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Stare J, Grdadolnik J, Mason S, Albinati A, Eckert J. 4-Methoxypicolinic Acid N-Oxide: One of the Shortest Hydrogen Bonds Known Characterized by Neutron Diffraction, Inelastic Neutron Scattering, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Periodic DFT Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:38116-38125. [PMID: 39281952 PMCID: PMC11391546 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the case of an extremely short intramolecular O-H···O hydrogen bond (H-bond) found in 4-methoxypicolinic acid N-oxide (MPANO). The donor···acceptor separation of 2.403 Å makes the H-bond in MPANO one of the shortest H-bonds known. We elucidated the structure and dynamics of the H-bond by two neutron-based techniques, namely, single-crystal diffraction and inelastic scattering (INS) vibrational spectroscopy. We also utilized conventional infrared (IR) spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical computations on isolated and periodic models. Both the protiated and deuterated variants of MPANO were investigated by INS and IR. All the methods used unequivocally confirm the existence of an extremely short, asymmetric H-bond, with the proton located near yet off the midpoint. The main relevant feature of the IR spectrum is an extremely broad, complex, and red-shifted OH (OD) stretching band spanning between 1800 and 500 cm-1 and centered at about 1360 cm-1, which indicates the presence of extensive anharmonicity and coupling with other H-bond modes. Of the modes characteristic of H-bond dynamics, only the out-of-plane OH (OD) bending can clearly be detected in the INS spectra; it has a relatively high frequency indicative of the strength of the H-bond. The computed structure is in excellent agreement with the diffraction measurement when periodicity is taken into account. The calculated harmonic frequencies show a reasonable match with the observed spectral features, whereby the assignment of the IR and INS spectra is facilitated. The hydrogen stretching frequency, however, appears to be significantly overestimated, on account of the limitations of the harmonic approximation and the complex nature of the short H-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Stare
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Grdadolnik
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sax Mason
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alberto Albinati
- CNR-ICCOM, Sesto Fiorentino and University of Milan, Via Madonna del Piano, 50119 Milan, Italy
| | - Juergen Eckert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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Oukhrib R, Abdellaoui Y, Berisha A, Abou Oualid H, Halili J, Jusufi K, Ait El Had M, Bourzi H, El Issami S, Asmary FA, Parmar VS, Len C. DFT, Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations for the prediction of corrosion inhibition efficiency of novel pyrazolylnucleosides on Cu(111) surface in acidic media. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3771. [PMID: 33580143 PMCID: PMC7881149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Five novel pyrazolylnucleosides have been evaluated theoretically for their corrosion inhibition efficiency on the Cu(111) surface in acidic media. DFT calculations were carried out to exhibit the intrinsic properties such as lowest unoccupied (ELUMO) and highest occupied (EHOMO) molecular orbital energies, as well as energy gap (∆E), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness (σ), electronegativity (χ), electrophilicity (ω) and nucleophilicity (ε). The theoretical FT-IR spectra were recorded to indicate the presence of the specific bonds in the studied molecules. The surface interactions between the inhibitor molecules and the metal surface were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. As a result, we have found that the inhibitor pyrazolylnucleosides 5a-e have strong interactions with Cu(111) surface, and therefore have excellent predictive inhibition power against copper corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Oukhrib
- Apply Chemistry-Physic Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Youness Abdellaoui
- Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Avni Berisha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematics Science, University of Prishtina, 10000, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Hicham Abou Oualid
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
- Green Enenrgy Park, IRESEN, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Jeton Halili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematics Science, University of Prishtina, 10000, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Kaltrina Jusufi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematics Science, University of Prishtina, 10000, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Mustapha Ait El Had
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, substances naturelles et Réactivité (URAC 16), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, B.P. 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, Faculty of Sciences and Technics Marrakech (FSTMG), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hassan Bourzi
- Apply Chemistry-Physic Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Souad El Issami
- Apply Chemistry-Physic Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Fatmah Ali Asmary
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 1638 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11225, USA
| | - Christophe Len
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
