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Wang S, Song W, Lan X, Meng X, Li N, Wei X, Jing W, Lu K, Dai Y. A density functional theory study on the mechanism of simultaneous trifluoromethylation and oximation of aryl-substituted ethylenes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different substituents, located at the para position of the aromatic ring and at the β-carbon atom of styrenes, on difunctionalizations involving trifluoromethylation and oxime formation are investigated, showing that the difunctionalization reaction has a good adaptability to such reactants containing a range of substituents. This is important in the actual production process. It was found that proton transfer in the final tautomerism step involving transformation of a nitroso intermediate into an oxime is the rate-limiting step. The solvent effect did not influence the rate-limiting step significantly. Compared with direct proton transfer in a vacuum, the energy barrier of the final tautomerism step decreased from 57.80 kcal mol−1 in vacuum to 12.98 kcal mol−1 in water occurring via mediated proton transfer, which declines by 77.5%. When water participates in the rate-limiting steps in organic solvents, the energy barrier also decreases significantly, which indicates that a small amount of water in the organic solvent is conducive to the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | | | - Xiaowei Lan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xianfu Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kui Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Ahmed SA, El Guesmi N, Asghar BH, Maurel F, Althagafi II, Khairou KS, Muathen HA. Photochromism of dihydroindolizines Part XIX. Efficient one-pot solid-state synthesis, kinetic, and computational studies based on dihydroindolizine photochromes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al-Mokarramma 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; 71516 Assiut Egypt
| | - Nizar El Guesmi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al-Mokarramma 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Département de chimie; Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement Monastir 5019 Tunisia
| | - Basim H. Asghar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al-Mokarramma 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - François Maurel
- Laboratoire Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Bâtiment Lavoisier Paris Cedex 13 F-75205 France
| | - Ismail I. Althagafi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al-Mokarramma 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Khairou
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al-Mokarramma 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussni A. Muathen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Al-Mokarramma 21955 Saudi Arabia
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Khalfina IA. Reactions of Aryl Benzoates with Potassium Aryloxides: Solvent Effects on Reaction Pathway and Kinetics. INT J CHEM KINET 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Khalfina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk 630090 The Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; Novosibirsk 630090 The Russian Federation
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Khalfina IA, Vlasov VM. Enthalpy-Entropy Correlations in Reactions of Aryl Benzoates with Potassium Aryloxides in Dimethylformamide. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Khalfina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry; the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; 630090; the Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav M. Vlasov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry; the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; 630090; the Russian Federation
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Nesprias K, Iglesias M, Rivas S, Alvarez E, Barreto G, Eyler N, Cañizo A. 4-Heptanone cyclic diperoxide: Improved preparation method and solvent effect on its thermolysis in solution. INT J CHEM KINET 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vlasov VM. Towards mechanisms of bimolecular nucleophilic reactions in solution-probing the variation of the activation parameters in the reactions of aromatic compounds. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav M. Vlasov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090 Novosibirsk Lavrentjev Ave., 9 Russia
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Vlasov VM. Substituent effects in nucleophiles on activation parameters in the bimolecular nucleophilic reactions in solution. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00058b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Vlasov VM. Substituent effects in substrates on activation parameters in the bimolecular nucleophilic reactions in solution. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00419g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vlasov VM. Effects of substituents on activation parameters in SN2 reactions at aliphatic carbon in solution. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lobachev VL, Matvienko YV, Rudakov ES. Temperature dependence of the relative rate constants of the reactions of alkanes with oh radicals in aqueous solution. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-009-9088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vlasov VM. Effect of substituents in phenol and aniline nucleophiles on activation parameters in SNAr reactions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vlasov VM. Effects of substituents on activation parameters in the reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives with anionic and neutral nucleophiles. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b808115h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ruff F, Farkas Ö. A DFT study of transition structures and reactivity in solvolyses of tert
