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Doenhoff MJ, El-Faham M, Liddell S, Fuller HR, Stanley RG, Schramm G, Igetei JE. Cross-Reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni Antigens and the Latex Allergen Hev b 7: Putative Implication of Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCDs). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159542. [PMID: 27467385 PMCID: PMC4965158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies produced by rabbits immunized against S. mansoni antigens cross-reacted with aqueous soluble constituents of a variety of allergens. The antibody cross-reactivity was largely sensitive to degradation by treatment of the target antigens with sodium meta-periodate, suggesting the cross-reactivity was due to carbohydrate determinants that were common to both the schistosome and the allergens (CCDs). The reaction between the rabbit antibodies and a 43 kDa molecule in a rubber latex extract was analysed further: tandem mass spectrometry identified the latex molecule as allergen Hev b 7. Rabbit anti-schistosome IgG antibodies purified by acid-elution from solid-phase latex Hev b 7 reacted with the S. mansoni egg antigens IPSE/alpha-1 and kappa-5 and cercarial antigens SPO-1 and a fatty acid-binding protein. Moreover, purified anti-S. mansoni egg, latex cross-reactive antibodies reacted with antigenic constituents of some fruits, a result of potential relevance to the latex-fruit syndrome of allergic reactions. We propose that IgG anti-schistosome antibodies that cross-react with allergens may be able to block IgE-induced allergic reactions and thus provide a possible explanation for the hygiene hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Doenhoff
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Marwa El-Faham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Susan Liddell
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi R. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald G. Stanley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Schramm
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Experimental Pneumology, Parkallee 22, D-23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Joseph E. Igetei
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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2
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Smith H, Doenhoff M, Aitken C, Bailey W, Ji M, Dawson E, Gilis H, Spence G, Alexander C, van Gool T. Comparison of Schistosoma mansoni soluble cercarial antigens and soluble egg antigens for serodiagnosing schistosome infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1815. [PMID: 23029577 PMCID: PMC3441401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A Schistosoma mansoni cercarial antigen preparation (cercarial transformation fluid – SmCTF) was evaluated for detection of anti-schistosome antibodies in human sera in 4 collaborating laboratories. The performance of SmCTF was compared with that of S. mansoni egg antigens (SmSEA) in an indirect enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA) antigen assay, the latter being used routinely in 3 of the 4 participating laboratories to diagnose S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections. In the fourth laboratory the performance of SmCTF was compared with that of S. japonicum egg antigens (SjSEA) in ELISA for detection of anti-S. japonicum antibodies. In all 4 laboratories the results given by SmCTF in ELISA were very similar to those given by the antigen preparation routinely used in the respective laboratory to detect anti-schistosome antibodies in human infection sera. In so far as the ELISA results from SmCTF are thus so little different from those given by schistosome egg antigens and also cheaper to produce, the former is a potentially useful new diagnostic aid for schistosomiasis. Diagnosis of schistosomiasis is problematic since no method is yet available that gives both 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The method traditionally used is microscopy, but because of inherent insensitivity this technique often wrongly diagnoses patients as uninfected. Use of serological assays involving detection of specific antibodies is now increasing since the putative sensitivity of these tests is much higher than that of other alternative methods of diagnosis. They are routinely used in travellers' medicine clinics where often only light infections are encountered which microscopy is not sensitive enough to detect. ELISA incorporating schistosome soluble egg antigens (SEA) is often the antibody-detection test of choice. The use of the SEA-ELISA for diagnosis of schistosomiasis in developing countries is however restricted since SEA is relatively expensive to produce. Here we investigated whether a cheaper alternative S. mansoni antigenic preparation derived from schistosome cercariae (SmCTF) could potentially replace SEA in ELISA. Our results demonstrate that SmCTF performs equivalently to S. mansoni SEA for the diagnosis of both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections, and that SmCTF is also as good as S. japonicum SEA for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. We discuss how even more affordable and practical diagnostic aids for schistosomiasis might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Smith
- Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Mike Doenhoff
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Cara Aitken
- Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Wendi Bailey
