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Gao S, Wu J. Detection of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Infection in Plants Using DAS-ELISA and Dot-ELISA. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:253-261. [PMID: 34905208 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause severe damages to crop productions each year worldwide. To prevent the losses caused by plant viruses, it is necessary to develop specific and efficient diagnostic tools to detect viruses. Among the current virus detection techniques, serological detection methods are considered to be rapid, simple, sensitive, and high throughput. Therefore, serological detection methods such as double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), triple antibody sandwich ELISA (TAS-ELISA), antigen coated plate-ELISA (ACP-ELISA), Dot-ELISA and tissue print-ELISA as well as colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip are now wildly used to detect viruses in plants. In this chapter, we describe the DAS-ELISA and Dot-ELISA methods, and their applications in the detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection in plants. These two methods can be easily adapted for diagnosis of other plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Trolinger JC, McGovern RJ, Elmer WH, Rechcigl NA, Shoemaker CM. Diseases of Chrysanthemum. HANDBOOK OF PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39670-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hassani-Mehraban A, Westenberg M, Verhoeven JTJ, van de Vossenberg BTLH, Kormelink R, Roenhorst JW. Generic RT-PCR tests for detection and identification of tospoviruses. J Virol Methods 2016; 233:89-96. [PMID: 27036502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A set of tests for generic detection and identification of tospoviruses has been developed. Based on a multiple sequence alignment of the nucleocapsid gene and its 5' upstream untranslated region sequence from 28 different species, primers were designed for RT-PCR detection of tospoviruses from all recognized clades, i.e. the American, Asian and Eurasian clades, and from the small group of distinct and floating species. Pilot experiments on isolates from twenty different species showed that the designed primer sets successfully detected all species by RT-PCR, as confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplicons. In a final optimized design, the primers were applied in a setting of five RT-PCR tests. Seven different tospoviruses were successfully identified from diagnostic samples and in addition a non-described tospovirus species from alstroemeria plants. The results demonstrate that the newly developed generic RT-PCR tests provide a relevant tool for broad detection and identification of tospoviruses in plant quarantine and diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hassani-Mehraban
- National Plant Protection Organization, National Reference Centre, Geertjesweg 15, P.O. Box 9102, 6700HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Westenberg
- National Plant Protection Organization, National Reference Centre, Geertjesweg 15, P.O. Box 9102, 6700HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J T J Verhoeven
- National Plant Protection Organization, National Reference Centre, Geertjesweg 15, P.O. Box 9102, 6700HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - B T L H van de Vossenberg
- National Plant Protection Organization, National Reference Centre, Geertjesweg 15, P.O. Box 9102, 6700HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W Roenhorst
- National Plant Protection Organization, National Reference Centre, Geertjesweg 15, P.O. Box 9102, 6700HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Charoenvilaisiri S, Seepiban C, Bhunchoth A, Warin N, Luxananil P, Gajanandana O. Development of a multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA to identify four distinct species of tospovirus. J Virol Methods 2014; 202:54-63. [PMID: 24642237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA was developed to detect and differentiate four tospovirus species found in Thailand, namely Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), Tomato necrotic ringspot virus (TNRV), and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). In this system, nucleocapsid (N) gene fragments of four tospoviruses were simultaneously amplified and labeled with digoxigenin (DIG) in a single RT-PCR reaction using a pair of degenerate primers binding to the same conserved regions in all four tospovirus N genes. The DIG-labeled amplicons were distinguished into species by four parallel hybridizations to species-specific biotinylated probes in streptavidin-coated microtiter wells followed by ELISA detection using a peroxidase-conjugated anti-DIG antibody. Results indicated that the multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA assay could specifically identify each of these four tospoviruses without cross-reactivity between species or reactivity to healthy plant negative controls. Assay sensitivity was 10- to 1000-fold higher than conventional RT-PCR. When applied to naturally infected plants, all samples yielded concordant results between RT-PCR-ELISA and the reference RT-PCR. In conclusion, the multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA developed in this study has superior specificity, sensitivity, and high-throughput capacity compared to conventional RT-PCR and is an attractive alternative for the identification of different tospovirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saengsoon Charoenvilaisiri
- Monoclonal Antibody Production Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Channarong Seepiban
- Monoclonal Antibody Production Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anjana Bhunchoth
- Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kamphaengsaen, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Nuchnard Warin
- Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kamphaengsaen, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Plearnpis Luxananil
- Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory, Bioresource Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Oraprapai Gajanandana
- Monoclonal Antibody Production Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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5