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Rekik N, Alsaif NAM, Flakus HT, Farooq U, Chand R. A unified quantum model susceptible to elucidate the dissimilarity of IR spectral density of dicarboxylic acid crystals: Phthalic and terephthalic acid crystals cases. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118728. [PMID: 32781405 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, several approaches have been developed for elucidating the infrared spectral density of dicarboxylic acid crystals, which has been served as prototype for determining hydrogen bonds dynamics. These approaches differ in how accurately the simulated spectra can superimpose the experimental ones. In this study, we present a superdimer quantum approach susceptible to elucidate the infrared spectral properties of some particular dicarboxylic acid crystals using a newly proposed algorithm, which favors the rule of Davydov coupling in the generation of the spectra. The approach, which is herein effectively applied to terephthalic and phthalic acid dimer crystals, ascribes the non-conventional IR spectral properties of these particular acid crystals to the existence of superdimer structure in their lattices. In this superdimer structure, a strong vibronic coupling mechanism, namely Davydov coupling, takes place between the proton stretching vibrations in the (COOH)₂ cycles. This strong coupling exciton, generated by the resonance arising in the two coupled (COOH)₂ cycles of the aromatic rings of the superdimer, in conjunction with the strong anharmonic coupling between the fast and slow modes of each hydrogen bonds provide a strong support basis for a common explanation of the physical properties of these two different crystalline systems. The numerical simulations, involving the implications of the superdimer model, are systematically correlated with the experimental spectra. A decent agreement between the evaluated spectra and the experimental bandshapes of terephthalic and phthalic dicarboxylic acid crystals was obtained using a set of physically sound parameters as inputs in the theoretical formulation. The superdimer quantum approach thereby underscore the potential of the dynamical cooperative interactions between "Davydov coupling" and "strong anharmonic coupling" mechanisms in the generation of the spectral features of terephthalic and phthalic dicarboxylic acid crystals, suggesting that the congregated effects of these two mechanisms can be considered as the most reliable source of the non-conventional IR spectral properties observed. It is therefore expected that this novel algorithm reduces the discrepancies between the simulated spectra compared to the experimental one and simplify the computation of spectra in more complex hydrogen bonded systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeh Rekik
- Physics Department, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Norah A M Alsaif
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henryk T Flakus
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-006, Poland
| | - Umer Farooq
- Physics Department, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ram Chand
- Physics Department, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Stare J, Gradišek A, Seliger J. Nuclear quadrupole resonance supported by periodic quantum calculations: a sensitive tool for precise structural characterization of short hydrogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27681-27689. [PMID: 33237040 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04710d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systems with short hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are notoriously difficult to describe even using cutting edge experimental techniques supported by advanced computational protocols. One of the most challenging issues is the highly dislocated H-bonded proton, which is typically smeared over a large area, featuring complex dynamics governed by pronounced nuclear quantum effects. Thus, in combination with experimental results, these systems offer a rich platform for the benchmarking of various computational approaches and methods. Herein, we present a methodology combining experimental and computational assessment of H-bond observables probed by the nuclear quadrupole resonance technique. Focusing on the case of picolinic acid N-oxide featuring one of the shortest known hydrogen bonds (ROO ∼ 2.425 Å), we compare the predictions of nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCCs) for a series of computational models differing in fine structural details of the H-bond. By comparing the computed 14N and 17O NQCCs with the measured ones and by analyzing the sensitivity of NQCCs to H-bond geometry variations, we demonstrate that NQCCs represent a very sensitive probe for H-bond geometry, particularly the proton location, thereby offering, in conjunction with computations, an accurate and reliable tool for the fine structural characterization of short H-bonds. Importantly, the present methodology is a good compromise between accuracy and computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Stare
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Maršalka A, Dagys L, Jakubkienė V, Tumkevičius S, Balevicius V. 1H and 17O NMR study of H-bond dynamics in picolinic acid N-oxide solutions in acetonitrile-h3 and acetonitrile‑d3: Novel aspects of old casus. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Balevicius V, Maršalka A, Klimavičius V, Dagys L, Gdaniec M, Svoboda I, Fuess H. NMR and XRD Study of Hydrogen Bonding in Picolinic Acid N-Oxide in Crystalline State and Solutions: Media and Temperature Effects on Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6894-6902. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Balevicius
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aru̅nas Maršalka
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Klimavičius
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, University of Technology Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laurynas Dagys
