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Classification of Visual Cortex Plasticity Phenotypes following Treatment for Amblyopia. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:2564018. [PMID: 31565045 PMCID: PMC6746165 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2564018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocular deprivation (MD) during the critical period (CP) has enduring effects on visual acuity and the functioning of the visual cortex (V1). This experience-dependent plasticity has become a model for studying the mechanisms, especially glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors, that regulate amblyopia. Less is known, however, about treatment-induced changes to those receptors and if those changes differentiate treatments that support the recovery of acuity versus persistent acuity deficits. Here, we use an animal model to explore the effects of 3 visual treatments started during the CP (n = 24, 10 male and 14 female): binocular vision (BV) that promotes good acuity versus reverse occlusion (RO) and binocular deprivation (BD) that causes persistent acuity deficits. We measured the recovery of a collection of glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor subunits in the V1 and modeled recovery of kinetics for NMDAR and GABAAR. There was a complex pattern of protein changes that prompted us to develop an unbiased data-driven approach for these high-dimensional data analyses to identify plasticity features and construct plasticity phenotypes. Cluster analysis of the plasticity phenotypes suggests that BV supports adaptive plasticity while RO and BD promote a maladaptive pattern. The RO plasticity phenotype appeared more similar to adults with a high expression of GluA2, and the BD phenotypes were dominated by GABAA α1, highlighting that multiple plasticity phenotypes can underlie persistent poor acuity. After 2-4 days of BV, the plasticity phenotypes resembled normals, but only one feature, the GluN2A:GluA2 balance, returned to normal levels. Perhaps, balancing Hebbian (GluN2A) and homeostatic (GluA2) mechanisms is necessary for the recovery of vision.
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Nurzynska K, Mikhalkin A, Piorkowski A. CAS: Cell Annotation Software - Research on Neuronal Tissue Has Never Been so Transparent. Neuroinformatics 2018; 15:365-382. [PMID: 28849545 PMCID: PMC5671565 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-017-9340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CAS (Cell Annotation Software) is a novel tool for analysis of microscopic images and selection of the cell soma or nucleus, depending on the research objectives in medicine, biology, bioinformatics, etc. It replaces time-consuming and tiresome manual analysis of single images not only with automatic methods for object segmentation based on the Statistical Dominance Algorithm, but also semi-automatic tools for object selection within a marked region of interest. For each image, a broad set of object parameters is computed, including shape features and optical and topographic characteristics, thus giving additional insight into data. Our solution for cell detection and analysis has been verified by microscopic data and its application in the annotation of the lateral geniculate nucleus has been examined in a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nurzynska
- Institute of Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandr Mikhalkin
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Adam Piorkowski
- Department of Geoinformatics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
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Woo KL, Rieucau G, Burke D. Computer-animated stimuli to measure motion sensitivity: constraints on signal design in the Jacky dragon. Curr Zool 2018; 63:75-84. [PMID: 29491965 PMCID: PMC5804146 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying perceptual thresholds is critical for understanding the mechanisms that underlie signal evolution. Using computer-animated stimuli, we examined visual speed sensitivity in the Jacky dragon Amphibolurus muricatus, a species that makes extensive use of rapid motor patterns in social communication. First, focal lizards were tested in discrimination trials using random-dot kinematograms displaying combinations of speed, coherence, and direction. Second, we measured subject lizards’ ability to predict the appearance of a secondary reinforcer (1 of 3 different computer-generated animations of invertebrates: cricket, spider, and mite) based on the direction of movement of a field of drifting dots by following a set of behavioural responses (e.g., orienting