- Diagnostic Parasitology Laboratory, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Emily Dawson
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henk Gilis
- Parasitology Section, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grant Spence
- Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Claire Alexander
- Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Tom van Gool
- Parasitology Section, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Frank S, van Die I, Geyer R. Structural characterization of Schistosoma mansoni adult worm glycosphingolipids reveals pronounced differences with those of cercariae. Glycobiology 2012; 22:676-95. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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4
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Blank D, Gebhardt S, Maass K, Lochnit G, Dotz V, Blank J, Geyer R, Kunz C. High-throughput mass finger printing and Lewis blood group assignment of human milk oligosaccharides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2495-510. [PMID: 21898157 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The structural diversity of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) strongly depends on the Lewis (Le) blood group status of the donor which allows a classification of these glycans into three different groups. Starting from 50 μL of human milk, a new high-throughput, standardized, and widely automated mass spectrometric approach has been established which can be used for correlation of HMO structures with the respective Lewis blood groups on the basis of mass profiles of the entire mixture of glycans together with selected fragment ion spectra. For this purpose, the relative abundance of diagnostically relevant compositional species, such as Hex(2)Fuc(2) and Hex(3)HexNAc(1)Fuc(2), as well as the relative intensities of characteristic fragment ions obtained thereof are of key importance. For each Lewis blood group, i.e., Le(a-b+), Le(a+b-), and Le(a-b-), specific mass profile and fragment ion patterns could be thus verified. The described statistically proven classification of the derived glycan patterns may be a valuable tool for analysis and comparison of large sets of milk samples in metabolic studies. Furthermore, the outlined protocol may be used for rapid screening in clinical studies and quality control of milk samples donated to milk banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Blank
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Frank S, Geyer H, Geyer R. Microscale Analysis of Glycosphingolipids fromSchistosoma mansoniCercariae. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.600490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
The O-glycosylation of Ser and Thr by N-acetylgalactosamine-linked (mucin-type) oligosaccharides is often overlooked in protein analysis. Three characteristics make O-linked glycosylation more difficult to analyse than N-linked glycosylation, namely: (a) no amino acid consensus sequence is known; (b) there is no universal enzyme for the release of O-glycans from the protein backbone; and (c) the density and number of occupied sites may be very high. For significant biological conclusions to be drawn, the complete picture of O-linked glycosylation on a protein needs to be determined. This review specifically addresses the analytical approaches that have been used, and the challenges remaining, in the characterization of both the composition and structure of mucin-type O-glycans, and the determination of the occupancy and heterogeneity at each amino acid attachment site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Localization of carbohydrate determinants common toBiomphalaria glabrataas well as to sporocysts and miracidia ofSchistosoma mansoni. Parasitology 2008; 135:931-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182008004514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe presence of antigenic carbohydrate epitopes shared byBiomphalaria glabrataas well as by the sporocysts and miracidia representing snail-pathogenic larval stages ofSchistosoma mansoniwas assayed by immunohistochemical staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed tissues. To this end, both polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against soluble egg antigens (SEA) ofS. mansoniand monoclonal antibodies recognizing the carbohydrate epitopes LDN [GalNAc(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-)], F-LDN [Fuc(α1-3)GalNAc(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-)], LDN-F [GalNAc(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-)], LDN-DF [GalNAc(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-2)Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-)] and Lewis X [Gal(β1-4)[Fuc(α1-3)]GlcNAc(β1-)] were used. Intriguingly, anti-SEA serum as well as anti-F-LDN antibodies displayed significant binding in the foot region, anterior tissue and the hepatopancreas of uninfected snails, whereas the Lewis X epitope was only weakly detectable in the latter tissue. In contrast, increased binding of antibodies recognizing LDN, LDN-F and LDN-DF was observed in infected snail tissue, in particular in regions involved in sporocystogenesis, in addition to an enhanced binding of anti-SEA serum and antibodies reacting with F-LDN. A pronounced expression of most of these carbohydrate antigens was also observed at the surface of miracidia. Hence, the detection of shared carbohydrate determinants in uninfected snail tissue, sporocysts and miracidia may support the hypothesis of carbohydrate-based molecular mimicry as a survival strategy ofS. mansoni.