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maria Gdaniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska ul. 89b, PL-61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ingrid Svoboda
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Technology Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hartmut Fuess
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Technology Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Dumpala RMR, Rawat N, Tomar BS. Protonation of Pyridine Monocarboxylate-N-Oxides - Determination of Thermodynamic, Absorbance and Ion Interaction Parameters. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neetika Rawat
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India 400085
| | - Bhupendra S. Tomar
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India 400085
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8
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Hydrogen bonds in quinoline N-oxide derivatives: first-principle molecular dynamics and metadynamics ground state study. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Błaziak K, Panek JJ, Jezierska A. Molecular reorganization of selected quinoline derivatives in the ground and excited states—Investigations via static DFT. J Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 26203021 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoline derivatives are interesting objects to study internal reorganizations due to the observed excited-state-induced intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Here, we report on computations for selected 12 quinoline derivatives possessing three kinds of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Density functional theory was employed for the current investigations. The metric and electronic structure simulations were performed for the ground state and first excited singlet and triplet states. The computed potential energy profiles do not show a spontaneous proton transfer in the ground state, whereas excited states exhibit this phenomenon. Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory was applied to study the nature of hydrogen bonding, whereas Harmonic Oscillator Model of aromaticity index (HOMA) provided data of aromaticity evolution as a derivative of the bridge proton position. The AIM-based topological analysis confirmed the presence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding. In addition, using the theory, we were able to provide a quantitative illustration of bonding transformation: from covalent to the hydrogen. On the basis of HOMA analysis, we showed that the aromaticity of both rings is dependent on the location of the bridge proton. Further, the computed results were compared with experimental data available. Finally, ESIPT occurrence was compared for the three investigated kinds of hydrogen bridges, and competition between two bridges in one molecule was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Błaziak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław J Panek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Majerz I, Gutmann MJ. Intermolecular OHN hydrogen bond with a proton moving in 3-methylpyridinium 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenolate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06733b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-dependent changes in the strong OHN hydrogen bond in 3-methylpyridinium 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenolate are used to discuss the proton transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Majerz
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Wroclaw Medical University
- 50-556 Wroclaw
- Poland
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11
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Hnatejko Z, Manszewski T, Barczyński P, Kubicki M, Szyczewski A, Lis S. Synthesis, complexation studies and structural characterization of d and f metal ion complexes with 4-chloroquinaldinic acid N-oxide. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Huczyński A, Ratajczak-Sitarz M, Katrusiak A, Brzezinski B. Crystals of the Kemp’s triacid salts. Part V: Structure of hydrogen-bonded complex of Kemp’s triacid with 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene studied by X-ray and FT-IR methods. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Dega-Szafran Z, Katrusiak A, Szafran M. Very short OHO hydrogen bond in bis(2-quinuclidinium-propionate) hydrobromide. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Kołodziejczak J, Adamczyk-Woźniak A, Sporzyński A, Kochel A, Koll A. Competitive intra- and intermolecular interactions in secondary Mannich bases. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Dega-Szafran Z, Katrusiak A, Szafran M. Short and symmetrical OHO hydrogen bond in bis(quinuclidine betaine) hydrochloride. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Balevicius V, Gdaniec Z, Aidas K. NMR and DFT study on media effects on proton transfer in hydrogen bonding: concept of molecular probe with an application to ionic and super-polar liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8592-600. [DOI: 10.1039/b819666d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Jezierska A, Panek JJ, Koll A. Spectroscopic properties of a strongly anharmonic Mannich base N-oxide. