1
|
Yuan B, Liu Y, Lv M, Sui Y, Hou S, Yang T, Belhadj Z, Zhou Y, Chang N, Ren Y, Sun C. Virus-like particle-based nanocarriers as an emerging platform for drug delivery. J Drug Target 2023; 31:433-455. [PMID: 36940208 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2193358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
New nanocarrier technologies are emerging, and they have great potential for improving drug delivery, targeting efficiency, and bioavailability. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are natural nanoparticles from animal and plant viruses and bacteriophages. Hence, VLPs present several great advantages, such as morphological uniformity, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and easy functionalisation. VLPs can deliver many active ingredients to the target tissue and have great potential as a nanocarrier to overcome the limitations associated with other nanoparticles. This review will focus primarily on the construction and applications of VLPs, particularly as a novel nanocarrier to deliver active ingredients. Herein, the main methods for the construction, purification, and characterisation of VLPs, as well as various VLP-based materials used in delivery systems are summarised. The biological distribution of VLPs in drug delivery, phagocyte-mediated clearance, and toxicity are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yilei Sui
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shenghua Hou
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tinghui Yang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zakia Belhadj
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Naidan Chang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, tianjin, 300000, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martino ML, Crooke SN, Manchester M, Finn MG. Single-Point Mutations in Qβ Virus-like Particles Change Binding to Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3332-3341. [PMID: 34251176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute large, polyvalent platforms onto which a wide variety of functional units can be grafted. Their use in biological settings often depends on their specific binding to cells or receptors of interest; this can be compromised by excessive nonspecific association with other cells. We found that lysine residues mediate such nonspecific interactions, presumably by virtue of protonation and interaction with anionic membrane lipid headgroups and/or complementary residues of cell surface proteins and polysaccharides. Chemical acylation of surface-exposed amines of the Qβ VLP led to a significant reduction in the association of particles with mammalian cells. Single-point mutations of particular lysine residues to either glutamine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, or phenylalanine were mostly well-tolerated and formed intact capsids, but the introduction of double and triple mutants was far less forgiving. Introduction of glutamic acid at position 13 (K13E) led to a dramatic increase in cellular binding, whereas removal of the lysine at position 46 (K46Q) led to an equally striking reduction. Several plasma membrane components were found to specifically interact with the Qβ capsid irrespective of surface charge. These results suggest that specific cellular interactions are engaged or obviated by such mutations and provide us with more "benign" particles to which can be added binding functionality for targeted delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martino
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stephen N Crooke
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - M G Finn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Killian T, Buntz A, Herlet T, Seul H, Mundigl O, Längst G, Brinkmann U. Antibody-targeted chromatin enables effective intracellular delivery and functionality of CRISPR/Cas9 expression plasmids. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e55. [PMID: 30809660 PMCID: PMC6547418 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a novel system for efficient and specific targeted delivery of large nucleic acids to and into cells. Plasmid DNA and core histones were assembled to chromatin by salt gradient dialysis and subsequently connected to bispecific antibody derivatives (bsAbs) via a nucleic acid binding peptide bridge. The resulting reconstituted vehicles termed 'plasmid-chromatin' deliver packaged nucleic acids to and into cells expressing antigens that are recognized by the bsAb, enabling intracellular functionality without detectable cytotoxicity. High efficiency of intracellular nucleic acid delivery is revealed by intracellular expression of plasmid encoded genes in most (∼90%) target cells to which the vehicles were applied under normal growth/medium conditions in nanomolar concentrations. Specific targeting, uptake and transgene expression depends on antibody-mediated cell surface binding: plasmid chromatin of identical composition but with non-targeting bsAbs or without bsAbs is ineffective. Examples that demonstrate applicability, specificity and efficacy of antibody-targeted plasmid chromatin include reporter gene constructs as well as plasmids that enable CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing of target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Killian
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Therapeutic Modalities - Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Annette Buntz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Therapeutic Modalities - Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Herlet
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Therapeutic Modalities - Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Heike Seul
