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Ganeshpurkar A, Akotkar L, Kumar D, Kumar D, Ganeshpurkar A. Machine learning-based virtual screening and molecular modelling studies for identification of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer's agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38466084 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2326664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a hydrolase involved in the metabolism and detoxification of specific esters in the blood. It is also implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, a type of dementia. As the disease progresses, the level of BChE tends to increase, opting for a major role as an acetylcholine-degrading enzyme and surpassing the role of acetylcholinesterase. Hence, the development of BChE inhibitors could be beneficial for the latter stages of the disease. In the present study, machine learning (ML) models were developed and employed to identify new BChE inhibitors. Further, the identified molecules were subjected to molecular property filters. The filtered ligands were studied through molecular modelling techniques, viz. molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD). Support vector machine-based ML models resulted in the identification of 3291 compounds that would have predicted IC50 values less than 200 nM. The docking study showed that compounds ART13069594, ART17350769 and LEG19710163 have mean binding energies of -9.62, -9.26 and -8.93 kcal/mol, respectively. The MD study displayed that all the selected ligands showed stable complexes with BChE. The trajectories of all the ligands were stable similar to the standard BChE inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Likhit Akotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University, Shirpur, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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de Andrade Ramos G, Souza de Oliveira A, Bartolini M, Naldi M, Liparulo I, Bergamini C, Uliassi E, Wu L, Fraser PE, Abreu M, Kiametis AS, Gargano R, Silveira ER, Brand GD, Prchal L, Soukup O, Korábečný J, Bolognesi ML, Soares Romeiro LA. Discovery of sustainable drugs for Alzheimer's disease: cardanol-derived cholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidant and anti-amyloid properties. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1154-1163. [PMID: 34355181 PMCID: PMC8293282 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of our efforts to develop sustainable drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we have been focusing on the inexpensive and largely available cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as a starting material for the identification of new acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Herein, we decided to investigate whether cardanol, a phenolic CNSL component, could serve as a scaffold for improved compounds with concomitant anti-amyloid and antioxidant activities. Ten new derivatives, carrying the intact phenolic function and an aminomethyl functionality, were synthesized and first tested for their inhibitory potencies towards AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). 5 and 11 were found to inhibit human BChE at a single-digit micromolar concentration. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the potential of five derivatives to modulate Aβ aggregation, including 5 and 11. In HORAC assays, 5 and 11 performed similarly to standard antioxidant ferulic acid as hydroxyl scavenging agents. Furthermore, in in vitro studies in neuronal cell cultures, 5 and 11 were found to effectively inhibit reactive oxygen species production at a 10 μM concentration. They also showed a favorable initial ADME/Tox profile. Overall, these results suggest that CNSL is a promising raw material for the development of potential disease-modifying treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle de Andrade Ramos
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ling Wu
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, 6KD-402 M5T 2S8 Toronto ON Canada
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, 6KD-402 M5T 2S8 Toronto ON Canada
| | - Monica Abreu
- Physics Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sofia Kiametis
- Physics Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gargano
- Physics Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Edilberto Rocha Silveira
- CENAUREMN, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará 60021-970 Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Guilherme D Brand
- Chemistry Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Via Belmeloro 6 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Luiz Antonio Soares Romeiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
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Structural Isomerism and Enhanced Lipophilicity of Pyrithione Ligands of Organoruthenium(II) Complexes Increase Inhibition on AChE and BuChE. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165628. [PMID: 32781544 PMCID: PMC7460603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases requires the development of new improved drug candidates, possessing the ability of more efficient treatment as well as less unwanted side effects. Cholinesterase enzymes are highly associated with the development of AD and thus represent important druggable targets. Therefore, we have synthesized eight organoruthenium(II) chlorido complexes 1a–h with pyrithione-type ligands (pyrithione = 1-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thione, a), bearing either pyrithione a, its methyl (b-e) or bicyclic aromatic analogues (f–h) and tested them for their inhibition towards electric eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (hsBuChE). The experimental results have shown that the novel complex 1g with the ligand 1-hydroxyquinoline-2-(1H)-thione (g) improves the inhibition towards eeAChE (IC50 = 4.9 μM) and even more potently towards hsBuChE (IC50 = 0.2 μM) in comparison with the referenced 1a. Moreover, computational studies on Torpedo californica AChE have supported the experimental outcomes for 1g, possessing the lowest energy value among all tested complexes and have also predicted several interactions of 1g with the target protein. Consequently, we have shown that the aromatic ring extension of the ligand a, though only at the appropriate position, is a viable strategy to enhance the activity against cholinesterases.
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Teralı K. An evaluation of neonicotinoids' potential to inhibit human cholinesterases: Protein-ligand docking and interaction profiling studies. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 84:54-63. [PMID: 29920423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many so-called neuroactive insecticides target invertebrate neurotransmitter systems, including the cholinergic system. With their relatively low toxicity to vertebrates, neonicotinoids represent a new class of neuroactive insecticides that bind to nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in the insect central nervous system and result in paralysis and eventual death due to receptor overstimulation. On the understanding that, today, cholinesterase inhibitors are used to obtain the symptomatic relief of Alzheimer disease (AD), the aforementioned direct cholinomimetic action of neonicotinoids could, perhaps, confer anti-AD drug-like attributes to these compounds. It is shown here, using protein-ligand docking and interaction profiling, that neonicotinoids penetrate deep into the active-site gorge of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase and that they form relatively strong noncovalent bonds with multiple critical residues that normally bind/hydrolyze choline esters. With their gorge-spanning shape and dual-binding specificity, neonicotinoids (first-generation compounds in particular) represent promising leads for the development of reversible, mixed-type cholinesterase inhibitors in the fight against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, 99138, North Cyprus.