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:839-46. [PMID: 18338342 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations in vacuum and in the solid state are performed on a strongly anharmonic system, namely, 2-(N-diethylamino-N-oxymethyl)-4,6-dichlorophenol, to investigate its molecular and spectroscopic properties. The investigated compound contains two slightly different molecules in the crystal cell with very short intramolecular hydrogen bonds (of 2.400 and 2.423 A), as determined previously by neutron diffraction. The vibrational properties of the compound are studied on the basis of standard approaches, that is, Fourier transformation of the autocorrelation functions of the atomic velocities and dipole moments. Then, the trajectory obtained from ab initio molecular dynamics is sampled and the obtained snapshots are used to solve the vibrational Schrödinger equations and to calculate the O--H stretching envelope as a superposition of the 0-->1 transition. Using an envelope method, the a posteriori quantum effects are included in the O--H stretching. In addition, NMR spectra are calculated also using the obtained snapshots. One- and two-dimensional potentials of mean force (1D and 2D pmf) are derived to explain the details of the proton dynamics. The computational results are supported by NMR experimental data. In addition, the calculated results are compared with previously published X-ray, neutron diffraction, and spectroscopic descriptions. A detailed analysis of the bridged proton's dynamics is thus obtained. The application of 1D and 2D pmf in a system with a strong bridged-proton delocalization is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Jezierska
- University of Wrocław, Faculty of Chemistry, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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18
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Filarowski A, Koll A, Hansen PE, Kluba M. Density Functional Theory Study of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer in o-Hydroxyaryl Ketimines. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3478-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076991l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Filarowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Koll
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Hansen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Malgorzata Kluba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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19
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Stare J, Panek J, Eckert J, Grdadolnik J, Mavri J, Hadži D. Proton Dynamics in the Strong Chelate Hydrogen Bond of Crystalline Picolinic Acid N-Oxide. A New Computational Approach and Infrared, Raman and INS Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1576-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077107u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Stare
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center for Non-Linear Studies/Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland; and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Jarosław Panek
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center for Non-Linear Studies/Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland; and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Juergen Eckert
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center for Non-Linear Studies/Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland; and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Jože Grdadolnik
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center for Non-Linear Studies/Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland; and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Janez Mavri
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center for Non-Linear Studies/Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland; and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Dušan Hadži
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center for Non-Linear Studies/Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland; and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
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20
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Szczepaniak K, Person WB, Hadzi D. Experimental matrix isolation study and quantum-mechanics-based normal-coordinate analysis of the anharmonic infrared spectrum of picolinic acid N-oxide. J Phys Chem A 2007; 109:6710-24. [PMID: 16834024 DOI: 10.1021/jp058089o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work is, according to our knowledge, the first experimental matrix isolation study of a molecular system with a very short and strong intramolecular OH...O hydrogen bond. It also includes a satisfying interpretation of its entire infrared spectrum. The interpretation relies on the calculation at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of the harmonic spectrum and of the anharmonic relaxed potential energy for the stretching motion of the hydrogen-bonded proton, used with our recently modified quantum-mechanics-based normal-coordinate analysis. An important observation about the anharmonic spectrum obtained from this procedure is that the OH stretch coordinate contributes to several normal modes, mixing extensively with other in-plane internal coordinates, in particular OH-bending and C=O-stretching. The two intense normal modes with the largest contributions from the OH-stretching coordinate to the potential energy distribution and to the intensity are located near 1700 and 1500 cm(-1). A calculated anharmonic spectrum obtained from this procedure agrees with the experimental spectrum (frequencies and intensity distribution), within the limits of the estimated uncertainties for the calculation and experiment, allowing the interpretation of the latter. The agreement for the frequencies is about 1-3%. The anharmonic spectrum calculated using the anharmonic keyword in Gaussian 03w is not in satisfactory agreement with experiment insofar as the OH-stretching mode is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P O Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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21