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Geyer H, Wuhrer M, Resemann A, Geyer R. Identification and Characterization of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin N-Glycans Mediating Cross-reactivity with Schistosoma mansoni. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:40731-48. [PMID: 16135511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505985200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) of the mollusc Megathura crenulata is known to serologically cross-react with Schistosoma mansoni glycoconjugates in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. To elucidate the structural basis for this cross-reactivity, KLH glycans were released from tryptic glycopeptides and fluorescently labeled. Cross-reacting glycans were identified using a polyclonal antiserum reacting with soluble S. mansoni egg antigens, isolated by a three-dimensional fractionation scheme and analyzed by different mass spectrometric techniques as well as linkage analysis and exoglycosidase treatment. The results revealed that cross-reacting species comprise approximately 4.5% of released glycans. They all represent novel types of N-glycans with a Fuc(alpha1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc motif, which is known to occur also in schistosomal glycoconjugates. The tetrasaccharide unit is attached to the 3-linked antenna of a trimannosyl core, which can be further decorated by galactosyl residues, a xylose residue in 2-position of the central mannose and/or a fucose at the innermost N-acetylglucosamine. This study provides for the first time detailed structural data on the KLH carbohydrate entities responsible for cross-reactivity with glycoconjugates from S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegard Geyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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10
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Meyer S, van Liempt E, Imberty A, van Kooyk Y, Geyer H, Geyer R, van Die I. DC-SIGN mediates binding of dendritic cells to authentic pseudo-LewisY glycolipids of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, the first parasite-specific ligand of DC-SIGN. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:37349-59. [PMID: 16155001 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During schistosomiasis, parasite-derived glycoconjugates play a key role in manipulation of the host immune response, associated with persistence of the parasite. Among the candidate host receptors that are triggered by glycoconjugates are C-type lectins (CLRs) on dendritic cells (DCs), which in concerted action with Toll-like receptors determine the balance in DCs between induction of immunity versus tolerance. Here we report that the CLR DC-SIGN mediates adhesion of DCs to authentic glycolipids derived from Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and their excretory/secretory products. Structural characterization of the glycolipids, in combination with solid phase and cellular binding studies revealed that DC-SIGN binds to the carbohydrate moieties of both glycosphingolipid species with Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc (Lewis(X)) and Fucalpha1-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc (pseudo-Lewis(Y)) determinants. Importantly, these data indicate that surveying DCs in the skin may encounter schistosome-derived glycolipids immediately after infection. Recent analysis of crystals of the carbohydrate binding domain of DC-SIGN bound to Lewis(X) provided insight into the ability of DC-SIGN to bind fucosylated ligands. Using molecular modeling we showed that the observed binding of the schistosome-specific pseudo-Lewis(Y) to DC-SIGN is not directly compatible with the model described. To fit pseudo-Lewis(Y) into the model, the orientation of the side chain of Phe(313) in the secondary binding site of DC-SIGN was slightly changed, which results in a perfect stacking of Phe(313) with the hydrophobic side of the galactose-linked fucose of pseudo-Lewis(Y). We propose that pathogens such as S. mansoni may use the observed flexibility in the secondary binding site of DC-SIGN to target DCs, which may contribute to immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Meyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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11
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Robijn MLM, Wuhrer M, Kornelis D, Deelder AM, Geyer R, Hokke CH. Mapping fucosylated epitopes on glycoproteins and glycolipids ofSchistosoma mansonicercariae, adult worms and eggs. Parasitology 2004; 130:67-77. [PMID: 15700758 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004006390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The developmental expression of the antigenic fucosylated glycan motifs Fucα1-3GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (F-LDN), Fucα1-3GalNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (F-LDN-F), GalNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (LDN-F), Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (Lewis X), and GalNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-2Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (LDN-DF) inSchistosoma mansonicercariae, adult worms and eggs, was surveyed using previously defined anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Lewis