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Geometric, Electronic, and Optoelectronic Properties of Carbon-Based Polynuclear C 3O[C(CN) 2] 2M 3 (where M = Li, Na, and K) Clusters: A DFT Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041827. [PMID: 36838816 PMCID: PMC9965956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based polynuclear clusters are designed and investigated for geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Significant binding energies per atom (ranging from -162.4 to -160.0 kcal mol-1) indicate excellent thermodynamic stabilities of these polynuclear clusters. The frontier molecular orbital (FMOs) analysis indicates excess electron nature of the clusters with low ionization potential, suggesting that they are alkali-like. The decreased energy gaps (EH-L) with increased alkali metals size revael the improved electrical conductivity (σ). The total density of state (TDOS) study reveals the alkali metals' size-dependent electronic and conductive properties. The significant first and second hyperpolarizabilities are observed up to 5.78 × 103 and 5.55 × 106 au, respectively. The βo response shows dependence on the size of alkali metals. Furthermore, the absorption study shows transparency of these clusters in the deep-UV, and absorptions are observed at longer wavelengths (redshifted). The optical gaps from TD-DFT are considerably smaller than those of HOMO-LUMO gaps. The significant scattering hyperpolarizability (βHRS) value (1.62 × 104) is calculated for the C3 cluster, where octupolar contribution to βHRS is 92%. The dynamic first hyperpolarizability β(ω) is more pronounced for the EOPE effect at 532 nm, whereas SHG has notable values for second hyperpolarizability γ(ω).
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2
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Dynamic hetero-metallic bondings visualized by sequential atom imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2968. [PMID: 35624108 PMCID: PMC9142510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, chemistry has been developed to obtain thermodynamically stable and isolable compounds such as molecules and solids by chemical reactions. However, recent developments in computational chemistry have placed increased importance on studying the dynamic assembly and disassembly of atoms and molecules formed in situ. This study directly visualizes the formation and dissociation dynamics of labile dimers and trimers at atomic resolution with elemental identification. The video recordings of many homo- and hetero-metallic dimers are carried out by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with elemental identification based on the Z-contrast principle. Even short-lived molecules with low probability of existence such as AuAg, AgCu, and AuAgCu are directly visualized as a result of identifying moving atoms at low electron doses. The dynamic assembly and disassembly of atoms and molecules is challenging to characterize in real time, with atomic resolution and elemental identification. Here, the authors report direct observation of more than twenty homo and hetero-metallic compounds, including labile Ag-Cu dimers and Au-Ag-Cu trimers.
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3
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Settem M, Ferrando R, Giacomello A. Tempering of Au nanoclusters: capturing the temperature-dependent competition among structural motifs. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:939-952. [PMID: 34988565 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05078h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A computational approach to determine the equilibrium structures of nanoclusters in the whole temperature range from 0 K to melting is developed. Our approach relies on Parallel Tempering Molecular Dynamics (PTMD) simulations complemented by Harmonic Superposition Approximation (HSA) calculations and global optimization searches, thus combining the accuracy of global optimization and HSA in describing the low-energy part of configuration space, together with the PTMD thorough sampling of high-energy configurations. This combined methodology is shown to be instrumental towards revealing the temperature-dependent structural motifs in Au nanoclusters of sizes 90, 147, and 201 atoms. The reported phenomenology is particularly rich, displaying a size- and temperature-dependent competition between the global energy minimum and other structural motifs. In the case of Au90 and Au147, the global minimum is also the dominant structure at finite temperatures. In contrast, the Au201 cluster undergoes a solid-solid transformation at low temperature (<200 K). Results indicate that PTMD and HSA very well agree at intermediate temperatures, between 300 and 400 K. For higher temperatures, PTMD gives an accurate description of equilibrium, while HSA fails in describing the melting range. On the other hand, HSA is more efficient in catching low-temperature structural transitions. Finally, we describe the elusive structures close to the melting region which can present complex and defective geometries, that are otherwise difficult to characterize through experimental imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Settem
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ferrando
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Genova and CNR-IMEM, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Giacomello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
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4
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Ahsin A, Ayub K. Extremely large static and dynamic nonlinear optical response of small superalkali clusters NM 3M' (M, M'=Li, Na, K). J Mol Graph Model 2021; 109:108031. [PMID: 34536836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exploring novel nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with excess electron properties is essential for advancing the use of excess electron compounds in optics. The studied superalkali clusters NM3M' (M, M' = Li, Na, K) are thermodynamically stable and their binding energies range from -27.10 to -53.84 kcal mol-1. The observed significant values for VIPs suggest their electronic stabilities. Being excess electron candidate these clusters show significant βo value (3.9 × 107 au), which nicely correlates the hyperpolarizability reported by a two-level model (βtl). Furthermore, these clusters exhibit a remarkable static second hyperpolarizability (γo) value of 1.1 × 1010 au for the NK4 superalkali cluster. The hyper