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Balazic K, Stare J, Mavri J. Infrared spectrum of 4-methoxypicolinic acid N-oxide: computation of asymmetric O-H stretching band. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:832-9. [PMID: 17469813 DOI: 10.1021/ci600491p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article we studied the strong intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded system 4-methoxypicolinic acid N-oxide. The potential energy surface V = V(rOH,rOO) and the corresponding dipole moment function were calculated using the DFT B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of approximation. The time-independent vibrational Schrödinger equation was solved using a rectangular grid basis set and shifted Gaussian basis set. The vibrational spectrum and metric parameters were also calculated. Effects of deuteration were considered. The calculated vibrational spectra were compared with the experimental spectra. The vibrational transition corresponding to asymmetric O-H stretching that occurs at about 1400 cm-1 compares well with the experimentally assigned O-H asymmetric stretching band centered at 1380 cm-1. The corresponding asymmetric O-D stretching band was predicted to be at 1154 cm-1, while the experimental O-D band was not assigned due to its very low intensity. Several overtones and hot transitions of significant intensities were located in the vicinity of the fundamental O-H stretching frequency, effectively broadening the infrared absorption attributed to the O-H stretching mode. This is in a good agreement with the observed broad protonic absorptions found in the infrared spectra of the title compound and its analogs. We have shown that the Gaussian basis set is the method of choice for a two-dimensional vibrational problem that requires several hundreds of vibrational basis functions and when high accuracy of the eigenvalues is required or when extending the calculations to more vibrational degrees of freedom. We have also demonstrated that for a large number of basis functions the Gramm-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure outperforms symmetric and canonical orthogonalization schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Balazic
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Speranskiy K, Kurnikova M. Accurate theoretical prediction of vibrational frequencies in an inhomogeneous dynamic environment: a case study of a glutamate molecule in water solution and in a protein-bound form. J Chem Phys 2007; 121:1516-24. [PMID: 15260697 PMCID: PMC4492463 DOI: 10.1063/1.1752887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a hierarchical approach to model vibrational frequencies of a ligand in a strongly fluctuating inhomogeneous environment such as a liquid solution or when bound to a macromolecule, e.g., a protein. Vibrational frequencies typically measured experimentally are ensemble averaged quantities which result (in part) from the influence of the strongly fluctuating solvent. Solvent fluctuations can be sampled effectively by a classical molecular simulation, which in our model serves as the first, low level of the hierarchy. At the second high level of the hierarchy a small subset of system coordinates is used to construct a patch of the potential surface (ab initio) relevant to the vibration in question. This subset of coordinates is under the influence of an instantaneous external force exerted by the environment. The force is calculated at the lower level of the hierarchy. The proposed methodology is applied to model vibrational frequencies of a glutamate in water and when bound to the Glutamate receptor protein and its mutant. Our results are in close agreement with the experimental values and frequency shifts measured by the Jayaraman group by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [Q. Cheng et al., Biochem. 41, 1602 (2002)]. Our methodology proved useful in successfully reproducing vibrational frequencies of a ligand in such a soft, flexible, and strongly inhomogeneous protein as the Glutamate receptor.
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Balevicius V, Bariseviciute R, Aidas K, Svoboda I, Ehrenberg H, Fuess H. Proton transfer in hydrogen-bonded pyridine/acid systems: the role of higher aggregation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3181-9. [PMID: 17612741 DOI: 10.1039/b701775h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work the role of higher molecular aggregation in the proton transfer processes within hydrogen bond (H-bond) is investigated. The H-bonded complex consisting of 4-cyanopyridine (CyPy) with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been studied in the solutions of acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and dichloroethane as solvent by FTIR spectroscopy and quantum chemical DFT calculations. In order to illustrate the effect of increasing H-bond strength FTIR investigations have also been performed on solutions of CyPy with H(2)O, acetic-, trifluoroacetic- and methanesulfonic acids. Proton states in the H-bond have been monitored using vibrational CyPy ring modes in FTIR spectra. The stabilization of the CyPy/TCA complex in its protonated form upon increasing polarity of the solvent has been evidenced. It was shown that formation of the CyPy/(TCA)(2) aggregates in the solutions favors the proton transfer process. An X-ray diffraction study has been performed on a single 1 : 2 co-crystal of pyridine/3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. The H-bond motif found in this system exhibits the same connectivity by strong hydrogen bonds N-H(+)[dot dot dot]O(-) and O-H[dot dot dot]O as that in the CyPy/(TCA)(2) complex predicted by DFT calculation. Certain discrepancies are observed in C-H[dot dot dot]O connectivity only. The networks of H-bonds in both assemblies differ from those usually pictured for 1 : 2 base/carboxylic acid complexes in the literature.