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Therapeutic Modalities - Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Mundigl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Therapeutic Modalities - Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Biochemistry III; Biochemistry Centre Regensburg (BCR), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Therapeutic Modalities - Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Slivac I, Guay D, Mangion M, Champeil J, Gaillet B. Non-viral nucleic acid delivery methods. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:105-118. [PMID: 27740858 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1248941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delivery of nucleic acid-based molecules in human cells is a highly studied approach for the treatment of several disorders including monogenic diseases and cancers. Non-viral vectors for DNA and RNA transfer, although in general less efficient than virus-based systems, are particularly well adapted mostly due to the absence of biosafety concerns. Non-viral methods could be classified in two main groups: physical and vector-assisted delivery systems. Both groups comprise several different methods, none of them universally applicable. The choice of the optimal method depends on the predefined objectives and the features of targeted micro-environment. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss non-viral techniques and present recent therapeutic achievements in ex vivo and in vivo nucleic acid delivery by most commonly used techniques while emphasizing the role of 'biological particles', namely peptide transduction domains, virus like particles, gesicles and exosomes. Expert opinion: The number of available non-viral transfection techniques used for human therapy increased rapidly, followed by still moderate success in efficacy. The prospects are to be found in design of multifunctional hybrid systems that reflect the viral efficiency. In this respect, biological particles are very promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Slivac
- a Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - David Guay
- b Feldan Therapeutics, Rideau , Quebec , Canada
| | - Mathias Mangion
- c Chemical engineering Department , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Juliette Champeil
- c Chemical engineering Department , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- c Chemical engineering Department , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teunissen EA, de Raad M, Mastrobattista E. Production and biomedical applications of virus-like particles derived from polyomaviruses. J Control Release 2013; 172:305-321. [PMID: 23999392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs), aggregates of capsid proteins devoid of viral genetic material, show great promise in the fields of vaccine development and gene therapy. These particles spontaneously self-assemble after heterologous expression of viral structural proteins. This review will focus on the use of virus-like particles derived from polyomavirus capsid proteins. Since their first recombinant production 27 years ago these particles have been investigated for a myriad of biomedical applications. These virus-like particles are safe, easy to produce, can be loaded with a broad range of diverse cargoes and can be tailored for specific delivery or epitope presentation. We will highlight the structural characteristics of polyomavirus-derived VLPs and give an overview of their applications in diagnostics, vaccine development and gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Teunissen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus de Raad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Simon C, Schaepe S, Breunig K, Lilie H. PRODUCTION OF POLYOMAVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES IN AKlgal80KNOCKOUT STRAIN OF THE YEASTKluyveromyces lactis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 43:217-35. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2012.750613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
Pushko P, Pumpens P, Grens E. Development of Virus-Like Particle Technology from Small Highly Symmetric to Large Complex Virus-Like Particle Structures. Intervirology 2013; 56:141-65. [DOI: 10.1159/000346773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
8
|
Jahns AC, Rehm BHA. Relevant uses of surface proteins--display on self-organized biological structures. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 5:188-202. [PMID: 21906264 PMCID: PMC3815779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are often found attached to surfaces of self‐assembling biological units such as whole microbial cells or subcellular structures, e.g. intracellular inclusions. In the last two decades surface proteins were identified that could serve as anchors for the display of foreign protein functions. Extensive protein engineering based on structure–function data enabled efficient display of technically and/or medically relevant protein functions. Small size, diversity of the anchor protein as well as support structure, genetic manipulability and controlled cultivation of phages, bacterial cells and yeasts contributed to the establishment of designed and specifically functionalized tools for applications as sensors, catalysis, biomedicine, vaccine development and library‐based screening technologies. Traditionally, phage display is employed for library screening but applications in biomedicine and vaccine development are also perceived. For some diagnostic purposes phages are even too small in size so other carrier materials where needed and gave way for cell and yeast display. Only recently, intracellular inclusions such as magnetosomes, polyhydroxyalkanoate granules and lipid bodies were conceived as stable subcellular structures enabling the display of foreign protein functions and showing potential as specific and tailor‐made devices for medical and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika C Jahns