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Chen X, Xu X, Li Y, Liu Y. Development of a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay for detection of Impatiens necrotic spot virus. J Virol Methods 2013; 189:299-304. [PMID: 23466630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) is an important plant virus that can cause severe disease in various ornamental and agricultural crops. Several species of thrips transmit INSV, of which the western flower thrip (Frankliniella occidentalis) is the most important. In this study, primers and TaqMan probes based on INSV non-structural protein gene sequences were designed, and a technique was developed for detecting INSV using fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. The reproducibility, specificity and sensitivity for the RT-PCR were evaluated; and the RT-PCR method was developed to detect INSV in the host plants and western flower thrips. A standard curve constructed by a series of diluted plasmid DNA gave a good linear relationship between Ct value and concentration of plasmid DNA, a low coefficient of variation and good reproducibility. The detection method not only measured quantitatively the concentration of INSV in plant hosts and western flower thrips, but also measured accurately low concentrations of the virus. The measurable concentration fell to as low as 10⁰ copies/μl, while RT-PCR could detect only 10² copies/μl. The method had high specificity and could distinguish INSV from Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV), both from the same genus of viruses. This is the first report of the same method being used to detect INSV in both plant hosts and western flower thrips, and should be helpful in studies of INSV epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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6
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Nischwitz C, Srinivasan R, Sundaraj S, Mullis SW, McInnes B, Gitaitis RD. Geographical Distribution and Survival of Iris yellow spot virus in Spiny Sowthistle, Sonchus asper, in Georgia. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:1165-1171. [PMID: 30727052 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-11-0747-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) has occurred in Georgia since 2003. IYSV is transmitted by onion thrips, Thrips tabaci. During a weed survey in the Vidalia onion-growing zone (VOZ), spiny sowthistle (Sonchus asper) was identified as a host for IYSV. Spiny sowthistle is widespread in Georgia, and this presented an opportunity to study the natural spread of IYSV and assess its potential role in IYSV epidemiology. From 2007 to 2009, during the spring season, 2,011 sowthistle samples were collected from various counties within and outside the VOZ. The samples were tested for IYSV infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. IYSV sequences from sowthistle were 98 to 99% identical to onion IYSV sequences from onion originated from Georgia. By the third year, IYSV-infected sowthistle plants were found in 79% of the counties in the VOZ and in 61% of the sampled counties in all directions, except to the east of the VOZ. Furthermore, thrips-mediated transmission assays confirmed that T. tabaci can efficiently transmit IYSV from onion to sowthistle. Sowthistle also supported T. tabaci survival and reproduction. These findings demonstrate that sowthistle plants can serve as an IYSV inoculum source and as a thrips reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nischwitz
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | | | | | - S W Mullis
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793-0748
| | | | - R D Gitaitis
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton
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7
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Dai J, Cheng J, Huang T, Zheng X, Wu Y. A multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay for simultaneous detection of five tobacco viruses in tobacco plants. J Virol Methods 2012; 183:57-62. [PMID: 22484613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco viruses including Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco etch virus (TEV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) are major viruses infecting tobacco and can cause serious crop losses. A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to detect simultaneously and differentiate all five viruses. The system used specific primer sets for each virus producing five distinct fragments 237, 273, 347, 456 and 547 bp, representing TMV, CMV subgroup I, TEV, PVY(O) and TVBMV, respectively. These primers were used for detection of the different viruses by single PCR and multiplex PCR and the results were confirmed by DNA sequencing analysis. The protocol was used to detect viruses from different parts of China. The simultaneous and sensitive detection of different viruses using the multiplex PCR is more efficient and economical than other conventional methods for tobacco virus detection. This multiplex PCR provides a rapid and reliable method for the detection and identification of major tobacco viruses, and will be useful for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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8
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Wei T, Pearson MN, Blohm D, Nölte M, Armstrong K. Development of a short oligonucleotide microarray for the detection and identification of multiple potyviruses. J Virol Methods 2009; 162:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Pappu HR, Druffel KL. Use of conserved genomic regions and degenerate primers in a PCR-based assay for the detection of members of the genus Caulimovirus. J Virol Methods 2009; 157:102-4. [PMID: 19100290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genus Caulimovirus consists of several distinct virus species with a double-stranded DNA genome that infect diverse plant species. A comparative analysis of the sequences of known Caulimovirus species revealed two regions that are conserved in all Caulimovirus species with the exception of Strawberry vein banding virus. Degenerate primers based on these two regions were designed and tested in a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for broad spectrum detection of members of this genus. Cauliflower mosaic virus, Figwort mosaic virus and three distinct caulimoviruses associated with dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) were used to show the utility of this test in detecting diverse caulimoviruses. The primer pair gave an amplicon of expected size (840bp). Amplicons from each virus were cloned and sequenced to verify their identity. The primer pair and the PCR assay provide approach for the broad spectrum detection of several members of the genus Caulimovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, PO Box 646430, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA.