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Schlund S, Mladenovic M, Basílio Janke EM, Engels B, Weisz K. Geometry and Cooperativity Effects in Adenosine−Carboxylic Acid Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:16151-8. [PMID: 16287303 DOI: 10.1021/ja0531430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NMR experiments and theoretical investigations were performed on hydrogen bonded complexes of specifically 1- and 7-15N-labeled adenine nucleosides with carboxylic acids. By employing a freonic solvent of CDClF2 and CDF3, NMR spectra were acquired at temperatures as low as 123 K, where the regime of slow hydrogen bond exchange is reached and several higher-order complexes were found to coexist in solution. Unlike acetic acid, chloroacetic acid forms Watson-Crick complexes with the proton largely displaced from oxygen to the nitrogen acceptor in an ion pairing structure. Calculated geometries and chemical shifts of the proton in the hydrogen bridge favorably agree with experimentally determined values if vibrational averaging and solvent effects are taken into account. The results indicate that binding a second acidic ligand at the adenine Hoogsteen site in a ternary complex weakens the hydrogen bond to the Watson-Crick bound carboxylic acid. However, substituting a second adenine nucleobase for a carboxylic acid in the trimolecular complex leads to cooperative binding at Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen faces of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schlund
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Kovacević B, Rozman M, Klasinc L, Srzić D, Maksić ZB, Yañez M. Gas-Phase Structure of Protonated Histidine and Histidine Methyl Ester: Combined Experimental Mass Spectrometry and Theoretical ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:8329-35. [PMID: 16834223 DOI: 10.1021/jp053288t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase H/D exchange experiments with CD3OD and D2O and quantum chemical ab initio G3(MP2) calculations were carried out on protonated histidine and protonated histidine methyl ester in order to elucidate their bonding and structure. The H/D exchange experiments show that both ions have three equivalent fast hydrogens and one appreciably slower exchangeable hydrogen assigned to the protonated amino group participating in a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) with the nearest N(sp2) nitrogen of the imidazole fragment and to the distal ring NH-group, respectively. It is taken for granted that the proton exchange in the IHB is much faster than the H/D exchange. Unlike in other protonated amino acids (glycine, proline, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) studied earlier, the exchange rate of the carboxyl group in protonated histidine is slower than that of the amino group. The most stable conformers and the enthalpies of neutral and protonated histidine and its methyl ester are calculated at the G3(MP2) level of theory. It is shown that strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino group and the imidazole ring nitrogen sites is responsible for the stability and specific properties of the protonated histidine. It is found that the proton fluctuates between the amino and imidazole groups in the protonated form across an almost vanishing barrier. Proton affinity (PA) of histidine calculated by the G3(MP2) method is 233.2 and 232.4 kcal mol(-1) for protonation at the imidazole ring and at the amino group nitrogens, respectively, which is about 3-5 kcal mol(-1) lower than the reported experimental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Kovacević
- Quantum Organic Chemistry Group and Laboratory for Chemical Kinetics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rudjer Bosković Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Czarnik-Matusewicz B, Rospenk M, Koll A, Mavri J. Influence of Substituents on the Anharmonicity of νs(OH) Vibration in Phenol Derivatives Explored by Experimental and Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:2317-24. [PMID: 16839002 DOI: 10.1021/jp0455273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Very good reproducibility of the first five vibrational transitions of phenol in the gas phase by the MP2/ 6-31G potential for O-H bond stretching was found. The vibrational levels were calculated by a program for variational solving of the time-independent Schrödinger equation in one dimension. Relative intensities of particular transitions were determined on the basis of the function of the dipole moment. The substituent effects on the nu(s)(OH) transitions and on the intensity of these transitions, as well as on the structure of eleven phenols, was analyzed as a function of the pK(a) values.