response, latency to respond) to our virtual stimuli. We found an effect of both speed and coherence, as well as an interaction between these 2 factors on the perception of moving stimuli. Overall, our results showed that Jacky dragons have acute sensitivity to high speeds. We then employed an optic flow analysis to match the performance to ecologically relevant motion. Our results suggest that the Jacky dragon visual system may have been shaped to detect fast motion. This pre-existing sensitivity may have constrained the evolution of conspecific displays. In contrast, Jacky dragons may have difficulty in detecting the movement of ambush predators, such as snakes and of some invertebrate prey. Our study also demonstrates the potential of the computer-animated stimuli technique for conducting nonintrusive tests to explore motion range and sensitivity in a visually mediated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Woo
- SUNY Empire State College, Metropolitan Center, 325 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10013-1005, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 Northeast 151 St, North Miami, FL 33181, USA,School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, New South Wales, 2258, Australia
| | - Guillaume Rieucau
- SUNY Empire State College, Metropolitan Center, 325 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10013-1005, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 Northeast 151 St, North Miami, FL 33181, USA,School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, New South Wales, 2258, Australia
| | - Darren Burke
- SUNY Empire State College, Metropolitan Center, 325 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10013-1005, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 Northeast 151 St, North Miami, FL 33181, USA,School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, New South Wales, 2258, Australia
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Plasticity Beyond V1: Reinforcement of Motion Perception upon Binocular Central Retinal Lesions in Adulthood. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8989-8999. [PMID: 28821647 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1231-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of a central retinal lesion in both eyes of adult mammals is a model for macular degeneration and leads to retinotopic map reorganization in the primary visual cortex (V1). Here we characterized the spatiotemporal dynamics of molecular activity levels in the central and peripheral representation of five higher-order visual areas, V2/18, V3/19, V4/21a,V5/PMLS, area 7, and V1/17, in adult cats with central 10° retinal lesions (both sexes), by means of real-time PCR for the neuronal activity reporter gene zif268. The lesions elicited a similar, permanent reduction in activity in the center of the lesion projection zone of area V1/17, V2/18, V3/19, and V4/21a, but not in the motion-driven V5/PMLS, which instead displayed an increase in molecular activity at 3 months postlesion, independent of visual field coordinates. Also area 7 only displayed decreased activity in its LPZ in the first weeks postlesion and increased activities in its periphery from 1 month onward. Therefore we examined the impact of central vision loss on motion perception using random dot kinematograms to test the capacity for form from motion detection based on direction and velocity cues. We revealed that the central retinal lesions either do not impair motion detection or even result in better performance, specifically when motion discrimination was based on velocity discrimination. In conclusion, we propose that central retinal damage leads to enhanced peripheral vision by sensitizing the visual system for motion processing relying on feedback from V5/PMLS and area 7.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Central retinal lesions, a model for macular degeneration, result in functional reorganization of the primary visual cortex. Examining the level of cortical reactivation with the molecular activity marker zif268 revealed reorganization in visual areas outside V1. Retinotopic lesion projection zones typically display an initial depression in zif268 expression, followed by partial recovery with postlesion time. Only the motion-sensitive area V5/PMLS shows no decrease, and even a significant activity increase at 3 months post-retinal lesion. Behavioral tests of motion perception found no impairment and even better sensitivity to higher random dot stimulus velocities. We demonstrate that the loss of central vision induces functional mobilization of motion-sensitive visual cortex, resulting in enhanced perception of moving stimuli.