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Golnaraghi AR, Pourrahim R, Ahoonmanesh A, Zamani-Zadeh HR, Farzadfar S. Detection and Characterization of a Distinct Isolate of Tomato yellow fruit ring virus from Potato. PLANT DISEASE 2008; 92:1280-1287. [PMID: 30769447 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-9-1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A distinct isolate (TY-PF36) of Tomato yellow fruit ring virus (TYFRV) was obtained from potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Iran. Chlorosis and necrotic spots on leaves associated with leaf and stem necrosis symptoms appear on the affected plants. Of 32 plant species and cultivars mechanically inoculated, 24 were susceptible to the virus isolate. The isolate strongly reacted with TYFRV antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but not with the specific antibodies of other tospoviruses tested. TYFRV-specific N gene primers described previously, however, failed to produce DNA fragments from the total RNA extracts of the infected plants in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nucleotide sequencing of the complete N gene and partial L gene of this isolate revealed considerable differences to those reported for TYFRV with identities ranging from 83.9 to 84.2% and 84.9 to 85.4%, respectively. Two specific primers were designed for detecting TY-PF36 using RT-PCR; TY-PF36 was detected in symptomatic field samples of potato, peanut, soybean, and two weed species, Datura metel and D. stramonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Golnaraghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Pourrahim
- Department of Plant Virology, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ahoonmanesh
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Esfahan University of Technology, Esfahan, Iran
| | - H R Zamani-Zadeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sh Farzadfar
- Department of Plant Virology, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Duplex — reverse transcription — polymerase chain reaction (D-RT-PCR)-a technique for the simultaneous detection of viruses causing sugarcane mosaic. SUGAR TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12355-008-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Deb M, Anderson JM. Development of a multiplexed PCR detection method for Barley and Cereal yellow dwarf viruses, Wheat spindle streak virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus. J Virol Methods 2007; 148:17-24. [PMID: 18063125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Barley and Cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDVs), Wheat spindle streak mosaic (WSSMV), Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) constitute the most economically important group of wheat viruses. In this paper, a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (M-RT-PCR) method was developed for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of eight viruses: five strains of B/CYDVs, WSSMV, SBWMV and WSMV. The protocol uses specific primer sets for each virus producing five distinct fragments 295, 175, 400, 237, and 365 bp, indicating the presence of two strains of BYDVs, -PAV, -MAV, CYDV-RPV and two unassigned Luteoviridae BYDV-SGV and -RMV, respectively. This system also readily detected WSSMV, SBWMV and WSMV specific amplicons at 154, 219 and 193 bp, respectively. The amplification specificity of these primers was tested against a range of field samples from different parts of United States. The protocol also utilizes fluorescently tagged primers that can streamline the detection of each virus through capillary electrophoresis. This study fulfills the need for a rapid and specific wheat virus diagnostic tool that also has the potential for investigating the epidemiology of these viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Deb
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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Gent DH, du Toit LJ, Fichtner SF, Mohan SK, Pappu HR, Schwartz HF. Iris yellow spot virus: An Emerging Threat to Onion Bulb and Seed Production. PLANT DISEASE 2006; 90:1468-1480. [PMID: 30780964 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David H Gent
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Lindsey J du Toit
- Washington State University, Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Mount Vernon
| | | | - S Krishna Mohan
- University of Idaho, Parma Research and Extension Center, Parma
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Smith TN, Wylie SJ, Coutts BA, Jones RAC. Localized Distribution of Iris yellow spot virus Within Leeks and Its Reliable Large-Scale Detection. PLANT DISEASE 2006; 90:729-733. [PMID: 30781231 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In a survey to determine the incidence of Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) in crops of several host species, samples of one leaf tip/plant were collected at random. When tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using IYSV-specific antibodies and a blocking step that improved test reliability, the virus was detected only in leek and onion. It was found in 11 of 21 leek and 2 of 26 onion plantings with apparent incidences of 1 to 7 and 1%, respectively. However, the figures for leek crops greatly underestimate IYSV incidence due to localization of infection within plants. Thus, in tests on multiple subsections from individual plants, IYSV was detected in one or more leaves but never in all leaves. Within infected leaves, it was localized in patches of infection found mainly in the middle and top subsections of the unfurled leaves, but infrequently in their bases. It never was found in the furled leaves that make up the stems, or in the basal plates or roots. Therefore, to obtain reliable estimates of IYSV incidences in largescale surveys of leek crops, the randomly collected samples tested by ELISA should consist of combined tissue subsections from the tops and middles of several leaves from each plant sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey N Smith