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Vianello R, Kovačević B, Ambrožič G, Mavri J, Maksić ZB. Hydrogen bonding in complex of serine with histidine: computational and spectroscopic study of model compounds. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Panek J, Stare J, Hadži D. From the Isolated Molecule to Oligomers and the Crystal: A Static Density Functional Theory and Car−Parrinello Molecular Dynamics Study of Geometry and Potential Function Modifications of the Short Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond in Picolinic Acid N-Oxide. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0495794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Panek
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Stare
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Hadži
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Stare J, Jezierska A, Ambrozic G, Kosir IJ, Kidric J, Koll A, Mavri J, Hadzi D. Density Functional Calculation of the 2D Potential Surface and Deuterium Isotope Effect on 13C Chemical Shifts in Picolinic Acid N-Oxide. Comparison with Experiment. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:4437-43. [PMID: 15053634 DOI: 10.1021/ja021345f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2D free energy surfaces V = V(rOH, rO...O) for the intramolecular H-bond in the title compound were calculated by the DFT method and used in the calculation of primary and secondary chemical shifts of the compound dissolved in chloroform and acetonitrile. Solvent effects were accounted for by the SCRF/PCM method. The corresponding two-dimensional chemical shift surfaces with included solvent reaction field were obtained using the Continuous Set of Gauge Transformations approach at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p) level of theory. The chemical shifts were estimated as quantum averages along the two internal coordinates in the hydrogen bond and along several vibrational levels according to the Boltzmann distribution at room temperature. Fairly good agreement between the experimental and calculated isotope effects was obtained. 1D and 2D NMR spectra of solutions of picolinic acid N-oxide and its deuterated analogue were recorded and assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Stare
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Dziembowska T, Szafran M, Jagodzińska E, Natkaniec I, Pawlukojć A, Kwiatkowski JS, Baran J. DFT studies of the structure and vibrational spectra of 8-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 59:2175-2189. [PMID: 12788469 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(03)00030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands of 8-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (8-HQNO) and its deuterated derivative (8-DQNO) were obtained by the density functional theory (DFT) with the BLYP and B3LYP functionals and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The optimized bond lengths and bond angles are in good agreement with the X-ray data. The IR and INS spectra of 8-HQNO and 8-DQNO computed at the DFT level reproduce the vibrational wavenumbers and intensities with an accuracy, which allows reliable vibrational assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dziembowska
- Institute of Fundamental Chemistry, Technical University of Szczecin, Al. Piastow 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
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Stare J, Balint-Kurti GG. Fourier Grid Hamiltonian Method for Solving the Vibrational Schrödinger Equation in Internal Coordinates: Theory and Test Applications. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034440z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Stare
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kast KM, Brickmann J, Kast SM, Berry RS. Binary Phases of Aliphatic N-Oxides and Water: Force Field Development and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M. Kast
- Physikalische Chemie I, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Jürgen Brickmann
- Physikalische Chemie I, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Stefan M. Kast
- Physikalische Chemie I, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - R. Stephen Berry
- Physikalische Chemie I, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Abstract
The hydrogen bond is the most important of all directional intermolecular interactions. It is operative in determining molecular conformation, molecular aggregation, and the function of a vast number of chemical systems ranging from inorganic to biological. Research into hydrogen bonds experienced a stagnant period in the 1980s, but re-opened around 1990, and has been in rapid development since then. In terms of modern concepts, the hydrogen bond is understood as a very broad phenomenon, and it is accepted that there are open borders to other effects. There are dozens of different types of X-H.A hydrogen bonds that occur commonly in the condensed phases, and in addition there are innumerable less common ones. Dissociation energies span more than two orders of magnitude (about 0.2-40 kcal mol(-1)). Within this range, the nature of the interaction is not constant, but its electrostatic, covalent, and dispersion contributions vary in their relative weights. The hydrogen bond has broad transition regions that merge continuously with the covalent bond, the van der Waals interaction, the ionic interaction, and also the cation-pi interaction. All hydrogen bonds can be considered as incipient proton transfer reactions, and for strong hydrogen bonds, this reaction can be in a very advanced state. In this review, a coherent survey is given on all these matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steiner
- Institut für Chemie-Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, Germany.
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Došlić N, Stare J, Mavri J. Hydrogen bonding in picolinic acid N-oxide. Part II: A proposal for dissipative laser driven proton transfer dynamics. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Makowski M, Sadowski R, Augustin-Nowacka D, Chmurzyñski L. Ab Initio Study of the Energetics of Protonation and Homocomplexed Cation Formation in Systems with Pyridine and Its Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010329m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Makowski
- Department of General Chemistry, University of Gdañsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdañsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Sadowski
- Department of General Chemistry, University of Gdañsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdañsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Augustin-Nowacka
- Department of General Chemistry, University of Gdañsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdañsk, Poland
| | - Lech Chmurzyñski
- Department of General Chemistry, University of Gdañsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdañsk, Poland
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