Rayleigh scattering (βHRS) is also computed where the highest value of 2.9 × 107 is recorded for NNa3K superalkali. The obtained values of βvec values (projection of hyperpolarizability on dipole moment vector) also signify the excellent nonlinearity of clusters. Besides, the calculated electro-optica pockel's effect β(-ω; ω,0) and second harmonic generation β(-2ω; ω, ω) values are much pronounced at larger dispersion frequency ω = 1064 nm. Moreover, the frequency-dependent second hyperpolarizability γ(ω) with dc-Kerr effect γ(-ω; ω,0,0) and electric field induced second harmonic generation γ(-2ω; ω,ω,0) show larger values at ω = 1064 nm. Thus the highest value of the dc-Kerr constant increases up to 1.0 × 1011 au which also signifies the larger nonlinear refractive index of the studied cluster. We hope this work could open up new possibilities using superalkali clusters as NLO materials for optoelectronics, laser, second harmonic generation and as frequency doubler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atazaz Ahsin
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK, 22060, Pakistan.
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5
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Bakhsh S, Liu X, Wang Y, He L, Ren X. Beryllium and Magnesium Metal Clusters: New Globally Stable Structures and G0W0 Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1424-1435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunila Bakhsh
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Supercomputing Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yanyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lixin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Ahmadi A, Kassaee MZ, Ayoubi‐Chianeh M, Fattahi A. Gold at crossroads of radical generation and scavenging at density functional theory level: Nitrogen and oxygen free radicals versus their precursors in the face of nanogold. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Alireza Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
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7
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Loginova AS, Savintseva LA, Ignatov SK. Structure and electronic excitation spectra of low-lying isomers of Aun clusters (n = 2–20). A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Engel J, Francis S, Roldan A. The influence of support materials on the structural and electronic properties of gold nanoparticles – a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19011-19025. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of commonly used support materials (MgO, C, CeO2) on small gold particles using dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT-D).
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9
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Vishwanathan K, Springborg M. Retracted Article: A highest stable cluster Au 58 ( C 1) re-optimized via a density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) approach. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11357-11366. [PMID: 35542769 PMCID: PMC9079119 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13171b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational spectrum ω i of a re-optimized neutral gold cluster Au58 has been calculated using a numerical finite-difference approach and the density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. We have exactly predicted the vibrational frequency ranging from 3.88 through to 304.49 cm-1 which depends on the size and the arrangement of the atoms in the nanoparticle morphology of the cluster at ΔE = 0. Our investigation has revealed that the vibrational spectrum is strongly influenced by size and structure. It is well known that gold atomic clusters can have planar or hollow cage-like structures due to their relativistic effect. However, in our study, by first principles calculations on a Au58 cluster we have proposed that gold clusters of medium size can form a shell-like structure (skeleton/helmet), this is demonstrated by the remarkable robustness of a double shell structure with a hollow inner shell of about ten atoms. Finally, the structure symmetry (C 1) is confirmed through the cluster size, vibrational spectroscopy, and by studying the effect of temperature on a neutral gold cluster for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vishwanathan
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Saarland 66123 Saarbrücken Germany +49-0151-63119680
| | - M Springborg
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Saarland 66123 Saarbrücken Germany +49-0151-63119680
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10
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Buendía F, Vargas JA, Johnston RL, Beltrán MR. Study of the stability of small AuRh clusters found by a Genetic Algorithm methodology. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Khetrapal NS, Bulusu SS, Zeng XC. Structural Evolution of Gold Clusters Aun– (n = 21–25) Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2466-2474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh Khetrapal
- Department of Chemistry
and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Satya S. Bulusu
- School
of Basic Sciences, Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 452 017, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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12
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The Lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Atomic Diffusion and Structural Transition for Gold. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33128. [PMID: 27629538 PMCID: PMC5024106 DOI: 10.1038/srep33128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For the kinetic simulation of metal nanoparticles, we developed a self-consistent coordination-averaged energies for Au atoms based on energy properties of gold bulk phases. The energy barrier of the atom pairing change is proposed and holds for the microscopic reversibility principle. By applying the lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulation on gold films, we found that the atomic diffusion of Au on the Au(111) surface undergoes a late transition state with an energy barrier of about 0.2 eV and a prefactor between 40~50 Å2/ps. This study also investigates the structural transition from spherical to faceted gold nanoparticles upon heating. The temperatures of structural transition are in agreement with the experimental melting temperatures of gold nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 2 nm to 8 nm.