X was found both on glycolipids and glycoproteins, yet with completely different expression patterns during the life-cycle: on glycolipids, Lewis X was mainly found in the cercarial stage, while protein-conjugated Lewis X was mainly present in the egg stage. Also protein-conjugated LDN-F and LDN-DF were most highly expressed in the egg-stage. On glycolipids LDN-DF was found in all three examined stages, whereas LDN-F containing glycolipids were restricted to adult worms and eggs. The motifs F-LDN and F-LDN-F were found both on glycoproteins and glycolipids of the cercarial and egg stage, while in the adult stage, they appeared to occur predominantly on glycolipids. Immunofluorescence assays (IFA) showed that these F-LDN and F-LDN-F containing glycolipids were localized in a yet undefined duct or excretory system of adult worms. Murine infection serum showed major reactivity with this adult worm duct-system, which could be fully inhibited by pre-incubation with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Clearly, the use of defined mAbs provides a quick and convenient way to map expression profiles of carbohydrate epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Robijn
- Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Nyame AK, Kawar ZS, Cummings RD. Antigenic glycans in parasitic infections: implications for vaccines and diagnostics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 426:182-200. [PMID: 15158669 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Revised: 04/12/2004] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Infections by parasitic protozoans and helminths are a major world-wide health concern, but no vaccines exist to the major human parasitic diseases, such as malaria, African trypanosomiasis, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis. Recent studies on a number of parasites indicate that immune responses to parasites in infected animals and humans are directed to glycan determinants within cell surface and secreted glycoconjugates and that glycoconjugates are important in host-parasite interactions. Because of the tremendous success achieved recently in generating carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccines toward microbial infections, such as Haemophilus influenzae type b, there is renewed interest in defining parasite-derived glycans in the prospect of developing conjugate vaccines and new diagnostics for parasitic infections. Parasite-derived glycans are compelling vaccine targets because they have structural features that distinguish them from mammalian glycans. There have been exciting new developments in techniques for glycan analysis and the methods for synthesizing oligosaccharides by chemical or combined chemo-enzymatic approaches that now make it feasible to generate parasite glycans to test as vaccine candidates. Here, we highlight recent progress made in elucidating the immunogenicity of glycans from some of the major human and animal parasites, the potential for developing conjugate vaccines for parasitic infections, and the possible utilization of these novel glycans in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kwame Nyame
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Biomedical Research Center, Room 417, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Kurokawa T, Wuhrer M, Lochnit G, Geyer H, Markl J, Geyer R. Hemocyanin from the keyhole limpet Megathura crenulata (KLH) carries a novel type of N-glycans with Gal(beta1-6)Man-motifs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:5459-73. [PMID: 12423344 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Keyhole limpet (Megathura crenulata) hemocyanin (KLH), an extracellular respiratory protein, is widely used as hapten carrier and immune stimulant. Although it is generally accepted that the sugar constituents of this glycoprotein are likely to be implicated in the antigenicity and biomedical properties of KLH, knowledge of its carbohydrate structure is still limited. Therefore, we have investigated the N-linked oligosaccharides of KLH. Glycan chains were enzymatically liberated from tryptic glycopeptides, pyridylaminated and separated by two-dimensional HPLC. Only neutral oligosaccharides were obtained and characterized by carbohydrate constituent and methylation analyses, MALDI-TOF-MS, ESI-ion trap-MS and sequential exoglycosidase digestion. The results revealed that KLH is carrying high mannose-type glycans and truncated sugar chains derived thereof. As a characteristic feature, a number of the studied N-glycans contained a Gal(beta1-6)Man-unit which has not been found in glycoprotein-N-glycans so far. Hence, our studies demonstrate that this marine mollusk glycoprotein is characterized by a unique oligosaccharide pattern comprising, in part, novel structural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Kurokawa