- Plant Pathology Section, Department of Agriculture, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA 6983, Australia, and Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wylie
- Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia, and Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre
| | | | - Roger A C Jones
- Plant Pathology Section, Department of Agriculture, Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia, and Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre
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Uga H, Tsuda S. A one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction system for the simultaneous detection and identification of multiple tospovirus infections. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2005; 95:166-71. [PMID: 18943986 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-95-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method has been developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of multiple tospoviruses that infect plants. The RT-PCR system is composed of six primers in a single tube: a universal degenerate primer and five virus species-specific primers. Amplifications resulted in an 848-bp PCR product for Watermelon silver mottle virus, 709-bp for Tomato spotted wilt virus, 589-bp for Impatiens necrotic spot virus, 511-bp for Melon yellow spot virus, and a 459-bp amplicon for Iris yellow spot virus. This system enables the simultaneous detection of at least three types of tospovirus infections, in addition to their species identities, from five possible tospoviruses studied, on the basis of their S RNA combinations. This multiplex RT-PCR system was applied to the detection of tospovirus in ornamental crops cultivated in fields and shows potential for epidemiological studies.
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Fukuta S, Ohishi K, Yoshida K, Mizukami Y, Ishida A, Kanbe M. Development of immunocapture reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus from chrysanthemum. J Virol Methods 2004; 121:49-55. [PMID: 15350732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An immunocapture reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (IC/RT-LAMP) was developed for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from chrysanthemum. This method enabled sensitive, reproducible and specific detection of TSWV from chrysanthemum plants. In the RT-LAMP method, TSWV genomic RNA could be amplified under isothermal (65 degrees C) conditions within 1 h. The resulting amplicons were detected by the measurement or observation of the turbidity of the reaction mixture without gel electrophoresis. IC/RT-LAMP was 100 times more sensitive than IC/RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Fukuta
- Aichi Prefecture Agricultural Research Center, 1-1 Sagamine, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1193, Japan.
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17
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Seng EK, Fang Q, Lam TJ, Sin YM. Development of a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic assay for fish Aquareovirus based on RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2004; 118:111-22. [PMID: 15081606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Revised: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and highly specific detection method for Aquareovirus based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed. Based on multiple sequence alignment of the cloned sequences of a local isolates, the Threadfin reovirus (TFV) and Guppy reovirus (GPV) with Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), a pair of degenerate primers was selected carefully and synthesized. Using this primer combination, only one specific product, approximately 450 bp in length was obtained when RT-PCR was carried out using the genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of TFV, GPV and GCRV. Similar results were also obtained when Chum salmon reovirus (CSRV) and Striped bass reovirus (SBRV) dsRNA were used as templates. No products were observed when nucleic acids other than the dsRNA of the aquareoviruses described above were used as RT-PCR templates. This technique could detect not only TFV but also GPV and GCRV in low titer virus-infected cell cultured cells. Furthermore, this method has also been shown to be able to diagnose GPV-infected guppy (Poecilia reticulata) that exhibit clinical symptoms as well as GPV-carrier guppy. Collectively, these results showed that the RT-PCR amplification method using specific degenerate primers described below is very useful for rapid and accurate detection of a variety of aquareovirus strains isolated from different host species and origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Seng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block S1A, 05-02 Virology Lab, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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López MM, Bertolini E, Olmos A, Caruso P, Gorris MT, Llop P, Penyalver R, Cambra M. Innovative tools for detection of plant pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Int Microbiol 2003; 6:233-43. [PMID: 13680391 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-003-0143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Accepted: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detection of harmful viruses and bacteria