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Kharb S, Panjeta P, Kala V, Ghalaut VS, Bala J, Nanda S. Cord Blood Butyrylcholinesterase Activities in Normal Pregnant and Preeclamptic Women. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ajmb-39507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Zitova A, O'Mahony FC, Kurochkin IN, Papkovsky DB. A Simple Screening Assay for Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition Based on Optical Oxygen Detection. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003653833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gholivand K, Abdollahi M, Mojahed F, Alizadehgan AM, Dehghan G. Acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity of some new carbacylamidophosphate derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:566-76. [PMID: 18825527 DOI: 10.1080/14756360802316971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight newly synthesized carbacylamidophosphates with the general formula RC(O)NHP(O)Cl2 with R = pCl-C6H4 1a, pBr-C6H4 2a, C6H5 3a, and pMe-C6H4 4a and RC(O)NHP(O)(NC4H8O)2 R = pCl-C6H4 1b, pBr-C6H4 2b, C6H5 3b, pMe-C6H4 4b, were selected to compare the inhibition kinetic parameters, IC50, Ki, kp and KD, on human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and bovine serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), Also, the in vivo inhibition potency of compound 2a, 2b and 3a, were studied. The data demonstrates that compound 2a and compound 2b are the potent sensitive as AChE and BuChE inhibitors respectively, and the inhibition of hAChE is about 10-fold greater than that of BuChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodayar Gholivand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Ahmed M, Batista J, Rocha T, Mazzanti CM, Hassan W, Morsch VM, Loro VL, Thomé G, Schetinger MRC. Comparative study of the inhibitory effect of antidepressants on cholinesterase activity in Bungarus sindanus (krait) venom, human serum and rat striatum. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 23:912-7. [PMID: 18608756 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701809977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinesterases are divided into two classes based on differences in their substrate specificity and tissue distribution: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). These enzymes may be inhibited by several compounds, such as antidepressants. The antidepressants paroxetine, imipramine, clomipramine and sertraline inhibited both venom AChE as well as human serum BChE in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on AChE in the rat brain striatum. The IC(50) of venom calculated for imipramine was 0.3 mM, paroxetine 0.38 mM, clomipramine 0.34 mM and sertraline 0.35 mM. Analysis of kinetic data indicated that the inhibition caused by sertraline and paroxetine was mixed, i.e. K(m) values increased and V(max) decreased in a concentration dependent manner. Imipramine and clomipramine exhibited competitive inhibition, i.e. K(m) values increased and V(max) remained constant. The present results suggest that these therapeutic agents used for depression can also be considered as inhibitors of snake venom and human serum cholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmed
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Hurley MM, Balboa A, Lushington GH, Guo J. Interactions of organophosphorus and related compounds with cholinesterases, a theoretical study. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 157-158:321-5. [PMID: 16289061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an interesting research target not only because of its high enzyme catalytic rate but also because of the wide range of health effects resulting from its inhibition. This paper discusses results of a theoretical study of acetylcholinesterase inhibition using several simulation techniques. In the first technique, a novel method was developed and used for predicting the binding affinity of human AChE (huAChE) inhibitors. Results are also presented for classical molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical simulations. Theoretical proton NMR shift results are obtained and compared to experiment, and the importance of the Glu199 residue is discussed in the context of the model.
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Müller TC, Rocha JBT, Morsch VM, Neis RT, Schetinger MRC. Antidepressants inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1587:92-8. [PMID: 12009429 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(02)00071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effect of the antidepressants fluoxetine, sertraline and amitriptyline on cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)) activities in human serum and erythrocyte membrane (ghost). The concentrations used range from 3 to 60 microM for fluoxetine and amitriptyline and 0.3 to 12 microM for sertraline. At the micromolar range concentration, different classes of antidepressants, including fluoxetine and sertraline (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)) and amitriptyline (tricyclic antidepressant) inhibited human serum cholinesterase. The order of inhibitory potency was sertraline>amitriptyline>>fluoxetine and the IC(50) values were 4.05, 9.43 and 62 microM, respectively. Analysis of kinetic data indicated that the inhibition caused by all the antidepressants was mixed in nature. At the micromolar range concentration, sertraline (60-120 microM) and amitriptyline (60-180 microM) inhibited human erythrocyte AChE. The order of inhibitory potency was sertraline>amitriptyline and the IC(50) values were 80 and 134 microM, respectively. Analysis of kinetic data indicated that the inhibition caused by all the antidepressants in AChE human erythrocyte membrane (ghost) was mixed in nature. The interaction of sertraline with the cholinesterase is labile since the removal of inhibitor by gel filtration recovered completely the enzyme activity. Our results demonstrate that the usual clinical antidepressants are inhibitors of the cholinesterases on human serum and erythrocyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane C Müller
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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