- Pharmaceutical Discovery Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Kantelhardt SR, Wuhrer M, Dennis RD, Doenhoff MJ, Bickle Q, Geyer R. Fuc(alpha1-->3)GalNAc-: the major antigenic motif of Schistosoma mansoni glycolipids implicated in infection sera and keyhole-limpet haemocyanin cross-reactivity. Biochem J 2002; 366:217-23. [PMID: 11996672 PMCID: PMC1222754 DOI: 10.1042/bj20011678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2001] [Revised: 04/30/2002] [Accepted: 05/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the characterization of the dominant epitope present on Schistosoma mansoni glycolipids, which causes cross-reactivity of S. mansoni and S. haematobium infection sera with keyhole-limpet haemocyanin (KLH). To this end, the monoclonal antibody M2D3H was chosen for its similar behaviour in high-performance TLC immunostaining and inhibition-ELISA to infection sera. Individual, structurally defined oligosaccharides derived from S. mansoni egg glycolipids were tested for their binding to this monoclonal antibody by immunoaffinity chromatography. A terminal fucose residue linked in the (alpha1-->3) position to N-acetylgalactosamine was found to be the common structural determinant of the four oligosaccharides binding to M2D3H. The Fuc(alpha1-->3)GalNAc-motif also appeared to be the basis for the cross-reactivity with KLH, a phenomenon used in the serodiagnosis of S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven R Kantelhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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15
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Faveeuw C, Angeli V, Fontaine J, Maliszewski C, Capron A, Van Kaer L, Moser M, Capron M, Trottein F. Antigen presentation by CD1d contributes to the amplification of Th2 responses to Schistosoma mansoni glycoconjugates in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:906-12. [PMID: 12097395 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During murine schistosomiasis, there is a gradual switch from a predominant Th1 cytokine response to a Th2-dominated response after egg laying, an event that favors the formation of granuloma around viable eggs. Egg-derived glycoconjugates, including glycolipids, may play a crucial role in this phenomenon. In this study, we used a model of dendritic cell sensitization to study the role of egg glycoconjugates in the induction of specific immune response to soluble egg Ag (SEA) and to investigate the possibility that CD1d, a molecule implicated in glycolipid presentation, may be involved in such a phenomenon. We show that, when captured, processed, and presented to naive T lymphocytes by dendritic cells, egg, but not larval, Ag skew the immune response toward a Th2 response. Periodate treatment reversed this effect, indicating that the sugar moiety of SEA is important in this phenomenon. Using DC treated ex vivo with a neutralizing anti-CD1d Ab or isolated from CD1d knockout mice, we show that CD1d is crucial in the priming of SEA-specific Th2 lymphocytes. We then evaluated the contribution of CD1d on the development of the SEA-specific immune response and on the formation of the egg-induced liver granuloma during murine schistosomiasis. We find that CD1d knockout mice have a reduced Th2 response after egg laying and develop a less marked fibrotic pathology compared with wild-type mice. Altogether, our results suggest that Ag presentation of parasite glycoconjugates to CD1d-restricted T cells may be important in the early events leading to the induction of Th2 responses and to egg-induced pathology during murine schistosomiasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/immunology
- Antigens, CD1/metabolism
- Antigens, CD1/physiology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Glycolipids/immunology
- Granuloma/genetics
- Granuloma/immunology
- Granuloma/parasitology
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/genetics
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/immunology
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Schistosoma mansoni/growth & development
- Schistosoma mansoni/immunology
- Schistosomiasis mansoni/genetics
- Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology
- Schistosomiasis mansoni/parasitology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/parasitology
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Faveeuw
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 547, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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16
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Schmitt J, Wuhrer M, Hamburger J, Jourdane J, Ramzy RMR, Geyer R, Ruppel A. Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium: identification and characterization of glycoconjugate antigens in the hemolymph of infected vector snails. J Parasitol 2002; 88:505-13. [PMID: 12099419 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0505:smashi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two carbohydrate epitopes were identified by monoclonal antibodies (KCS and E2) and characterized with respect to their immunoreactivity, monosaccharide structure, and location. Immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of both epitopes on the surfaces of sporocysts, cercariae, and miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum. However, spatial distribution and density of expression varied among species and developmental stages, and neither epitope was detectable on adult worm surfaces. Both glycans were found in the hemolymph of infected, but not uninfected, intermediate snail hosts. The presence of epitopes in hemolymph, as well as in schistosome eggs, is species-specific for KCS, recognizing only S. mansoni, and partly specific for E2, which reacted predominantly with S. haematobium. Immunoaffinity purification of target antigens for KCS and E2 from hemolymph of infected Biomphalaria and Bulinus, respectively, followed by carbohydrate composition analysis revealed a high content of fucose in both glycans. Methylation analysis demonstrated exclusively terminal fucose for the target antigen of KCS and terminal as well as internal fucose for the one of E2. Removal of terminal fucose abolished reactivity with both monoclonal antibodies. Both glycans are different from previously characterized schistosome carbohydrates. Their biological function(s) remain to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Schmitt
