1
|
Cardona-G W, Robledo SM, Prieto LJ, Yépes AF. S-allylCysteine Ester/Caffeic Acid Amide Hybrids as Promising Antiprotozoal Candidates: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
2
|
Jamir K, Seshagirirao K. Purification, biochemical characterization and antioxidant property of ZCPG, a cysteine protease from Zingiber montanum rhizome. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:719-729. [PMID: 28830774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Zingiber montanum cysteine protease glycoprotein (ZCPG) was purified to homogeneity by DEAE- cellulose and Sephadex G50 resulting in sixteen fold purification and total activity of 39.4U/mg. ZCPG presented a prominent single peak in HPLC chromatogram with an estimated molecular weight of 48kDa on native PAGE. SDS-PAGE gave two subunits of ∼24.3 and ∼24.6kDa showing its heterodimeric form. Protein sequencing was studied by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Isoelectrofocusing exhibited two isoforms with pI values of 4.8 and 5.1. Analysis of the total carbohydrate by GC-MS/MS showed the presence of glucose, mannose, fucose and xylose. The pH and temperature optimum were 9 and 60°C respectively while Km and Vmax values were 0.5±0.03μg and 13.73±2.07U/ml respectively. ZCPG was strongly inhibited by NEM indicating the cysteine-type. Substrates such as casein, azocasein, gelatin, BSA and haemoglobin showed high relative activity. Metal ions of CuCl2, CoCl2, HgCl2 and ZnCl2 showed partial inhibition at 1mM concentration. Furthermore, ZCPG exhibited promising antioxidant activity in biochemical systems as well as THP-1 cells. These findings suggested, ZCPG with significant antioxidant activity might have potential applications in therapeutic and food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kizukala Jamir
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Kottapalli Seshagirirao
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jackson PA, Widen JC, Harki DA, Brummond KM. Covalent Modifiers: A Chemical Perspective on the Reactivity of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls with Thiols via Hetero-Michael Addition Reactions. J Med Chem 2017; 60:839-885. [PMID: 27996267 PMCID: PMC5308545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although Michael acceptors display a potent and broad spectrum of bioactivity, they have largely been ignored in drug discovery because of their presumed indiscriminate reactivity. As such, a dearth of information exists relevant to the thiol reactivity of natural products and their analogues possessing this moiety. In the midst of recently approved acrylamide-containing drugs, it is clear that a good understanding of the hetero-Michael addition reaction and the relative reactivities of biological thiols with Michael acceptors under physiological conditions is needed for the design and use of these compounds as biological tools and potential therapeutics. This Perspective provides information that will contribute to this understanding, such as kinetics of thiol addition reactions, bioactivities, as well as steric and electronic factors that influence the electrophilicity and reversibility of Michael acceptors. This Perspective is focused on α,β-unsaturated carbonyls given their preponderance in bioactive natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - John C. Widen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel A. Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kay M. Brummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lima-Junior CG, Vasconcellos MLAA. Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts: biological activities and potentialities to the discovery of new cheaper drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3954-71. [PMID: 22632793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to present by the first time the Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHA) as a new class of bioactive compounds and highlight its potentialities to the discovery of new cheaper and efficient drugs. Now, most these compounds can be prepared fast and on a single synthetic step (one-pot reaction) in high yields and using ecofriendly synthetic protocols. We highlight here the aromatic MBHA, which have shown diverse biological activities as anti-Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis (parasites that cause cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis), anti-Trypanosoma cruzi (parasite that cause Chagas disease), anti-Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei (parasites that cause malaria), lethal against Biomphalaria glabrata (the snail transmitter of schistosomiasis), antibacterial, antifungal, herbicide and actives against some human tumor cell lines. Understanding of the biological mechanisms of action of this new class of molecules is still in the infancy stage. However, we report here which has been described to date on the possibilities of biological mechanisms of action, and we present new analyzes based on literature in this area. The academic and industrial interest in selecting green and cheaper experiments to the drugs development has been the prime mover of the growth on the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio G Lima-Junior
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal da Paraíba (LASOM-PB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa PB 58059-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guantai EM, Ncokazi K, Egan TJ, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Bhampidipati R, Kopinathan A, Smith PJ, Chibale K. Enone- and chalcone-chloroquinoline hybrid analogues: in silico guided design, synthesis, antiplasmodial activity, in vitro metabolism, and mechanistic studies. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3637-49. [PMID: 21500839 PMCID: PMC3104272 DOI: 10.1021/jm200149e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the previously reported antimalarial hybrid compounds 8b and 12 were proposed with the aim of identifying compounds with improved solubility and retained antimalarial potency. In silico characterization predicted improved solubilities of the analogues, particularly at low pH; they retained acceptable predicted permeability properties but were predicted to be susceptible to hepatic metabolism. These analogues were synthesized and found to exhibit notable in vitro antimalarial activity. Compounds 25 and 27 were the most active of the analogues. In vitro metabolism studies indicated susceptibility of the analogues to hepatic metabolism. There was also evidence of primary glucuronidation for analogues 24-27. Presumed cis-trans isomerism of 12, 22, and 23 under in vitro metabolism assay conditions was also observed, with differences in the nature and rates of metabolism observed between isomers. Biochemical studies strongly suggested that inhibition of hemozoin formation is the primary mechanism of action of these analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Guantai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Kanyile Ncokazi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ravi Bhampidipati