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Domingo-Espín J, Unzueta U, Saccardo P, Rodríguez-Carmona E, Corchero JL, Vázquez E, Ferrer-Miralles N. Engineered biological entities for drug delivery and gene therapy protein nanoparticles. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:247-98. [PMID: 22093221 PMCID: PMC7173510 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of genetic engineering techniques has speeded up the growth of the biotechnological industry, resulting in a significant increase in the number of recombinant protein products on the market. The deep knowledge of protein function, structure, biological interactions, and the possibility to design new polypeptides with desired biological activities have been the main factors involved in the increase of intensive research and preclinical and clinical approaches. Consequently, new biological entities with added value for innovative medicines such as increased stability, improved targeting, and reduced toxicity, among others have been obtained. Proteins are complex nanoparticles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers when complex supramolecular interactions occur, as for example, in viral capsids. However, even though protein production is a delicate process that imposes the use of sophisticated analytical methods and negative secondary effects have been detected in some cases as immune and inflammatory reactions, the great potential of biodegradable and tunable protein nanoparticles indicates that protein-based biotechnological products are expected to increase in the years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domingo-Espín
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Saccardo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Escarlata Rodríguez-Carmona
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Corchero
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li F, Li K, Cui ZQ, Zhang ZP, Wei HP, Gao D, Deng JY, Zhang XE. Viral coat proteins as flexible nano-building-blocks for nanoparticle encapsulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2301-2308. [PMID: 20842665 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Viral capsid-nanoparticle hybrid structures offer new opportunities for nanobiotechnology. We previously generated virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) of simian virus 40 (SV40) containing quantum dots (QDs) for cellular imaging. However, as an interesting issue of nano-bio interfaces, the mechanism of nanoparticle (NP) encapsulation by viral coat proteins remains unclear. Here, four kinds of QDs with the same core/shell but different surface coatings are tested for encapsulation. All the QDs can be encapsulated efficiently and there is no correlation between the encapsulation efficiency and the surface charge of the QDs. All the SV40 VNPs encapsulating differently modified QDs show similar structures, fluorescence properties, and activity in entering living cells. These results demonstrate the flexibility of SV40 major capsid protein VP1 in NP encapsulation and provide new clues to the mechanism of NP packaging by viral shells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bergelt S, Frost S, Lilie H. Listeriolysin O as cytotoxic component of an immunotoxin. Protein Sci 2009; 18:1210-20. [PMID: 19472336 DOI: 10.1002/pro.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed over the past years as promising anticancer therapeutics. The conjugation of tumor specific mAbs with cytotoxic molecules has been shown to improve their efficacy dramatically. These bifunctional immunotoxins, consisting of covalently linked antibodies and protein toxins, possess considerable potential in cancer therapy. Many of them are under investigation in clinical trials. As a result of general interest in new toxic components, we describe here the suitability of the bacterial protein Listeriolysin O (LLO) as cytotoxic component of an immunotoxin. Unique characteristics of LLO, such as its acidic pH optimum and the possibility to regulate the cytolytic activity by cysteine-oxidation, make LLO an interesting toxophore. Oxidized LLO shows a substantially decreased cytolytic activity when compared with the reduced protein as analyzed by hemolysis. Both oxidized and reduced LLO exhibit a cell-type-unspecific toxicity in cell culture with a significantly higher toxicity of reduced LLO. For cell-type-specific targeting of LLO to tumor cells, LLO was coupled to the dsFv fragment of the monoclonal antibody B3, which recognizes the tumor-antigen Lewis Y. The coupling of LLO to dsFv-B3 was performed via cysteine-containing polyionic fusion peptides that act as a specific heterodimerization motif. The novel immunotoxin B3-LLO could be shown to specifically eliminate antigen positive MCF7 cells with an EC(50) value of 2.3 nM, whereas antigen negative cell lines were 80- to 250-fold less sensitive towards B3-LLO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bergelt
- Institute of Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Strasse 3, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Gene therapy covers a broad spectrum of applications, from gene replacement and knockdown for genetic or acquired diseases such as cancer, to vaccination, each with different requirements for gene delivery. Viral vectors and synthetic liposomes have emerged as the vehicles of choice for many applications today, but both have limitations and risks, including complexity of production, limited packaging capacity, and unfavorable immunological features, which restrict gene therapy applications and hold back the potential for preventive gene therapy. While continuing to improve these vectors, it is important to investigate other options, particularly nonviral biological agents which include bacteria, bacteriophage, virus-like particles (VLPs), erythrocyte ghosts, and exosomes. Exploiting the natural properties of these biological entities for specific gene delivery applications will expand the repertoire of gene therapy vectors available for clinical use. Here, we review the prospects for nonviral biological delivery vehicles as gene therapy agents with focus on their unique evolved biological properties and respective limitations and potential applications. The potential of these nonviral biological entities to act as clinical gene therapy delivery vehicles has already been shown in clinical trials using bacteria-mediated gene transfer and with sufficient development, these entities will complement the established delivery techniques for gene therapy applications.