in plant material, vectors or natural reservoirs is essential to ensure safe and sustainable agriculture. The techniques available have evolved significantly in the last few years to achieve rapid and reliable detection of pathogens, extraction of the target from the sample being important for optimising detection. For viruses, sample preparation has been simplified by imprinting or squashing plant material or insect vectors onto membranes. To improve the sensitivity of techniques for bacterial detection, a prior enrichment step in liquid or solid medium is advised. Serological and molecular techniques are currently the most appropriate when high numbers of samples need to be analysed. Specific monoclonal and/or recombinant antibodies are available for many plant pathogens and have contributed to the specificity of serological detection. Molecular detection can be optimised through the automatic purification of nucleic acids from pathogens by columns or robotics. New variants of PCR, such as simple or multiplex nested PCR in a single closed tube, co-operative-PCR and real-time monitoring of amplicons or quantitative PCR, allow high sensitivity in the detection of one or several pathogens in a single assay. The latest development in the analysis of nucleic acids is micro-array technology, but it requires generic DNA/RNA extraction and pre-amplification methods to increase detection sensitivity. The advances in research that will result from the sequencing of many plant pathogen genomes, especially now in the era of proteomics, represent a new source of information for the future development of sensitive and specific detection techniques for these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M López
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Apartado Oficial. 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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Mason G, Roggero P, Tavella L. Detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in its vector Frankliniella occidentalis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 2003; 109:69-73. [PMID: 12668270 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(03)00048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A method for rapid and reliable detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Tospovirus, Bunyaviridae) in its vector Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera Thripidae) would be a useful tool for studying the epidemiology of this virus. A RT-PCR method developed for this purpose is reported. The method was tested on thrips involved in laboratory transmission trials and on thrips collected in the field, whose capability to transmit TSWV was checked previously by leaf disk assays. The RT-PCR results were consistent with the results obtained by the leaf disk assays. Among thrips involved in laboratory experiments, 97% of the adults that transmitted TSWV were positive by RT-PCR; as did some non-transmitter adults reacted, whereas among field-collected thrips only the individuals able to transmit were positive by RT-PCR. In addition, healthy thrips were allowed to feed as adults on virus-infected leaves for 48 h, and then examined by RT-PCR immediately or after starving or feeding on virus-free plants for various times, to determine if virus ingested (but not transmissible) was also detectable. The virus was detectable immediately after the feed or within 12 and 24 h for individuals starved or fed on virus-free plants, respectively, but not after those periods. Thus, the method could detect rapidly and reliably the virus in vectors from the field, providing 24 h of starving to avoid positive RT-PCR results from thrips simply carrying the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mason
- Di Va P R A Entomologia e Zoologia applicate all'Ambiente 'Carlo Vidano', University of Turin, V L da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Bertolini E, Olmos A, López MM, Cambra M. Multiplex Nested Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction in a Single Tube for Sensitive and Simultaneous Detection of Four RNA Viruses and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in Olive Trees. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2003; 93:286-292. [PMID: 18944338 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2003.93.3.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A multiplex nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a single closed tube was developed for the simultaneous detection of four RNA viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus, Cherry leaf roll virus, Strawberry latent ringspot virus, and Arabis mosaic virus, and the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. The method enabled, for the first time, the sensitive and simultaneous detection of RNA and DNA targets from plant viruses and a bacterium, saving time, decreasing risks of contamination, and reducing costs compared with conventional monospecific nested amplifications. The method was successfully coupled with colorimetric detection of amplicons using specific oligoprobes to simplify routine detection. Two hundred forty-five olive trees from 15 different cultivars were analyzed by multiplex RT-nested PCR coupled with colorimetric detection. Multiplex nested RT-PCR for viral detection increased the identification of positive trees by 8.1%. An uneven distribution of the viruses was observed in the infected trees. The bacterium was detected in 28.7% of the analyzed trees by the developed multiplex nested method and by a nested PCR previously developed. This powerful methodology could be applied to other models for the detection of several pathogens in a single assay.
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