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Laskowska-Macios K, Arckens L, Kossut M, Burnat K. BDNF expression in cat striate cortex is regulated by binocular pattern deprivation. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2017-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Laskowska-Macios K, Nys J, Hu TT, Zapasnik M, Van der Perren A, Kossut M, Burnat K, Arckens L. Binocular pattern deprivation interferes with the expression of proteins involved in primary visual cortex maturation in the cat. Mol Brain 2015; 8:48. [PMID: 26271461 PMCID: PMC4536594 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Binocular pattern deprivation from eye opening (early BD) delays the maturation of the primary visual cortex. This delay is more pronounced for the peripheral than the central visual field representation within area 17, particularly between the age of 2 and 4 months [Laskowska-Macios, Cereb Cortex, 2014]. Results In this study, we probed for related dynamic changes in the cortical proteome. We introduced age, cortical region and BD as principal variables in a 2-D DIGE screen of area 17. In this way we explored the potential of BD-related protein expression changes between central and peripheral area 17 of 2- and 4-month-old BD (2BD, 4BD) kittens as a valid parameter towards the identification of brain maturation-related molecular processes. Consistent with the maturation delay, distinct developmental protein expression changes observed for normal kittens were postponed by BD, especially in the peripheral region. These BD-induced proteomic changes suggest a negative regulation of neurite outgrowth, synaptic transmission and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, thereby implicating these processes in normal experience-induced visual cortex maturation. Verification of the expression of proteins from each of the biological processes via Western analysis disclosed that some of the transient proteomic changes correlate to the distinct behavioral outcome in adult life, depending on timing and duration of the BD period [Neuroscience 2013;255:99-109]. Conclusions Taken together, the plasticity potential to recover from BD, in relation to ensuing restoration of normal visual input, appears to rely on specific protein expression changes and cellular processes induced by the loss of pattern vision in early life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0137-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Laskowska-Macios
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland. .,Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Julie Nys
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tjing-Tjing Hu
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Monika Zapasnik
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Malgorzata Kossut
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kalina Burnat
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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What's inside your cat's head? A review of cat (Felis silvestris catus) cognition research past, present and future. Anim Cogn 2015; 18:1195-206. [PMID: 26154131 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) has shared an intertwined existence with humans for thousands of years, living on our city streets and in our homes. Yet, little scientific research has focused on the cognition of the domestic cat, especially in comparison with human's other companion, the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris). This review surveys the current status of several areas of cat cognition research including perception, object permanence, memory, physical causality, quantity and time discrimination, cats' sensitivity to human cues, vocal recognition and communication, attachment bonds, personality, and cognitive health. Although interest in cat cognition is growing, we still have a long way to go until we have an inclusive body of research on the subject. Therefore, this review also identifies areas where future research must be conducted. In addition to the scientific value of future work in this area, future research on cat cognition could have an important influence on the management and welfare of pet and free-roaming cats, leading to improved human-cat interactions.
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Are visual peripheries forever young? Neural Plast 2015; 2015:307929. [PMID: 25945262 PMCID: PMC4402573 DOI: 10.1155/2015/307929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents a concept of lifelong plasticity of peripheral vision. Central vision processing is accepted as critical and irreplaceable for normal perception in humans. While peripheral processing chiefly carries information about motion stimuli features and redirects foveal attention to new objects, it can also take over functions typical for central vision. Here I review the data showing the plasticity of peripheral vision found in functional, developmental, and comparative studies. Even though it is well established that afferent projections from central and peripheral retinal regions are not established simultaneously during early postnatal life, central vision is commonly used as a general model of development of the visual system. Based on clinical studies and visually deprived animal models, I describe how central and peripheral visual field representations separately rely on early visual experience. Peripheral visual processing (motion) is more affected by binocular visual deprivation than central visual processing (spatial resolution). In addition, our own experimental findings show the possible recruitment of coarse peripheral vision for fine spatial analysis. Accordingly, I hypothesize that the balance between central and peripheral visual processing, established in the course of development, is susceptible to plastic adaptations during the entire life span, with peripheral vision capable of taking over central processing.