- Department of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Wuhrer M, Kantelhardt SR, Dennis RD, Doenhoff MJ, Lochnit G, Geyer R. Characterization of glycosphingolipids from Schistosoma mansoni eggs carrying Fuc(alpha1-3)GalNAc-, GalNAc(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc- and Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc- (Lewis X) terminal structures. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:481-93. [PMID: 11856306 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate moieties of glycosphingolipids from eggs of the human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, were enzymatically released, labelled with 2-aminopyridine (PA), fractionated and analysed by linkage analysis, partial hydrolysis, enzymatic cleavage, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Apart from large, highly fucosylated structures with five to seven HexNAc residues, we found short, oligofucosylated species containing three to four HexNAc residues. Their structures have been determined as Fuc(alpha1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4)[ +/- Fuc (alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4)Glc-PA, GalNAc(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)GlcNAc(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4) Glc-PA, Fuc(alpha1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-4) GlcNAc(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4)Glc-PA, and Fuc(alpha1-3) GalNAc(beta1-4)[ +/- Fuc(alpha1-2) +/- Fuc(alpha1-2)Fuc(alpha1-3)]Glc NAc(beta1-3)GlcNAc(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4)Glc-PA. The last structure exhibits a trifucosyl sidechain previously identified on the cercarial glycocalyx. These structures stress the importance of 3-fucosylated GalNAc as a terminal epitope in schistosome glycoconjugates. To what degree these glycans contribute to the pronounced antigenicity of S. mansoni egg glycolipids remains to be determined. In addition, we have identified the compounds GlcNAc(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4)Glc-PA, Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3) GalNAc (beta1-4)Glc-PA, the latter of which is a Lewis X-pentasaccharide identical to that present on cercarial glycolipids, as well as Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc(1-4)Gal(1-4)Glc-PA, which corresponds to asialogangliotetraosylceramide and is most probably derived from the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Wuhrer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Germany
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Geyer H, Bahr U, Liedtke S, Schachner M, Geyer R. Core structures of polysialylated glycans present in neural cell adhesion molecule from newborn mouse brain. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:6587-99. [PMID: 11737213 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polysialylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is known to destabilize cell-cell adhesion and to promote plasticity in cell-cell interactions. To gain more insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the selective expression of polysialic acid on distinct glycan chains, the underlying core structures of polysialylated N-CAM glycans from newborn mouse brain were examined. Starting from low picomolar amounts of oligosaccharides, a multistep approach was used that was based on various mass spectrometric techniques with minimized sample consumption. Evidence could be provided that polysialylated murine N-CAM glycans comprise diantennary, triantennary and tetraantennary core structures carrying, in part, type-1 N-acetyllactosamine antennae, sulfate groups linked to terminal galactose or subterminal N-acetylglucosamine residues and, as a characteristic feature, a sulfated glucuronic acid unit which was bound exclusively to C3 of terminal galactose in Manalpha3-linked type-2 antennae. Hence, our results reveal that part of the murine N-CAM carbohydrates are modified within a single oligosaccharide by polysialic acid plus a HSO3-GlcA-moiety, which is likely to represent a HNK1-epitope. As HNK1-carbohydrates are also known to modulate cell-cell interactions, the simultaneous presence of both carbohydrate epitopes may reflect a new mechanism involved in the fine-tuning of N-CAM functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Geyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Germany