Collapse
|
14
|
Takahashi RU, Kanesashi SN, Inoue T, Enomoto T, Kawano MA, Tsukamoto H, Takeshita F, Imai T, Ochiya T, Kataoka K, Yamaguchi Y, Handa H. Presentation of functional foreign peptides on the surface of SV40 virus-like particles. J Biotechnol 2008; 135:385-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Garcea RL, Gissmann L. Virus-like particles as vaccines and vessels for the delivery of small molecules. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2005; 15:513-7. [PMID: 15560977 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) structurally mimic the viral capsid and have therefore been extensively, and quite successfully, used as vaccine and viral serology reagents. The ability of VLPs to include nucleic acids and small molecules has also made them novel vessels for gene and drug delivery. The regular, repetitive surface of VLPs has been exploited as a template for nanoscale synthesis. Recent progress has been made in the development of several virus models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Garcea
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Palucha A, Loniewska A, Satheshkumar S, Boguszewska-Chachulska AM, Umashankar M, Milner M, Haenni AL, Savithri HS. Virus-like particles: models for assembly studies and foreign epitope carriers. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 80:135-68. [PMID: 16164974 PMCID: PMC7119358 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(05)80004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Virus‐like particles (VLPs), formed by the structural elements of viruses, have received considerable attention over the past two decades. The number of reports on newly obtained VLPs has grown proportionally with the systems developed for the expression of these particles. The chapter outlines the recent achievements in two important fields of research brought about by the availability of VLPs produced in a foreign host. These are: (1) The requirements for VLP assembly and (2) the use of VLPs as carriers for foreign epitopes. VLP technology is a rapidly advancing domain of molecular and structural biology. Extensive progress in VLP studies was achieved as the insect cell based protein production system was developed. This baculovirus expression system has many advantages for the synthesis of viral structural proteins resulting in the formation of VLPs. It allows production of large amounts of correctly folded proteins while also providing cell membranes that can serve as structural elements for enveloped viruses. These features give us the opportunity to gain insights into the interactions and requirements accompanying VLP formation that are similar to the assembly events occurring in mammalian cells. Other encouraging elements are the ability to easily scale up the system and the simplicity of purification of the assembled VLPs. The growing number of VLPs carrying foreign protein fragments on their surface and studies on the successful assembly of these chimeric molecules is a promising avenue towards the development of a new technology, in which the newly designed VLPs will be directed to particular mammalian cell types by exposing specific binding domains. The progress made in modeling the surface of VLPs makes them to date the best candidates for the design of delivery systems that can efficiently reach their targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Palucha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kleinschmidt M, Rudolph R, Lilie H. Design of a modular immunotoxin connected by polyionic adapter peptides. J Mol Biol 2003; 327:445-52. [PMID: 12628249 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunotoxins are genetically engineered fusion proteins of an antibody Fv fragment and a toxin from bacteria or plants, which function as anti-cancer therapeutics. Here, we describe a new generation of immunotoxins in which both proteins do not form a single fusion protein but are coupled specifically via cysteine-containing polyionic fusion peptides. The engineered Pseudomonas exotoxin PE38 was N-terminally fused to the peptide E(8)C. In combination with the disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment of the tumor-specific antibody B3, which was extended by the peptide R(8)CP, the fusion peptides ensured a specific and covalent coupling of the Fv fragment and the toxin. The resulting immunotoxin was as active and as specific as an immunotoxin consisting of a fusion protein of the same antibody fragment connected to the toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institut für Biotechnologie, Martin-Luther-Universitat, Universität Halle, Kurt-Mothes Strasse 3, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|