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Laskowska-Macios K, Zapasnik M, Hu TT, Kossut M, Arckens L, Burnat K. Zif268 mRNA Expression Patterns Reveal a Distinct Impact of Early Pattern Vision Deprivation on the Development of Primary Visual Cortical Areas in the Cat. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:3515-26. [PMID: 25205660 PMCID: PMC4585500 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern vision deprivation (BD) can induce permanent deficits in global motion perception. The impact of timing and duration of BD on the maturation of the central and peripheral visual field representations in cat primary visual areas 17 and 18 remains unknown. We compared early BD, from eye opening for 2, 4, or 6 months, with late onset BD, after 2 months of normal vision, using the expression pattern of the visually driven activity reporter gene zif268 as readout. Decreasing zif268 mRNA levels between months 2 and 4 characterized the normal maturation of the (supra)granular layers of the central and peripheral visual field representations in areas 17 and 18. In general, all BD conditions had higher than normal zif268 levels. In area 17, early BD induced a delayed decrease, beginning later in peripheral than in central area 17. In contrast, the decrease occurred between months 2 and 4 throughout area 18. Lack of pattern vision stimulation during the first 4 months of life therefore has a different impact on the development of areas 17 and 18. A high zif268 expression level at a time when normal vision is restored seems to predict the capacity of a visual area to compensate for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Laskowska-Macios
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Monika Zapasnik
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Tjing-Tjing Hu
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Kossut
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kalina Burnat
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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Zapasnik M, Burnat K. Binocular pattern deprivation with delayed onset has impact on motion perception in adulthood. Neuroscience 2013; 255:99-109. [PMID: 24120559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The quality of motion perception depends on visual input during early development. Even 1month of binocular deprivation (BD) from birth impairs motion coherence thresholds when tested in kittens; conversely BD with a 1-month delayed onset does not impair it (Mitchell et al., 2009). We showed that 6months of BD applied from birth induces a selective impairment in a Global Motion Detection task, but not in global form perception, when tested in adulthood (Burnat et al., 2002, 2005). In these animals cell counts of the retinal motion-sensitive alpha ganglion revealed a life-long increase in OFF-type ganglion cell (Burnat et al., 2012). Here we examined in adult cats the effect of BD on global motion perception using an array of tasks with gradually increasing perceptual difficulty. Two conditions of BD were applied: from birth, lasting for 1, 2, 4 or 6months, and with a delayed onset with first 2months of normal vision followed by 2months of BD. Cats deprived from birth for a 6-month period had Global Motion Detection impaired, as compared to the normal group. Velocity and low contrast-defined motion processing was impaired when BD was applied exclusively in months 3-4 of life. The cats deprived from birth for 1 or 2months were not impaired in any of the tested motion tasks. Motion coherence thresholds, when tested at the end of a long motion training were not affected by BD and did not differ from those obtained for the normal group. Impaired extraction of low contrast-defined motion signal was found in cats deprived solely in months 3-4 of life. Surprisingly, binocular pattern deprivation during the first 2months of life did not weaken motion sensitivity, revealing the occurrence of a critical period for motion perception later in development than previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zapasnik
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Burnat K, Van Der Gucht E, Waleszczyk WJ, Kossut M, Arckens L. Lack of early pattern stimulation prevents normal development of the alpha (Y) retinal ganglion cell population in the cat. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:2414-29. [PMID: 22237852 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Binocular deprivation of pattern vision (BD) early in life permanently impairs global motion perception. With the SMI-32 antibody against neurofilament protein (NFP) as a marker of the motion-sensitive Y-cell pathway (Van der Gucht et al. [2001] Cereb. Cortex 17:2805-2819), we analyzed the impact of early BD on the retinal circuitry in adult, perceptually characterized cats (Burnat et al. [2005] Neuroreport 16:751-754). In controls, large retinal ganglion cells exhibited a strong NFP signal in the soma and in the proximal parts of the dendritic arbors. The NFP-immunoreactive dendrites typically branched into sublamina a of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), i.e., the OFF inner plexiform sublamina. In the retina of adult BD cats, however, most of the NFP-immunoreactive ganglion cell dendrites branched throughout the entire IPL. The NFP-immunoreactive cell bodies were less regularly distributed, often appeared in pairs, and had a significantly larger diameter compared with NFP-expressing cells in control retinas. These remarkable differences in the immunoreactivity pattern were typically observed in temporal retina. In conclusion, we show that the anatomical organization typical of premature Y-type retinal ganglion cells persists into adulthood even if normal visual experience follows for years upon an initial 6-month period of BD. Binocular pattern deprivation possibly induces a lifelong OFF functional domination, normally apparent only during development, putting early high-quality vision forward as a premise for proper ON-OFF pathway segregation. These new observations for pattern-deprived animals provide an anatomical basis for the well-described motion perception deficits in congenital cataract patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Burnat