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13
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Trombach L, Rampino S, Wang LS, Schwerdtfeger P. Hollow Gold Cages and Their Topological Relationship to Dual Fullerenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:8823-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Trombach
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study; Massey University Auckland; Private Bag 102904 0632 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Brown University; 324 Brook Street Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study; Massey University Auckland; Private Bag 102904 0632 Auckland New Zealand
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14
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Mancera LA, Benoit DM. Vibrational anharmonicity of small gold and silver clusters using the VSCF method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:529-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the vibrational spectra of small neutral gold (Au2–Au10) and silver (Ag2–Au5) clusters using the vibrational self-consistent field method (VSCF) in order to account for anharmonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Mancera
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Ulm
- D-89069 Ulm
- Germany
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15
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Buendía F, Vargas JA, Beltrán MR, Davis JBA, Johnston RL. A comparative study of AumRhn (4 ≤ m + n ≤ 6) clusters in the gas phase versus those deposited on (100) MgO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22122-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03735f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combined use of a genetic algorithm and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations allows us to explore the potential energy surface. Our results show interesting effects on the geometries of the clusters on deposition. Two-dimensional clusters in the gas phase become three-dimensional and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Buendía
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México D.F
- Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México D.F
- Mexico
| | - Marcela R. Beltrán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México D.F
- Mexico
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16
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Valadbeigi Y, Ilbeigi V, Farrokhpour H. Ionization energies, electron affinities, and binding energies of Li-doped gold nanoclusters. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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An alternative methodology to assess the quality of empirical potentials for small gold clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Mancera LA, Benoit DM. The Nature and Role of the Gold–Krypton Interactions in Small Neutral Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3075-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jp513021q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Mancera
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - David M. Benoit
- The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
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19
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Buendía F, Beltrán MR, Zhang X, Liu G, Buytendyk A, Bowen K. Ab initio and anion photoelectron study of AunRhm (n = 1–7, m = 1–2) clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:28219-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT calculations study on AunRhm (n = 1–7 and m = 1–2). PES spectra, vertical and adiabatic detachment energies, are compared. The characteristic planarity for gold clusters is preserved for many of the bimetallic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Buendía
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México D.F
- Mexico
| | - Marcela R. Beltrán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México D.F
- Mexico
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | | | - Kit Bowen
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
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20
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Doroshenko AA, Nechaev IV, Vvedenskii AV. Quantum-chemical modeling of gas-phase adsorption of the hydroxyl radical on IB metal clusters Me n (n = 2–8). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602441409012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Schaefer B, Pal R, Khetrapal NS, Amsler M, Sadeghi A, Blum V, Zeng XC, Goedecker S, Wang LS. Isomerism and structural fluxionality in the Au26 and Au26(-) nanoclusters. ACS NANO 2014; 8:7413-7422. [PMID: 24960331 DOI: 10.1021/nn502641q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using the minima hopping global optimization method at the density functional level, we found low-energy nanostructures for neutral Au26 and its anion. The local-density and a generalized gradient approximation of the exchange–correlation functional predict different nanoscale motifs. We found a vast number of isomers within a small energy range above the respective putative global minima with each method. Photoelectron spectroscopy of Au26(-) under different experimental conditions revealed definitive evidence of the presence of multiple isomers, consistent with the theoretical predictions. Comparison between the experimental and simulated photoelectron spectra suggests that the photoelectron spectra of Au26(-) contain a mixture of three isomers, all of which are low-symmetry core–shell-type nanoclusters with a single internal Au atom. We present a disconnectivity graph for Au26(-) that has been computed completely at the density functional level. The transition states used to build this disconnectivity graph are complete enough to predict Au26(-) to have a possible fluxional shell, which facilitates the understanding of its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schaefer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Gould AL, Heard CJ, Logsdail AJ, Catlow CRA. Segregation effects on the properties of (AuAg)147. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21049-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00753k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Hansen JA, Piecuch P, Levine BG. Communication: Determining the lowest-energy isomer of Au8: 2D, or not 2D. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:091101. [PMID: 24028093 DOI: 10.1063/1.4819693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A parallel numerical derivative code, combined with parallel implementation of the coupled-cluster method with singles, doubles, and non-iterative triples (CCSD(T)), is used to optimize the geometries of the low-energy structures of the Au8 particle. The effects of geometry relaxation at the CCSD(T) level and the combined effects of the basis set and core-valence correlations are examined and the results are compared with the corresponding second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory calculations. The highest-level computations, in which the single-point CCSD(T) calculations employing the correlation-consistent basis set of the cc-pVTZ quality and the associated relativistic effective core potential (ECP), both optimized for gold, and correlating the 5d(10)6s(1) valence and 5s(2)5p(6) semi-core electrons, are combined with the geometrical information obtained with the corresponding CCSD(T)/cc-pVDZ/ECP approach, favor the planar configuration, with the next three non-planar structures separated by 4-6 kcal/mol. In agreement with the earlier work, smaller-basis set CCSD(T) computations provide unreliable results for the relative energetics, even when the geometries are optimized at the CCSD(T) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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24
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25
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Smith S, Hamilton I. Hydrogen atom transfer in alkane thiol-gold cluster complexes: A density functional theory study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Götz DA, Schäfer R, Schwerdtfeger P. The performance of density functional and wavefunction-based methods for 2D and 3D structures of Au10. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:1975-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Götz
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt; Germany
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt; Germany
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Albany; 0745; Auckland; New Zealand
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27
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The geometric structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Rb2Aun (n=1–10) clusters: A density functional theory study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Mancera LA, Benoit DM. Towards an understanding of the vibrational spectrum of the neutral Au7cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1929-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Baishya S, Deka RC. Exploring structures, electronic and reactivity properties of Au6Hn (n=1–12) clusters: A DFT approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Damianos K, Ferrando R. Determination of the structures of small gold clusters on stepped magnesia by density functional calculations. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:1101-1108. [PMID: 22057693 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The structural modifications of small supported gold clusters caused by realistic surface defects (steps) in the MgO(001) support are investigated by computational methods. The most stable gold cluster structures on a stepped MgO(001) surface are searched for in the size range up to 24 Au atoms, and locally optimized by density-functional calculations. Several structural motifs are found within energy differences of 1 eV: inclined leaflets, arched leaflets, pyramidal hollow cages and compact structures. We show that the interaction with the step clearly modifies the structures with respect to adsorption on the flat defect-free surface. We find that leaflet structures clearly dominate for smaller sizes. These leaflets are either inclined and quasi-horizontal, or arched, at variance with the case of the flat surface in which vertical leaflets prevail. With increasing cluster size pyramidal hollow cages begin to compete against leaflet structures. Cage structures become more and more favourable as size increases. The only exception is size 20, at which the tetrahedron is found as the most stable isomer. This tetrahedron is however quite distorted. The comparison of two different exchange-correlation functionals (Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof and local density approximation) show the same qualitative trends.