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Terrazas LI, Walsh KL, Piskorska D, McGuire E, Harn DA. The schistosome oligosaccharide lacto-N-neotetraose expands Gr1(+) cells that secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit proliferation of naive CD4(+) cells: a potential mechanism for immune polarization in helminth infections. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:5294-303. [PMID: 11673545 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.5294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory oligosaccharides found on helminths also are found in human milk, and both helminths and milk have been shown to be immunosuppressive. We have been examining the immunomodulatory capabilities of two oligosaccharides expressed in milk and on helminth parasites, lacto-N-fucopentaose III and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). In an attempt to dissect mechanisms that lead to Th2 polarization and immune suppression, we examined the early response in mice to the glycoconjugate LNnT-Dextran (LNnT-Dex). We found that injection of LNnT-Dex expanded a cell population, phenotypically defined as Gr1(+)/CD11b(+)/F4/80(+), as early as 2 h after injection. Examination of spontaneous cytokine production showed that this Gr1(+)/F4/80(+) population of cells spontaneously produced low levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-beta ex vivo, compared to peritoneal cells from mice injected with Dex. Gr1(+) cells adoptively suppressed naive CD4(+) T cell proliferation in vitro in response to anti-CD3/CD28 Ab stimulation. Suppression of naive CD4(+) cells involved cell contact and was dependent on IFN-gamma and NO, with a discrete role played by IL-10. Coculture of naive CD4(+)T cells with Gr1(+) suppressor cells did not lead to CD4(+) T cell apoptosis, although it did imprint on naive CD4(+) T cells a response characterized by lower levels of IFN-gamma, coincident with increased IL-13 production. Our results suggest that both human milk and helminth parasites may share a ligand-specific mechanism involved in the generation of anti-inflammatory mediators that suppress Th1-type and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Terrazas
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Menge C, Stamm I, Wuhrer M, Geyer R, Wieler LH, Baljer G. Globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)/CD77) is synthesized and surface expressed by bovine lymphocytes upon activation in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 83:19-36. [PMID: 11604159 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are considered activation markers on human lymphocytes, which are fundamental for studying the immune system. For cattle, only a limited number of activation markers has yet been identified. We recently showed that Shiga toxin 1, known to use globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3) syn. CD77) as a cellular receptor, depresses proliferation of activated bovine lymphocytes [Infect. Immunol. 67 (1999b) 2209]. In order to confirm the expression of Gb(3)/CD77 on bovine lymphocytes, we flowcytometrically examined a bovine B-lymphoma cell line (BL-3) and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after mitogenic stimulation and biochemically characterized neutral GSLs extracted from PBMC. CD77 was detected on the surface of BL-3 cells and cultured PBMC essentially after mitogenic stimulation. Although expressed by all PBMC subpopulations identified, the portion of CD7+ cells was highest for BoCD8+ cells, followed by B-cells and BoCD4+ cells at day 4 of cultivation. Ceramide trihexoside of stimulated PBMC was structurally determined as Gal(alpha1-4)Gal(1-4)Glc(1-1)ceramide (Gb(3)). Biochemically, Gb(3) was also detected within unstimulated PBMC which contained ceramide monohexoside (CMH) and Gb(3) in a ratio of about 4:1. However, stimulation induced an increase of CMH and Gb(3) by a factor of 2.5 and 10, respectively, implicating that bovine lymphocytes regulate surface expression of Gb(3)/CD77 predominantly by quantitative changes in the Gb(3) metabolism. This report presents Gb(3)/CD77 as the first GSL identified on bovine immune cells and highly recommends this activation dependent antigen as a useful tool to investigate lymphocyte activation within the bovine immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Menge
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str. 89-91, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Abstract
Schistosomes are digenetic trematodes which cause schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, one of the main parasitic infections in man. In tropical and subtropical areas an estimated 200 million people are infected and suffer from the debilitating effects of this chronic disease. Schistosomes live in the blood vessels and strongly modulate the immune response of their host to be able to survive the hostile environment that they are exposed to. It has become increasingly clear that glycoconjugates of schistosome larvae, adult worms and eggs play an important role in the evasion mechanisms that schistosomes utilise to withstand the immunological measures of the host. Upon infection, the host mounts innate as well as adaptive immune responses to antigenic glycan elements, setting the immunological scene characteristic for schistosomiasis. In this review we summarise the structural data now available on schistosome glycans and provide data and ideas regarding the role that these glycans play in the various aspects of the glycobiology and immunology of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Wuhrer M, Berkefeld C, Dennis RD, Idris MA, Geyer