-butyl chloride, cumyl chlorides, and benzyl chlorides. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nummert V, Piirsalu M, Koppel IA. Variation of the temperature-dependent substituent effects with solvent in alkaline hydrolysis of substituted phenyl and alkyl benzoates and phenyl tosylates. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ruff F, Farkas Ö, Kucsman Á. Computational Study of Reactivity and Transition Structures in Nucleophilic Substitutions on Benzyl Bromides. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ruff F, Farkas O. Effect of Substituents on Activation Parameters in Aliphatic SN2 Reactions. A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2006; 71:3409-16. [PMID: 16626120 DOI: 10.1021/jo052101r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The activation parameters and optimized structures of the reactants and transition states in the S(N)2 reactions of substituted pyridines and N,N-dimethylanilines with methyl iodide were computed at the DFT level in different solvents. The measured and calculated deltaG/deltaH/deltaS versus sigma plots proved to be linear, and their slopes, the deltadeltaG, deltadeltaH, and deltadeltaS reaction constants, were determined. The least solvent-dependent deltadeltaG reaction constants can be computed with acceptable accuracy. The calculated deltadeltaS data decrease only very slightly with the jointly increasing electron-withdrawing effect of the substituents and tightness of the transition states. The measured deltadeltaS values are influenced mainly by the change of solvation in the reactions, and deltadeltaH is also influenced by the reorganization of the solvent. Consequently, the experimental and calculated deltadeltaS and deltadeltaH reaction constants may deviate considerably from each other. In dipolar aprotic solvents the measured deltadeltaS was less than zero, and in protic solvents it was greater than zero. The ordering of the solvent molecules around the transition state with increasing charge is increased in the former but decreased in the latter media, as compared to the bulk of the solvents. The calculated deltaG(o), deltaH(o), and deltaS(o) parameters of the unsubstituted compounds agree relatively well with the experimental data for reactions of neutral molecules in dipolar aprotic solvents (e.g., XC6H4N(CH3)2 + CH3I). On the other hand, the measured and calculated activation parameters may show considerable deviations for reactions of ions (e.g., XC5H4NCH3+ + I-) and for any reaction in protic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Ruff
- Department of Organic Chemistry, L. Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary.
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Nummert V, Piirsalu M, Mäemets V, Koppel I. Kinetic study of hydrolysis of benzoates. Part XXIV—Variation of theortho substituent effect with solvent in the alkaline hydrolysis of substituted phenyl benzoates. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Baratta W, Mealli C, Herdtweck E, Ienco A, Mason SA, Rigo P. Nonclassical vs Classical Metal···H3C−C Interactions: Accurate Characterization of a 14-Electron Ruthenium(II) System by Neutron Diffraction, Database Analysis, Solution Dynamics, and DFT Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:5549-62. [PMID: 15113226 DOI: 10.1021/ja038986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A neutron diffraction study of the complex RuCl(2)[PPh(2)(2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))](2) (1) defines the precise nature of the delta agostic interactions between the unsaturated metal center and two o-methyl groups of the xylyl substituents. The CH(3) carbon atoms lie in the RuP(2) equatorial plane with Ru...C distances of 2.637(7) and 2.668(6) A, whereas four short Ru.H distances (from 2.113(11) to 2.507(11) A) indicate that each methyl group interacts with two C-H bonds. A survey of the X-ray structures with beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon M...H(3)C-C moieties (no neutron data have been previously reported) shows a linear correlation between the angle M.C-C and the torsion of the methyl group about the C-C bond. Thus, the agostic interactions span the range between the classical (M...eta(2)-HC) and the nonclassical (M...eta(3)-H(2)C) types. A solution study of 1 shows intramolecular rearrangement of each xylyl substituent that equilibrates the environments of its two ortho CH(3) groups. Activation parameters, evaluated from the analysis of (1)H NMR line shape as a function of temperature, are Delta H(++) = 9.6 +/- 0.2 kcal mol(-1) with Delta S(++) = -15.4 +/- 0.7 eu (CDCl(3)). The related 14-electron complexes RuX(2)[PPh(2)(2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))](2) (X = I, 2; NCO, 3), prepared from 1 and NaX, show a similar dynamic process in solution, with the iodo derivative displaying the most hindered rotation of the xylyl group. A DFT optimization of the complex RuCl(2)[PH(2)(2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))](2) (1a) reproduces well the nonclassical Ru...eta(3)-H(2)C agostic mode, whereas the classical Ru...eta(2)-HC one corresponds to a transition state 1b, destabilized by 3.4 kcal mol(-1). A similar barrier (ca. 3.8 kcal mol(-1)) is calculated for the xylyl rotation in the further simplified model RuCl(2)[PH(2)(2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))][PH(2)CH[double bond]CHCH(3)] (1c), the absence of bulky phenyl substituents being largely responsible for the difference with respect to the experimental value. Finally, the MO analysis addresses the intrinsic stability of the 14-electron complex RuCl(2)(PH(3))(2) and, in agostic complexes, accounts for the different interactions between the methyl group and the metal atom in relation to the length of their interconnecting chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
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