Becker U, Kohn DH. Identification of peptides with targeted adhesion to bone-like mineral via phage display and computational modeling. Cells Tissues Organs 2008; 189:245-51. [PMID: 18701808 DOI: 10.1159/000151380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges in engineering bone scaffolds reflect the complexity of bone as an organ. The organic-inorganic hybrid system design aims to provide signals within a conductive apatite layer to promote cell adhesion, proliferation and ultimately differentiation into bone tissue. Dual functioning peptides designed to specifically adhere to the apatite layer, while promoting cell adhesion via cell recognition sequences, may increase cell adhesion, leading to increased osteogenesis. The aim of this study is to identify peptide sequences with preferential adsorption towards apatite-based materials. Bone-like mineral films and hydroxyapatite disks were panned with a phage library to elucidate peptide sequences with favorable adsorption. Peptide sequences were analyzed using the web-based biotechnology tool RELIC and validated with a modified ELISA, in addition to being investigated using a newly developed method of high-throughput computational modeling. Peptides having the highest affinity and greatest potential to be incorporated into a dual functioning peptide design are APWHLSSQYSRT, VTKHLNQISQSY and STLPIPHEFSRE. These experiments provide a method of rationally designing peptides that adhere to apatite and that may improve bone tissue regeneration. This work also provides structure for investigating peptide/protein adsorption on apatite substrates with varied carbonate, or other impurity, content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Segvich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109-1078, USA
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11
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Aina OH, Liu R, Sutcliffe JL, Marik J, Pan CX, Lam KS. From Combinatorial Chemistry to Cancer-Targeting Peptides. Mol Pharm 2007; 4:631-51. [PMID: 17880166 DOI: 10.1021/mp700073y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several monoclonal antibodies that target cell surface receptors have gained approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and are widely used in the treatment of some cancers. These include but are not limited to the anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab, used in lymphoma treatment, as well as anti-HER-2 antibody for breast cancer therapy. The efficacy of this cancer immunotherapy modality is, however, limited by the large size of the antibody (160 kd) and its relatively nonspecific binding to the reticuloendothelial system. This latter property is particularly problematic if the antibody is used as a vehicle to deliver radionuclides, cytotoxic drugs, or toxins to the tumor site. Peptides, peptidomimetic, or small molecules are thus attractive as alternative cell surface targeting agents for cancer imaging and therapy. Cancer cell surface targeting peptides can be derived from known native peptide hormones such as somatostatin and bombesin, or they can be identified through screening combinatorial peptide libraries against unknown cell surface receptor targets. Phage-display peptide library and one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial library methods have been successfully used to discover peptides that target cancer cells or tumor blood vessel endothelial cells. The phage-display peptide library method, because of its biological nature, can only display l-amino acid peptides. In contrast, the OBOC combinatorial library method allows for bead-surface display of peptides that contain l-amino acids, d-amino acids, unnatural amino acids, or other organic moieties. We have successfully used the OBOC method to discover and optimize ligands against unique cell surface receptors of prostate cancer, T- and B-cell lymphoma, as well as ovarian and lung cancers, and we have used some of these peptides to image xenografts in nude mice with high specificity. Here, we (i) review the literature on the use of phage-display and OBOC combinatorial library methods to discover cancer and tumor blood vessel targeting ligands, and (ii) report on the use of an ovarian cancer targeting ligand, OA02, as an in vivo PET imaging probe in a xenograft model in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olulanu H Aina