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GAO YI, ZHAO YU, ZENG XC. REEXAMINATION OF LOW ENERGY STRUCTURES OF ${\rm Au}_{4}^{-}$ AND Au4. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633610005499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Low energy isomers of [Formula: see text] and Au4 were reexamined using the hybrid density functional B3LYP method and the couple-cluster method with the aug-cc-pVDZ-PP and aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis sets. For [Formula: see text], the B3LYP method favors the zigzag isomer and the second order Moller–Plesset perturbation (MP2) total energy calculation favors the D2h rhombus isomer, whereas the couple-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] level of theory favors the Y-shaped C2v isomer. The pyramid isomer is much higher in energy and could be easily excluded. The Gibbs free energy correction based on harmonic approximation suggests that the zigzag isomer is lower in free energy than the D2h rhombus isomer at 298.15 K. These results confirm that the Y-shaped C2v isomer is the global minimum at both 0 K and room temperature and is thus the major isomer to account for the experimental photoelectron spectrum. The zigzag isomer is suggested, as a minor isomer, to account for the weak second peak at 3.40 eV in the experimental photoelectron spectrum. For neutral Au4 , the zigzag isomer is more stable than D2h rhombus isomer at the B3LYP level and the D2h rhombus isomer is the global minimum on basis of all post Hartree–Fock levels of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- YI GAO
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - YU ZHAO
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - X. C. ZENG
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Benoit DM, Madebene B, Ulusoy I, Mancera L, Scribano Y, Chulkov S. Towards a scalable and accurate quantum approach for describing vibrations of molecule-metal interfaces. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 2:427-447. [PMID: 22003450 PMCID: PMC3190614 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical framework for the computation of anharmonic vibrational frequencies for large systems, with a particular focus on determining adsorbate frequencies from first principles. We give a detailed account of our local implementation of the vibrational self-consistent field approach and its correlation corrections. We show that our approach is both robust, accurate and can be easily deployed on computational grids in order to provide an efficient computational tool. We also present results on the vibrational spectrum of hydrogen fluoride on pyrene, on the thiophene molecule in the gas phase, and on small neutral gold clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Benoit
- Nachwuchsgruppe Theorie – SFB 569, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Madebene
- L.A.D.I.R Boite 49, Bat F74, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Inga Ulusoy
- Technische Universität München, Theoretical Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Luis Mancera
- Theoretical Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yohann Scribano
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne,UMR 5209 CNRS – Université de Bourgogne, 9 av. A. Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sergey Chulkov
- Nachwuchsgruppe Theorie – SFB 569, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Amft M, Sanyal B, Eriksson O, Skorodumova NV. Small gold clusters on graphene, their mobility and clustering: a DFT study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:205301. [PMID: 21540499 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/20/205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the experimentally observed high mobility of gold atoms on graphene and their tendency to form nanometer-sized clusters, we present a density functional theory study of the ground state structures of small gold clusters on graphene, their mobility and clustering. Our detailed analysis of the electronic structures identifies the opportunity to form strong gold-gold bonds and the graphene-mediated interaction of the pre-adsorbed fragments as the driving forces behind gold's tendency to aggregate on graphene. While clusters containing up to three gold atoms have one unambiguous ground state structure, both gas phase isomers of a cluster with four gold atoms can be found on graphene. In the gas phase the diamond-shaped Au(4)(D) cluster is the ground state structure, whereas the Y-shaped Au(4)(Y) becomes the actual ground state when adsorbed on graphene. As we show, both clusters can be produced on graphene by two distinct clustering processes. We also studied in detail the stepwise formation of a gold dimer out of two pre-adsorbed adatoms, as well as the formation of Au(3). All reactions are exothermic and no further activation barriers, apart from the diffusion barriers, were found. The diffusion barriers of all studied clusters range from 4 to 36 meV only, and are substantially exceeded by the adsorption energies of - 0.1 to - 0.59 eV. This explains the high mobility of Au(1-4) on graphene along the C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Amft
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wang SJ, Kuang XY, Lu C, Li YF, Zhao YR. Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of Pt-group-doped gold clusters, their relationship to cluster size, and comparison with pure gold clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10119-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shi YK, Li ZH, Fan KN. Validation of Density Functional Methods for the Calculation of Small Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:10297-308. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105428b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang-Nian Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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Camacho C, Witek HA, Cimiraglia R. The low-lying states of the scandium dimer. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:244306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3442374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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All-Electron Scalar Relativistic Calculation on the Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide onto Small Gold Clusters. Catal Letters 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-010-0357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Danovich D, Shaik S. Bound Triplet Pairs in the Highest Spin States of Coinage Metal Clusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:1479-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100088u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Danovich