R. The liver flukes Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica express the leucocyte cluster of differentiation marker CD77 (globotriaosylceramide) in their tegument. Biol Chem 2001; 382:195-207. [PMID: 11308018 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids from the parasitic liver flukes Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica were isolated and their carbohydrate moieties were structurally analysed by methylation analysis, exoglycosidase treatment, on-target exoglycosidase cleavage and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. For both liver fluke species, the ceramide monohexosides Gal1-ceramide and Glc1-ceramide were found in relative amounts of 1.0 to 0.1, respectively. From F. gigantica, the ceramide dihexoside was isolated in sufficient amounts to be structurally determined as lactosylceramide, Gal beta4-Glc1-ceramide, while for both liver fluke species the ceramide trihexoside was shown to be Gal alpha4Gal beta4-Glc1-ceramide, which is designated as either globotriaosylceramide, Pk-blood group antigen or CD77 leucocyte cluster of differentiation antigen. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the expression of globo-series glycosphingolipids in non-mammalian species. Ceramide analysis of ceramide monohexosides yielded as major components octadecanoic and 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic fatty acids together with C18- and C20-phytosphingosines. By the use of an anti-CD77 monoclonal antibody and the Escherichia coli Shiga toxin B1 subunit, globotriaosylceramide could be immunolocalised to the tegument of F. hepatica cryosections. The sharing of CD77 between liver flukes and their mammalian hosts fits in with the concept of molecular mimicry, which is closely parallel to the established imitation of host CD15 (Lewis X) displayed by the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wuhrer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Germany
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Wuhrer M, Dennis RD, Doenhoff MJ, Geyer R. Stage-associated expression of ceramide structures in glycosphingolipids from the human trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1524:155-61. [PMID: 11113562 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(00)00152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids of Schistosoma mansoni adults, cercariae and eggs comprise ceramide monohexosides (CMH) with glucose or galactose and ceramide dihexosides (CDH) with the schistosome-specific structure GalNAc(beta1-4)Glc(1-1)ceramide. Ceramide analysis revealed C18- and C20-phytosphingosines in egg CMH, C18-sphinganine as well as C18-, C19- and C20-phytosphingosines in cercarial CMH, and C18- and C20-phytosphingosines as well as C18-sphingosine and C18-sphinganine in adult CMH. For all three life cycle stages, the predominant fatty acid was C16h:0. As a characteristic feature, a range of saturated, unsaturated and hydroxylated long-chain fatty acids with 24-28 carbon atoms were additionally found in minor cercarial CMH species. The corresponding ceramides represented major constituents in cercarial CDH, while adult and egg CDH were dominated by ceramides with short fatty acid chains. The resultant ceramide patterns could be correlated with the differential expression of carbohydrate antigens on schistosomal glycolipids at various stages. A possible impact of ceramide structure on the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate moieties is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wuhrer
- Biochemisches Institut am Klinikum der Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Wuhrer M, Dennis RD, Doenhoff MJ, Geyer R. A fucose-containing epitope is shared by keyhole limpet haemocyanin and Schistosoma mansoni glycosphingolipids. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2000; 110:237-46. [PMID: 11071279 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The glycolipids of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms, cercariae and eggs are recognised by schistosome infection serum and the monoclonal antibody M2D3H. The haemocyanin of the keyhole limpet, Megathura crenulata, is known to be immunoreactive to schistosomal infection sera and is, therefore, under investigation for the diagnosis of and vaccination against schistosomiasis. By dot-blot, inhibition-ELISA and inhibition-HPTLC immunostaining we have demonstrated that the M2D3H epitope is shared by both S. mansoni glycolipids and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Analogously to the established epitopic importance of fucose to the immunorecognition of S. mansoni glycolipids, we have similarly defined the significance of the fucose residue(s) for the immunoreactivity between KLH and schistosomal infection serum and the monoclonal antibody M2D3H. Fucose was specifically removed from KLH by partial hydrolysis, monitored by ultrafiltration and carbohydrate component analysis. On removal of the fucose residue(s) the serological and immunological reactivity of KLH was greatly diminished, which implied that the fucose-containing M2D3H antigenic determinant was common to both S. mansoni glycolipids and KLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wuhrer
- Biochemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
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