- U.C. Davis Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Laumonier C, Segers J, Laurent S, Michel A, Coppée F, Belayew A, Elst LV, Muller RN. A new peptidic vector for molecular imaging of apoptosis, identified by phage display technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 11:537-45. [PMID: 16760366 DOI: 10.1177/1087057106288220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the cell surface is an early marker of apoptosis. To select PS binding peptides as vectors of contrast agents to image apoptosis, a phage library has been exposed to perfused mouse livers. Phages not retained on control livers during the first perfusions were used for selections on apoptotic livers in a second series of perfusions. Four selected phages were further evaluated for binding to PS-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates. They presented an apparent affinity constant (Ka app) for PS ranging from 6.08x10(10) M to 1.62x10(11)M. These phages did not bind to phosphatidylcholine, and competition with annexin V confirmed their specific interaction with PS. The phage with the highest affinity-bound PS in ELISA with a Ka app=(1.6+/-0.2)x10(11)M. It carried the TLVSSL peptide that was synthesized. Specific competition with annexin V and with the synthetic peptide was performed and confirms the specificity of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Laumonier
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons-Hainaut, Mons, Belgium
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Nanduri V, Sorokulova IB, Samoylov AM, Simonian AL, Petrenko VA, Vodyanoy V. Phage as a molecular recognition element in biosensors immobilized by physical adsorption. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:986-92. [PMID: 16730970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Revised: 03/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors based on landscape phages immobilized by physical adsorption on the surface of a quartz crystal microbalance was used for detection of beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The sensor had a detection limit of a few nanomoles and a response time of a approximately 100 s over the range of 0.003-210 nM. The binding dose-response curve had a typical sigmoid shape and the signal was saturated at the beta-galactosidase concentration of about 200 nM. A marked selectivity for beta-galactosidase over BSA was observed in mixed solutions even when the concentration of BSA exceeded the concentration of beta-galactosidase by a factor of approximately 2000. The apparent value of the dissociation constant (K(d)) of the interaction of free phage with beta-galactosidase (9.1+/-0.9 pM) was smaller compared with the one calculated for the bound phage (1.7+/-0.5 nM). The binding was specific with three binding sites needed to bind a single molecule of beta-galactosidase. The K(d) obtained from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the phage and the monoclonal anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies were 21+/-2 and 26+/-2 nM, respectively. Although the method of physical adsorption is simpler and more economical in comparison with Langmuir-Blodgett and molecular assembling methods the performances of the sensors made by these technologies compare well. This work provides evidence that phage can be used as a recognition element in biosensors using physical adsorption method for immobilization of phage on the sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswaprakash Nanduri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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McGuire MJ, Samli KN, Chang YC, Brown KC. Novel ligands for cancer diagnosis: Selection of peptide ligands for identification and isolation of B-cell lymphomas. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:443-52. [PMID: 16569591 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 12/18/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphoma and leukemia account for nearly 8% of cancer fatalities each year. Present treatments do not differentiate between normal and malignant cells. New reagents that distinguish malignant cells and enable the isolation of these cells from the normal background will enhance the molecular characterization of disease and specificity of treatment. METHODS Peptide ligands were selected from a phage-displayed peptide library by biopanning on the B-cell lymphoma line, A20. The isolated peptides were assessed as reagents for identification and isolation of lymphoma cells by flow cytometry and cell capture with magnetic beads. RESULTS Two novel peptides and one obtained previously on cardiomyocytes were selected. A20 cells bind phage displaying these peptides 250- to 450-fold over control phage. These phage bind to other bone marrow-derived cancel lines including some macrophage and T cells but do not bind to normal splenocytes. Synthetic constructs of these peptides have binding affinities comparable to B-cell-specific antibodies. Similar to antibodies, these peptides can be used in flow cytometry and magnetic bead capture to distinguish lymphoma cells from normal splenocytes. CONCLUSION Bone marrow-derived malignant cells express cell surface markers that can be used to distinguish them from normal cells. These results demonstrate the ability to use an unbiased screen to rapidly generate high-affinity peptide ligands for identification and isolation of lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McGuire
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA.