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Lise-Meitner Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Lise-Meitner Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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40
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Dong CD, Gong XG. Gold cluster beyond hollow cage: A double shell structure of Au58. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:104301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3324961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Teng YL, Kohyama M, Haruta M, Xu Q. Infrared spectroscopic and theoretical studies on the formation of Au2NO− and AunNO (n=2–5) in solid argon. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:134511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Muñiz J, Sansores LE, Pyykkö P, Martínez A, Salcedo R. Theoretical study on the series of [Au3Cl3M2] complexes, with M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. J Mol Model 2009; 15:1165-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-009-0467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Botana J, Pereiro M, Baldomir D, Arias JE. Bidimensionality of 8-atom clusters of Au: first principles study and comparison with Ag clusters. Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fabiano E, Piacenza M, Della Sala F. Structural and electronic properties of gold microclusters: assessment of the localized Hartree–Fock method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:9160-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b911302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mononuclear, dinuclear, and hexanuclear goldI complexes with (aza-15-crown-5)dithiocarbamate. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:1597-606. [PMID: 18237120 DOI: 10.1021/ic702252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of sodium (aza-15-crown-5)dithiocarbamate with [AuClL] precursors lead to mono-, di-, or hexanuclear derivatives depending on L. The homoleptic hexanuclear gold(I) cluster [Au6(S2CNC10H20O4)6] is formed by displacement of the chloride and isocyanide ligands in [AuCl(CN(2,6-Me2C6H3))]. X-ray diffraction studies show a novel geometry in gold cluster chemistry where the six gold atoms display a cyclohexane-like geometry in a chair conformation with Au-Au-Au angles of 117.028(9) degrees, two short gold-gold distances of 2.9289(5) A, and bidentate bridging dithiocarbamate ligands. The molecular structure shows a crown of gold atoms surrounded by crown ethers. This derivative luminesces at 569 nm at room temperature in the solid state. A dinuclear isomer [Au2(S2CNC10H20O4)2] had been reported previously and was obtained by reaction with [AuCl(SMe2)]. The mechanism to obtain the hexanuclear derivative involves a mononuclear intermediate [Au(S2CNC10H20O4)(CNR)] for which the X-ray structure shows a short gold-gold distance of 3.565 A with the two molecules in an anti configuration. Phosphine gold(I) mononuclear derivatives [Au(S2CNC10H20O4)(PR3)] (R = Me, Ph, both characterized by X-ray diffraction) and dinuclear diphosphine derivatives [{Au(S2CNC10H20O4)}2(mu-P-P)] (P-P = dppm, bis(diphenylphosphinomethane); dppp, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphinopropane); and dppf, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphinoferrocene)) are also reported. In the mononuclear complexes, the molecular structure confirms that the dithiocarbamato ligand is mainly acting as monodentate, with a second longer Au-S distance of 3.197 (PMe3), 2.944(4) (PPh3), and 2.968 A (CNR). Three phosphine complexes are emissive at 562 (PMe3), 528 (PPh3), and 605 nm (dppm), at 77 K. X-ray diffraction studies of the dppm derivative show gold-gold intramolecular contacts of 3.0972(9) A (3.2265(10) A for a second independent molecule) and basically monodentate coordination of the dithiocarbamato ligands. All the complexes extract sodium and potassium salts from aqueous solutions. The diphosphine derivatives are noticeably better extractors than the monophosphino derivatives, mainly for potassium salts.
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Neumaier M, Weigend F, Hampe O, Kappes MM. Binding energy and preferred adsorption sites of CO on gold and silver–gold cluster cations: Adsorption kinetics and quantum chemical calculations. Faraday Discuss 2008; 138:393-406; discussion 421-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b705043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Using newly developed correlation consistent basis sets for gold, the relative energies for the neutral Au8 geometric isomers have been re-evaluated and the vertical ionization potentials calculated. The results using the correlation consistent basis sets show that second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory calculations strongly favor nonplanar Au8 structures for all basis sets that were employed. However, the general trend at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples level of theory is to increasingly favor planar structures as the basis set is improved. The effects of basis set and the effects of core-valence correlation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Liu F, Zhao Y, Li X, Hao F. Ab initio study of the structure and stability of MnTln (M=Cu,Ag,Au; n=1,2) clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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