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Mitchell DE, Kennie J, Kung D. Development of global motion perception requires early postnatal exposure to patterned light. Curr Biol 2009; 19:645-9. [PMID: 19285405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The accurate representation of the motion of external objects is one of the more important tasks of the visual areas of the brain because motion by itself can provide sufficient information for discriminating visual forms and hence breaking camouflage. Whereas the analysis of the motion of single small elements can occur in primary visual cortex (V1), the perception of a common direction of global motion of some visual elements among many is supported by extrastriate cortical areas [1, 2]. Humans treated for binocular congenital cataracts afterward exhibit extreme deficits of global motion, but after monocular cataracts, the deficits are minimal [3]. These observations suggest a need for normal early patterned visual experience through at least one eye for global motion perception to develop in a typical fashion. We investigated this role for early experience and its timing on kittens that were deprived of light or patterned light at different ages. Such deprivation in the first 6 weeks resulted in long-lasting (>2 yr) profound deficits of perception of global motion but no apparent effects on the perception of simple unidirectional motion. Contrary to current opinion, sensitive periods to visual deprivation in primary and extrastriate cortex may be of similar duration.
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Motion sensitivity of the Jacky dragon, Amphibolurus muricatus: random-dot kinematograms reveal the importance of motion noise for signal detection. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cnops L, Hu TT, Burnat K, Arckens L. Influence of binocular competition on the expression profiles of CRMP2, CRMP4, Dyn I, and Syt I in developing cat visual cortex. Cereb Cortex 2007; 18:1221-31. [PMID: 17951599 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhm157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual cortex is vulnerable to changes in visual input, especially during the critical period when numerous molecules drive the refinement of the circuitry. From a list of potential actors identified in a recent proteomics study, we selected 2 collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMP2/CRMP4) and 2 synaptic proteins, Dynamin I (Dyn I) and Synaptotagmin I (Syt I), for in-depth analysis of their developmental expression profile in cat visual cortex. CRMP2 and CRMP4 levels were high early in life and clearly declined toward adulthood. In contrast, Dyn I expression levels progressively augmented during maturation. Syt I showed low levels at eye opening and in adults, high levels around the peak of the critical period, and maximal levels at juvenile age. We further determined a role for each molecule in ocular dominance plasticity. CRMP2 and Syt I levels decreased in area 17 upon monocular deprivation, whereas CRMP4 and Dyn I levels remained unaffected. In contrast, binocular removal of pattern vision had no influence on CRMP2 and Syt I expression in kitten area 17. This study illustrates that not the loss of quality of vision through visual deprivation, but disruption of normal binocular visual experience is crucial to induce the observed molecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Cnops
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Burnat K, Stiers P, Arckens L, Vandenbussche E, Zernicki B. Global form perception in cats early deprived of pattern vision. Neuroreport 2005; 16:751-4. [PMID: 15858419 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200505120-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that binocularly deprived cats are not able to detect global motion in a random dot pattern (Burnat et al., 2002). Here, we examined, in these animals, a global form discrimination task, that is, distinction of a square from a rectangle, matched for total surface. In contrast to the previously tested motion task, binocularly-deprived cats, as compared with controls, performed only at higher thresholds. Interestingly, the increase of the stimuli's surface, or a shift from horizontal to vertical orientation of the rectangle, significantly impaired their performance. We therefore conclude that binocularly-deprived cats do not attend to the global form of the stimuli. Instead, they spontaneously choose a local cue to discriminate and are not able to modify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Burnat
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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