Burov ON, Kletskii ME, Kurbatov SV, Lisovin AV, Fedik NS. Mechanisms of nitric oxide generation in living systems.
Nitric Oxide 2021;
118:1-16. [PMID:
34688861 DOI:
10.1016/j.niox.2021.10.003]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In modern chemical and biochemical studies, special attention is paid to molecular systems capable of generating nitric oxide (NO), which is one of the most important signalling molecules in the body and can trigger a whole cascade of reactions. Despite the importance of this molecule, the mechanisms of its formation in living organisms remain a subject of debate. This review combines the most important methods of releasing NO from endogenous and exogenous sources. The history of endogenous NO donors dates back more than 150 years, since the synthesis of nitroglycerin, which remains the standard vasodilator today, even though it is known that it and many other similar compounds lead to the development of a nitrate tolerance. Particular awareness is devoted to the mechanisms of NO formation without the participation of enzymes, since these methods are most important for creating exogenous sources of NO as drugs. The study of NO formation methods is centred on both the creation of new NO donors and understanding the mechanisms of tolerance to them.
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