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anitha Kopinathan
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krenske EH, Petter RC, Zhu Z, Houk KN. Transition States and Energetics of Nucleophilic Additions of Thiols to Substituted α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: Substituent Effects Involve Enone Stabilization, Product Branching, and Solvation. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5074-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200761w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Krenske
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Russell C. Petter
- Avila Therapeutics, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Avila Therapeutics, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mulliner D, Wondrousch D, Schüürmann G. Predicting Michael-acceptor reactivity and toxicity through quantum chemical transition-state calculations. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8400-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
8
|
Paasche A, Schiller M, Schirmeister T, Engels B. Mechanistic study of the reaction of thiol-containing enzymes with alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl substrates by computation and chemoassays. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:869-80. [PMID: 20401893 PMCID: PMC7162195 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the reactions between substituted α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds (Michael systems) and thiols by computations as well as chemoassays. The results give insight into variations in the underlying mechanisms as a function of the substitution pattern. This is of interest for the mechanisms of inhibition of the SARS coronavirus main protease (SARS‐CoV Mpro) by etacrynic acid derivatives as well as for the excess toxicity of substituted α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This study compares possible reaction courses including 1,4‐addition followed by a ketonization step, and underscores the importance of a base‐catalyzed step for the reactivity of thiol groups in enzymes. Phenyl and methyl substituents at the Michael system decrease the reactivity of the electrophilic compound, but chlorophenyl substituents partly recover the reactivity. Computations also indicate that electron‐pushing substituents lead to a change in the reaction mechanism. The conformation of the Michael system is also found to significantly influence reactivity: the s‐cis conformation leads to higher reactivity than the s‐trans conformation. The computed data explain the trends in measured inhibition potencies of substituted α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and of reaction rates in chemical assays. They also indicate that the reversibility of inhibition does not stand in contrast to the formation of a new covalent bond between inhibitor and protease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Paasche
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagarathnam R, Rengasamy A, Balasubramanian R. Purification and properties of cysteine protease from rhizomes of Curcuma longa (Linn.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:97-105. [PMID: 20355018 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Linn.) contains proteases and has proteolytic activity. Curcumin from turmeric rhizomes has been used for healing many ailments, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to purify turmeric protease and to research their biochemical characteristics [corrected]. RESULTS Cysteine protease from C. domestica has been purified to homogeneity using acetone precipitation followed by preparatory native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). This protocol resulted in six fold purification with 28% final recovery. The purified turmeric protease showed a prominent single peak and band on high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, respectively, and an estimated molecular weight of 43 KDa, and exhibited optimal activity between 37 and 60 degrees C. The protease activity of the turmeric protease was significantly inhibited by iodoacetic acid. The turmeric protease had higher alanine and glutamate content and cleaved synthetic peptides N-Cbz-Ile-Pro and N-Cbz-Phe-Leu in a time-dependent manner. Peptide mass fingerprint using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy revealed peptide matches to proteasome subunit alpha type 3 of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica (Rice). The turmeric protease showed antifungal activity at 10 microg mL(-1) towards pathogens Pythium aphanidermatum, Trichoderma viride and Fusarium sp. CONCLUSION Cysteine addition significantly activated turmeric protease. The protease inhibition test suggested that turmeric protease belonged to the cysteine type. The biochemical characteristics of turmeric protease described in this paper can provide useful information for potential end uses of turmeric protease for pharmaceutical industry applications such as therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam
- Centre for Advanced studies in Botany, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alonso M, Chicharro R, Miranda C, Arán VJ, Maestro MA, Herradón B. X-ray Diffraction, Solution Structure, and Computational Studies on Derivatives of (3-sec-Butyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-4-ylidene)acetic Acid: Compounds with Activity as Calpain Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2009; 75:342-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902091u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alonso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Chicharro