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Oyama T, Rombel IT, Samli KN, Zhou X, Brown KC. Isolation of multiple cell-binding ligands from different phage displayed-peptide libraries. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1867-75. [PMID: 16386888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A technical challenge in the development of biosensor devices for cancer detection and diagnosis is the identification of ligands that recognize cancer cells with high affinity and specificity. Furthermore, it is unlikely that one cell-binding ligand will provide sufficient biological information, thus, multiple ligands for a given cancer type will be needed for confident clinical diagnosis. Biopanning of phage displayed peptide libraries is a route to isolation of specific cell-binding reagents. A potential approach towards isolation of multiple ligands for a single cell type is to pan against the same cell type using different peptide libraries. Here we report the synthesis of a new 20-mer peptide-phage library and its use to select a peptide that binds to the large cell lung carcinoma cell line, H1299. The isolated phage clone binds H1299 cells 80 times better than a control phage and can distinguish between H1299 and normal control cells. The phage clone also binds to the lung pleura epidermoid cell line, Calu-1 but not to all lung carcinoma cell lines. The peptide is functional outside the context of the phage and tetramerization of the peptide on a trilysine core improves the affinity of the peptide. The tetrameric peptide can be used to deliver a fluorescent quantum dot to H1299 cells. Unexpectedly, the peptide shares sequence similarity to a previously isolated H1299-binding peptide isolated from a different 20-mer peptide library. Data suggests that the two peptides target the same cellular receptor. Our results imply that cell-based biopanning can isolate cell-binding ligands that may be of utility for cancer diagnosis, and isolation of cell-targeting peptides from different peptide libraries can expand the repertoire of cell-binding reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Oyama
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Building, Dallas, TX 75390-9185, USA
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Uchiyama F, Tanaka Y, Minari Y, Tokui N. Designing scaffolds of peptides for phage display libraries. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 99:448-56. [PMID: 16233816 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.99.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phage display is a powerful method for the discovery of peptide ligands that are used for analytical tools, drug discovery, and target validations. Phage display technology can produce a huge number of peptides and generate novel peptide ligands. Recently, phage display technology has successfully managed to create peptide ligands that bind to pharmaceutically difficult targets such as the erythropoietin receptor. As a result of the structural analysis of their ligands, we found that the conformational design of peptides in library is important for selecting high-affinity ligands that bind to every target from a phage peptide library. Key issues concern constraints on the conformation of peptides on the phage and the development of chemically synthesized peptides derived from peptides on phage. This review discusses studies related to the conformation of peptides selected from phage display peptide libraries in addition to the conversion from peptides to non-peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Uchiyama
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jounan-Ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan.
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17
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Liu JK, Teng Q, Garrity-Moses M, Federici T, Tanase D, Imperiale MJ, Boulis NM. A novel peptide defined through phage display for therapeutic protein and vector neuronal targeting. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 19:407-18. [PMID: 16023583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel peptide with the binding characteristics of tetanus toxin was identified with phage display, for application in therapeutic protein and vector motor and sensory neuron targeting. A 12mer phage library was biopanned on trisialoganglioside (G(T1b)) and eluted with the tetanus toxin C fragment (rTTC). Phage ELISAs revealed increases in G(T1b) binding for the Tet1 and Tet2 phage clones when compared to peptideless phage (PLP). rTTC displaced both Tet1 and Tet2 phage clones from G(T1b), and both clones reduced rTTC-G(T1b) binding. Comparison of Tet1, Tet2, PLP, and the random phage library binding to PC12 and HEK293 cells revealed enhanced cellular binding by Tet1 and Tet2 phage. Tet1 phage binding was selective for neurons. Immunofluorescence also confirmed selective PC12 binding of Tet1 and Tet2 phage. Fluorescein-conjugated synthetic Tet1, but not Tet2, peptide showed strong binding to cultured PC12, primary motor neurons, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. Synthetic Tet1 bound DRG and motor neurons but not muscle in tissue sections. The enhanced neuronal binding affinity and specificity of Tet1, a novel 12 amino acid peptide, suggests potential utility for targeting neurotherapeutic proteins and viral vectors in the treatment of motor neuron disease, neuropathy, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurological Restoration, NB2-126, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Eda S, Sherman IW. Selection of peptides recognized by human antibodies against the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Parasitology 2005; 130:1-11. [PMID: 15700752 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004006328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to identify mimotopes of the surface antigens of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (iRBC), antibodies were eluted from iRBC that had been treated with a pool of sera from malaria-infected individuals (IHS), and were used to screen a phage display library (PDL). After repeated panning of the PDL on immobilized antibodies, phage that selectively bound to IHS were accumulated. Of 23 randomly chosen clones that were sequenced, 13 individual sequences were detected at varying frequencies and 3 of the 13 sequences had homology with membrane proteins known to exist on iRBC. The majority of phage clones (7 out of 8 clones) selected after the 4th panning bound selectively to IgG in IHS. Specific binding of the selected phage to IgG in IHS was also confirmed using 24 IHS and 11 sera from uninfected individuals. One phage clone was the most frequently found in the sequenced clones after the 4th panning, and the binding of this clone to IgG in all IHS was greater than in any serum from uninfected individuals. A rabbit antiserum against the peptide expressed on the clone specifically recognized the surface of iRBC and resulted in iRBC haemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eda
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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