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Miranda
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente J. Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Maestro
- Departamento de Quıímica Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Bernardo Herradón
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
QM/QM studies for Michael reaction in coronavirus main protease (3CL Pro). J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:275-85. [PMID: 18567519 PMCID: PMC7110475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a novel corona virus wherein the main proteinase called 3CLPro has been established as a target for drug design. The mechanism of action involves nucleophilic attack by Cys145 present in the active site on the carbonyl carbon of the scissile amide bond of the substrate and the intermediate product is stabilized by hydrogen bonds with the residues of the oxyanion hole. Based on the X-ray structure of 3CLPro co-crystallized with a trans-α,β-unsaturated ethyl ester (Michael acceptor), a set of QM/QM and QM/MM calculations were performed, yielding three models with increasingly higher the number of atoms. A previous validation step was performed using classical theoretical calculation and PROCHECK software. The Michael reaction studies show an exothermic process with −4.5 kcal/mol. During the reaction pathway, an intermediate is formed by hydrogen and water molecule migration from a histidine residue and solvent, respectively. In addition, similar with experimental results, the complex between N3 and 3CLPro is 578 kcal/mol more stable than N1-3CLPro using Own N-layer Integrated molecular Orbital molecular Mechanics (ONIOM) approach. We suggest 3CLPro inhibitors need small polar groups to decrease the energy barrier for alkylation reaction. These results can be useful for the development of new compounds against SARS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bah S, Paulsen BS, Diallo D, Johansen HT. Characterization of cysteine proteases in Malian medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 107:189-98. [PMID: 16621376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracts form 10 different Malian medicinal plants with a traditional use against schistosomiasis were investigated for their possible content of proteolytic activity. The proteolytic activity was studied by measuring the hydrolysis of two synthetic peptide substrates Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-NHMec and Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec. Legumain- and papain-like activities were found in all tested crude extracts except those from Entada africana, with the papain-like activity being the strongest. Cissus quadrangularis, Securidaca longepedunculata and Stylosanthes erecta extracts showed high proteolytic activities towards both substrates. After gel filtration the proteolytic activity towards the substrate Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-NHMec in root extract of Securidaca longepedunculata appeared to have Mr of 30 and 97kDa, while the activity in extracts from Cissus quadrangularis was at 39kDa. Enzymatic activity cleaving the substrate Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec showed apparent Mr of 97 and 26kDa in extracts from roots and leaves of Securidaca longepedunculata, while in Cissus quadrangularis extracts the activity eluted at 39 and 20kDa, with the highest activity in the latter. All Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec activities were inhibited by E-64 but unaffected by PMSF. The legumain activity was unaffected by E-64 and PMSF. The SDS-PAGE analysis exhibited five distinct gelatinolytic bands for Cissus quadrangularis extracts (115, 59, 31, 22 and 20kDa), while two bands (59 and 30kDa) were detected in Securidaca longepedunculata extracts. The inhibition profile of the gelatinolytic bands and that of the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrates indicate the cysteine protease class of the proteolytic activities. Several cysteine protease activities with different molecular weights along with a strong variability of these activities between species as well as between plant parts from the same species were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sékou Bah
- University of Oslo, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hartman RF, Rose SD. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Addition of Nucleophiles to α,β-Unsaturated Thiol Esters. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6342-50. [PMID: 16901114 DOI: 10.1021/jo060191+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compounds containing the UV-absorbing chromophores p-methoxycinnamate, p-methoxycinnamide, or anthranilate and an alpha,beta- or alpha,beta,gamma,delta-unsaturated thiol ester (crotonyl or sorboyl) have been prepared. These compounds are subject to nucleophilic attack at the C=C conjugated to the thiol ester carbonyl group. The kinetics of the reactions of these thiol esters with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), N-acetylcysteamine, and N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine (NAL) have been studied, and the thiol addition products have been identified. The reaction rates increased at higher pH, and the reaction of NAC thiolate with a crotonyl thiol ester in 1:1 (v/v) acetonitrile/aqueous HEPES exhibited buffer catalysis as a result of protonation of the enolate intermediate. At the same concentration, NAC underwent approximately 300-fold more reaction than NAL with a crotonyl thiol ester at pH 9.8. Additionally, a crotonyl thiol ester was found to be 7.9 times more reactive than a sorboyl thiol ester toward NAC addition. These unsaturated thiol esters may serve as a means of covalently binding UVA and UVB sunscreens to the outer layer of skin to provide long-lasting protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie F Hartman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|